EXAM STUDY BIO Flashcards
Intercalated discs and striations are both characteristic of skeletal muscle.
false
Histology is the study of
tissues
Generally what is the result of the negative feedback process
to maintain homeostasis
Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity
. thoracic cavity
Found lining the digestive and respiratory tracts.
mucous membrane
Makes up the pleura and pericardium.
serous membrane
The epithelial membrane that lines the closed ventral cavities of the body.
serous membrane
The epithelial membrane that lines body cavities open to the exterior of the body
mucous membrane
Consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
cutaneous membrane
Lines blood vessels and the heart.
endothelium
Which tissue type would most likely function to hold the kidneys in place
adipose/fatty tissue
Sudoriferous (sweat) glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types of sweat glands
eccrine and apocrine
Which one of the following systems responds fastest to environmental stimuli
nervous
The genetic information encoded in DNA is by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules
false
Blood vessels keep clots from sticking as long as their ________ is intact and healthy
endothelium
The main component of the cytosol is
water
The dorsal body cavity is the site of which of the following
brain
The dermis contains blood vessels and nerve fibres whereas the epidermis does not.
true
Eyebrow hairs are nearly always shorter than hairs on your head because
A. eyebrow follicles are only active for a few months
Select the correct statement regarding tissue repair
Inflammation causes capillaries to dilate and become permeable.
Responsiveness or irritability is the ability to sense changes in the environment and then respond to them
true
What tissue has lacunae, calcium salts and blood vessels
bone (osseous tissue)
The layer that contains the mitotic viable cells of the epidermis
Stratum basale
The layer of the epidermis where the cells are considered protective but non-viable
stratum corneum
The layer of the epidermis that is several layers thick and contains pre-keratin
stratum spinosum
The layer of the epidermis that contains one to five layers of flattened cells and deteriorating organelles.
stratum granulosum
Mitochondria
contain some of the DNA and RNA code necessary for their own function
A smooth muscle cell has a central nucleus but lacks striations.
true
Nervous tissue consists mainly of neurons and collagen fibres.
false
The basic difference between dense irregular and dense regular connective tissues is in the amount of elastic fibres and adipose cells present.
false
Which statement correctly explains why hair appears the way it does?
Kinky hair has flat, ribbonlike hair shafts.
A structure that is composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions for the body is a / an __
organ
Elastic cartilage tissue is found in the walls of the large arteries that leave the heart.
true
Which of the following is a principle of the fluid mosaic model of cell membrane structure?
. Phospholipids form a bilayer that is largely impermeable to water-soluble molecules.
The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called ________ anatomy.
gross
The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ________ cavity.
dorsal
The right hypochondriac region contains the majority of the stomach.
false
Which of the following is true about epithelia?
Endothelium provides a slick surface lining all hollow cardiovascular organs
Select the most correct statement.
Select one:
A. The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system.
B. Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both.
C. Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life.
D. The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system
The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system
Which of the following is NOT a step in tissue repair?
formation of new stem cells
A major function of serous membranes is to decrease friction.
true
The skin cancer most likely to metastasize is cancer of the melanocytes.
true
The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?
stratum basale
The sebaceous glands are simple alveolar glands that secrete a substance known as sebum. The secretion of sebum is stimulated
by hormones, especially androgens
Apocrine glands, which begin to function at puberty under hormonal influence, seem to play little role in thermoregulation. Where would these glands be found in the human body?
in the axillary and anogenital area
Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated.
true
An obstruction in the superior vena cava would decrease the flow of blood from the head and neck to the heart.
true
Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall.
Select one:
A. The fibrous cardiac skeleton forms the bulk of the heart.
B. Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential.
C. The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium.
D. The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
Arterial pressure in the pulmonary circulation is much higher than in the systemic circulation because of its proximity to the heart.
false
The pulse pressure is _
. systolic pressure minus diastolic pressure
Which of the following blood pressure readings would be indicative of hypertension?
C. 170/96
Select the correct statement about the heart valves.
Select one:
A. The mitral (bicuspid) valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
B. Aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves control the flow of blood into the heart.
C. The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.
D. The tricuspid valve divides the left atrium from the left ventricle.
C. The atrioventricular (AV) valves prevent backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction.
There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node.
false
In the spleen, red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn-out RBCs.
false
Which cells are the main “warriors” of the immune system?
lymphocytes
Norepinephrine acts on the heart by _____
causing threshold to be reached more quickly
Which of the following factors does NOT influence heart rate? Select one: A. skin color B. body temperature C. age D. gender
A. skin color
A person with type B blood could receive blood from a person with either type B or type O blood.
true
Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins.
true
Which of the statements below is an incorrect or false statement?
Select one:
A. Blood typing for the Kell, Lewis, and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion.
B. Unique to the ABO blood group is the presence in the plasma of preformed antibodies.
C. When a transfusion reaction occurs, the oxygen-carrying capacity of the transfused blood cells is disrupted and the clumping of RBCs in small vessels hinders blood flow to tissues beyond those points.
D. Transfusion of incompatible blood can be fatal.
Blood typing for the Kell, Lewis, and Duffy factors is always done before a blood transfusion.
Which statement best describes arteries?
Select one:
A. All contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
B. All carry blood away from the heart.
C. Only large arteries are lined with endothelium.
D. All carry oxygenated blood to the heart.
All carry blood away from the heart.
Granulocytes called neutrophils are phagocytic and are the most numerous of all white blood cell types.
true
An electrocardiogram (ECG) provides direct information about valve function.
false
Which of the choices below is the parent cell for all formed elements of blood? Select one: A. hemocytoblast B. megakaryocyte C. polymorphonuclear cell D. normoblast
. hemocytoblast
Which of the following is NOT part of the intrinsic conduction system of the heart? Select one: A. sinoatrial (SA) node B. atrioventricular (AV) valve C. bundle branches D. atrioventricular (AV) node
atrioventricular (AV) valve
Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.
true
Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid? Select one: A. It contains enzymes only. B. It contains hyaluronic acid. C. It contains lactic acid. D. It contains hydrochloric acid.
. It contains hyaluronic acid.
Muscle power depends mostly on the total number of muscle fibers (cells) in the muscle.
true
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand torsion stresses? Select one: A. trabecular bone B. spongy bone C. compact bone D. irregular bone
compact bone
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
Select one:
A. All synovial joints are freely movable.
B. Synarthrotic joints are slightly movable.
C. Immovable joints are called amphiarthroses.
D. In cartilaginous joints, a joint cavity is present.
. All synovial joints are freely movable.
A motor neuron and all the muscle cells that it stimulates are referred to as a motor end plate.
false
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system?
Select one:
A. communication
B. storage of minerals
C. production of blood cells (hematopoiesis)
D. support
communication
The diaphragm flattens and moves inferiorly during inspiration
true
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for muscle contractions?
Select one:
A. muscle cell action potential, neurotransmitter release, ATP-driven power stroke, calcium ion release from SR, sliding of myofilaments
B. motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments
C. neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, motor neuron action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, sliding of myofilaments, ATP-driven power stroke
D. neurotransmitter release, motor neuron action potential, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke
motor neuron action potential, neurotransmitter release, muscle cell action potential, release of calcium ions from SR, ATP-driven power stroke, sliding of myofilaments
Spongy bone contains \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Select one: A. osteons B. osseous lamellae C. trabeculae D. lamellar bone
trabeculae
What is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle called? Select one: A. a myofibril B. a myofilament C. a sarcomere D. the sarcoplasmic reticulum
sarcomere
The sliding filament model of contraction involves ________.
Select one:
A. actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
B. the Z discs sliding over the myofilaments
C. actin and myosin lengthening in order to slide past each other
D. the shortening of thick filaments so that thin filaments slide past
. actin and myosin sliding past each other and partially overlapping
Which of these is NOT a way of classifying muscles? Select one: A. the type of muscle fibers B. muscle shape C. the type of action they cause D. muscle location
the type of muscle fibers
A resting potential is caused by a difference in the concentration of certain ions inside and outside the cell.
true
The periosteum is a tissue that serves only to protect the bone because it is not supplied with nerves or blood vessels.
false
Peristalsis is characteristic of smooth muscle.
Select one:
true
The contractile units of skeletal muscles are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. Select one: A. T tubules B. myofibrils C. microtubules D. mitochondria
myofibrils
Rigor mortis occurs because ________.
Select one:
A. proteins are beginning to break down, thus preventing a flow of calcium ions
B. no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules
C. the cells are dead
D. sodium ions leak into the muscle causing continued contractions
no ATP is available to release attached actin and myosin molecules
