Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MHS1101- anatomy and physiology 1 > exam study deck > Flashcards

exam study deck Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of carbohydrates

A
  1. disaccharide
  2. oligosaccharide
  3. polysaccharide
  4. conjugate carbs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a disaccharide

A

two monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is an oligosaccharide

A

a short chain of 3 or more monosaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a polysaccharide

A

a long chain of monosaccharides (30)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a conjugate carb

A

a carbohydrate covalently bound to lipid or protein moiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the types of conjugate carbs

A
  1. glycolipids
    2, glycoproteins
  2. proteoglycans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is a fatty acid

A

a chain of 2 - 24 carbon atoms with carboxylic acid group on one end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

saturated fatty acids structure

A

each carbon atom has 4 single covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

unsaturated fatty acids structure

A

one or more double covalent bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

structure of polysaccharides

A

multiple double bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the structure of triglycerides

A

3 fatty acid molecules + 1 glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of triglycerides?

A

energy storage, insulation, shock absorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

phospholipids structure

A

one fatty acid is replaced by phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

eicospholipids structure

A

20 carbon compounds derived from arachidonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the function of eicospholipids

A

blood clotting, hormone action, muscle contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

B-sterol structure

A

lipid with 17 carbon atoms in four rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the function of B-sterol

A

nervous system function, structure and integrity of cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

amino acid structure

A

central carbon atom with 3 amino acid groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

peptide

A

2 or more amino acids joined by a peptide bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

peptide bond

A

join amino acid group of one amino acid to a carboxyl group of the next by dehydration synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the types of proteins

A
  1. primary
  2. secondary
  3. teritary
  4. Quaternary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

primary proteins

A

sequence of amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

secondary protein

A

coiled or folded shape held by hydrogen bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

teritary protein

A

bending and folding info fibrous shapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how are teritary proteins formed

A

hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions and van der waal’s forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what is a globular protein

A

protein within cell membrane and proteins that move freely in body fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is are fibrous proteins

A

slender filaments suited for roles in muscle contraction and strengthening of skin and nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Quaternary proteins

A

associations of two or more polypeptide chains due to ionic bonds, hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

functions of proteins

A
  1. structure
  2. communication
  3. membrane transport
  4. recognition and protection
  5. cell division
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what is a proteins structure

A
  1. keratin - tough structure of nails, skin surface
  2. collagen - deeper layer of skin, bones, cartilage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

how do proteins help communication

A

help with hormones and other cell to cell signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ligands

A

molecules that reversibly bind to protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

carrier

A

transport solutes to other side of membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

protein - cell division

A
  1. protein binds to cell together
  2. keep tissue together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

what is the function of cholesterol

A

holds phospholipids still, stiffen membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

glycoprotein function

A

glycocalyx

37
Q

integral membrane protein

A

protein that is part of membrane

38
Q

peripheral membrane protein

A

adhere to face of membrane

39
Q

how are substances transported across the cell membrane

A
  1. filtration
  2. simple diffusion
  3. osmosis
  4. carrier mediated transport
  5. vesicular transport
40
Q

osmosis

A

movement of H2O through selectively permeable membrane

41
Q

carrier mediated transport

A

channel of membrane carry solute in and out of cell

42
Q

vesicular transport

A

movement of large particles through membrane bound vesicles

43
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium function

A

absorption and secretion of mucus, protect ion from foreign particles

44
Q

pseudostratified columnar epithelium location

A

epididymus, fallopian tubes

45
Q

simple squamous epithelium function

A

rapid diffusion or transport of substances

46
Q

simple squamous epithelium location

A

thyroid gland

47
Q

simple columnar epithelium function

A

absorption and secretion

48
Q

simple columnar epithelium location

A

lining of GI tract

49
Q

transitional epithelium functions

A

filling of urinary tract

50
Q

transitional epithelium location

A

ureter and bladder

51
Q

osteogenic cells function

A

give rise to most other bone types

52
Q

osteocytes function

A

act as a strain sensor - bone produce biochemical signals that regulate bone remodelling

53
Q

osteoblasts function

A

synthesise soft organic matter of matrix

54
Q

osteoclasts function

A

dissolve bone for bone remodelling

55
Q

what is the role of calcitrol

A

raise blood calcium levels, increase calcium absorption by small intestine, calcium reabsorption

56
Q

what is the target organ for calcitrol

A

kidney, small intestine

57
Q

where is calcitonin secreted from

A

thyroid gland

58
Q

what is the role of calcitonin

A

inhibit osteoclasts to deposit calcium into bone, stimulate osteoblasts to deposit calcium into bone

59
Q

what is calcitonin’s target organ

A

kidneys

60
Q

what is the role of parathyroid hormone

A
  1. stimulate osteoblasts to secrete RANKL
  2. promote calcium reabsorption by kidney
  3. promote final step of calcitol synthesis in kidneys
  4. inhibit collagen synthesis by osteoblasts
  5. inhibit bone deposition
61
Q

what is the nerve supply of the flexor compartment of the forearm

A

median nerve

62
Q

which superficial forearm muscle is an exception

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

63
Q

what is the nerve supply of the extensor compartment of the forearm

A

radial nerve

64
Q

what is the nerve supply of the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

femoral nerve

65
Q

what is the nerve supply of the posterior compartment of the thigh

A

sciatic nerve

66
Q

what is the nerve supply to the calf muscles

A

tibial nerve

67
Q

action potential

A

change in membrane polarity produced by voltage-gated ion channels

68
Q

what is the resting membrane potential

A

-70mV

69
Q

what is the critical voltage for depolarisation to occur

A

-55mV

70
Q

what is the voltage peak before repolarisation occurs

A

+35mV

71
Q

what is the function of neuroglia cells

A

protect neurons and help them function, bind neurons together to form framework for nervous tissue

72
Q

what are the types of neuroglia cells in the CNS

A
  1. oligodendrocytes
  2. ependymal cells
  3. microglia
  4. Astrocytes
73
Q

What are the types of neuroglia cells in the PNS

A
  1. Schwaan cells
  2. Satellite cells
74
Q

what is the function of oligodendrocytes

A

form myelin sheath in CNS that speed up signal conduction

75
Q

what is the function of ependymal cells

A

line cavities of brain and secrete and circulate CSF

76
Q

what is the function of microglia

A

wander through CNS looking for debris and damage

77
Q

What is the function of Astrocytes

A

cover brain surface and most non-synaptic regions of neurons in grey matter

78
Q

What is the function of Schwaan cells

A

produce myelin sheath similar to oligodendrocytes in CNS

79
Q

what are the functions of satellite cells

A

provide electrical insulation around neurosoma, regulate chemical environment of neurons

80
Q

what is the function of white matter in the brain

A

form communication between spinal cord

81
Q

what are the tracts found within white matter in the brain

A

association tracts, commissural tracts, projection tracts

82
Q

association tracts

A

connect different regions within the same hemisphere

83
Q

commissural tracts

A

communicate between 2 hemispheres

84
Q

projection tracts

A

extend vertically higher and lower brain centres and spinal cord centres

85
Q

what is grey matter made from

A

cell bodies and axons

86
Q

what is white matter made from

A

axons

87
Q

state the lobes of the brain and state their function

A
  1. frontal - mood, motivation, decision making
  2. parietal - taste, sensory, number awareness
  3. temporal - hearing, smell, learning language
  4. occipital - visual awareness, visual processing
  5. insula - taste, pain, consciousness, emotion
88
Q

what are the branches of the intercranial course

A
  1. anterior cerebral artery
  2. middle cerebral artery
  3. ophthamalic artery
  4. pituitary gland, hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, midbrain
89
Q

what are the arteries that supply the brain with blood

A

vertebral arteries, internal carotid arteries, anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral artery

MHS1101- anatomy and physiology 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions