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Exam Study Flashcards

1
Q

3 Design Basics

A

1) Qualitative philosophy and ethics
2) Qualitative research design
3) Quality

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2
Q

What is method

A

Specific techniques used within research processes

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3
Q

3 Types of Method

A

1) Qualitative data collection
2) Thematic Analysis
3) Content Analysis

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4
Q

What is methodology

A

Ideological framework that underpins the research process

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5
Q

6 Examples of methodology

A

1) Discurse analysis & causal layered analysis
2) Case study design
3) Phenomenology
4) Action research & decolonising
5) methodologies
6) Grounded theory

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6
Q

What is biq Q and little q

A

two meanings to the term qualitative research

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7
Q

What is little q

A

use of qualitative data collection methods in hypothetico-deductive research designs

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8
Q

What is big Q

A

open-ended, inductive research methodologies aimed at uncovering meanings and generating theory

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9
Q

Example of little q

A

Open-ended questions on a questionnaire

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10
Q

Big Q/little q is to methods/methodologies

A

big Q = methodologies little q = methods

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11
Q

2 Ways how we justify the choice of methodology and methods

A

1) theoretical perspective

2) epistemology

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12
Q

4 Elements of research

A

1) epistemology
2) theoretical perspective
3) methodology
4) method

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13
Q

3 examples of epistemology

A

1) objectivism
2) constructionism
3) subjectivism

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14
Q

3 theoretical perspective examples

A

1) positivism
2) interpretivism
3) feminism

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15
Q

5 Types of methodology

A

1) experiments
2) surveys
3) ethnography
4) grounded theory
5) phenomenology

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16
Q

4 Types of method

A

1) observation
2) interviews
3) focus groups
4) case studies

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17
Q

What is epistemology

A

Ones knowledge or belief embedded in their theoretical perspective and thereby in methodology

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18
Q

What is objectivism

A

(epistemology) truth or knowledge is universal and can be discovered via application of scientific method

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19
Q

What is constructivism

A

(epistemology) meanings are constructed through our engagement with the world and multiple realities exist

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20
Q

What is subjectivism

A

(epistemology) knowledge is no more than personal opinion

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21
Q

Quantitative/Qualitative relativist or realist

A

quantitative-realist, qualitative- relativist

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22
Q

3 characteristics to procedural ethics

A

1) Obtaining ethical clearance for your study
2) consent forms
3) participant information sheets

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23
Q

3 strategies to deal with distress

A

1) Take break/change topic
2) provide opportunity for participant to express his/her reactions/concerns/thoughts
3) phone next day

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24
Q

3 Qualities for good overarching research question

A

1) qualitative language
2) cannot be answered yes or no
3) first word allows for open ended question

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25
What is reflexivity
sensitivity to influence of researcher and methodology on data collected
26
What reduces influence of reflexivity
bracketing
27
What is bracketing
setting aside your own assumptions
28
What structure of interview is yarning
semi-structured
29
What is TA
method for identifying, analysing and reporting patternds
30
What are themes
patterned response or meaning
31
Themes developed from data
inductive
32
Themes imposed based on theoretical perspective
deductive
33
6 Steps to conducting TA
1) familiarisation 2) coding 3) searching for themes 4) reviewing themes 5) defining and naming themes 6) writing the report
34
3 Types of codes
1) descriptive 2) semantic 3) latent
35
What is descriptive coding example
information about whole case (demographic)
36
What is semantic codes
surface codes, what is explicitly states
37
What are latent codes
goes beyond what is stated for interpretations
38
2 Concepts that provide an umbrella for evaluation quality of qualitative research
1) rigour | 2) validity
39
What is rigour
practice of doing something with great care
40
What is validity
in qualitative context it is credibility or believability that research is trustworthy
41
2 Types of reflexivity
1) personal | 2) epistemological
42
What is personal reflexivity
How researchers values and assumptions etc shape research
43
What is epistemological reflexivity
reflecting on ways knowledge has been generated in research
44
4 processes to develop and demonstrate reflexivity
1) record notes 2) record reflections 3) record reactions 4) record ideas all in a journal
45
What is transparency
ensuring clarity throughout research process
46
How to demonstrate transparency
maintain audit trail
47
What is coherence
methodological integrity/fit between four elements of research (extent to which your research is internally consistent)
48
3 design options in member checking
1) restricted transparency 2) selective transparency 3) comprehensive
49
What is restricted transparency
show individual participant excerpts of their data
50
What is selective transparency
show participants segments of writing that are descriptive of events behaviours and meanings from their data
51
What is comprehensive transparency
show complete participant representations and researcher explanations
52
What is DA
any form of talk or text fundamentally concerned with how language is constructed
53
Main aim of DA
understand how talk and text constructs particular versions of reality and how to identify social consequences of these constructions
54
FiDP basics
focused on knowledge, truth and power as opposed to conversation analysis
55
What is CLA
interpretative methodology adopted in social sciences as an approach to deconstruct complex social issues
56
4 Causal layers
1) litany 2) social causes 3) worldview/discourse 4) myth/metaphor
57
What to conduct with little known about a phenomenon
case study
58
What is content analysis
process of categorising words (units of meaning) into fewer content-related categories and meaning can be derived from these categories
59
4 approaches to content analysis
1) conventional 2) directed 3) summative 4) mixed
60
Key features of conventional approach
limited prior research (inductive)
61
Key features of directed approach
theory driven (deductive)
62
Key features of summative approach
word frequency analysis to establish pattern of code
63
2 strengths of CA
1) content sensitive | 2) can be used number of data sources
64
What is phenomenology
philosophical school of thought
65
2 aims of IPA
1) understand and describe participants world | 2) provide interpretative analysis
66
4 assumptions of IPA
1) understanding world requires understanding experience 2) researchers cannot access experience directly, they engage in process of intersubjective meaning making 3) researchers must engage and reflect on own assumptions 4) researchers cannot escape interpretations so must reflect upon their role in them
67
What is participatory action research (PAR)
Participants involved in all stages of research to achieve social change
68
3 Principles of PAR
1) oppressed communities 2) address specific concerns of community, social change 3) Process of research and education
69
What is grounded theory
produces comprehensive description and theoretical examination of a phenomenon
70
3 characteristics of research questions- Glaser
1) engages from data 2) research attempts to avoid assumptions 3) does not employ constructs derived from existing theories
71
2 characteristics of research questions- Strauss
1) rq is statement of phenomena to be studied | 2) identified prior to data collection
72
Initial coding- Glaser
conceptualising comes from comparing data and looking for patterns of similarity and difference
73
Initial coding- Strauss
coding on observations (words, phrases, lines) as first step
74
Glaser theory
theory should emerge from data
75
Strauss theory
Preconception and verification processes as part of theory development
76
What most saturation occur in- Strauss/Glaser
Glaser
77
Literature analysis- Glaser
after data analysis
78
Literature analysis- Strauss
delay not required as literature informs emerging theory
79
What is theoretical sensitivity
ability to conceptualise and formulate theory from the data

Qualitative Methods (1 decks)

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