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Qualitative Methods > Exam Study > Flashcards

Exam Study Flashcards

1
Q

3 Design Basics

A

1) Qualitative philosophy and ethics
2) Qualitative research design
3) Quality

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2
Q

What is method

A

Specific techniques used within research processes

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3
Q

3 Types of Method

A

1) Qualitative data collection
2) Thematic Analysis
3) Content Analysis

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4
Q

What is methodology

A

Ideological framework that underpins the research process

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5
Q

6 Examples of methodology

A

1) Discurse analysis & causal layered analysis
2) Case study design
3) Phenomenology
4) Action research & decolonising
5) methodologies
6) Grounded theory

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6
Q

What is biq Q and little q

A

two meanings to the term qualitative research

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7
Q

What is little q

A

use of qualitative data collection methods in hypothetico-deductive research designs

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8
Q

What is big Q

A

open-ended, inductive research methodologies aimed at uncovering meanings and generating theory

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9
Q

Example of little q

A

Open-ended questions on a questionnaire

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10
Q

Big Q/little q is to methods/methodologies

A

big Q = methodologies little q = methods

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11
Q

2 Ways how we justify the choice of methodology and methods

A

1) theoretical perspective

2) epistemology

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12
Q

4 Elements of research

A

1) epistemology
2) theoretical perspective
3) methodology
4) method

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13
Q

3 examples of epistemology

A

1) objectivism
2) constructionism
3) subjectivism

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14
Q

3 theoretical perspective examples

A

1) positivism
2) interpretivism
3) feminism

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15
Q

5 Types of methodology

A

1) experiments
2) surveys
3) ethnography
4) grounded theory
5) phenomenology

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16
Q

4 Types of method

A

1) observation
2) interviews
3) focus groups
4) case studies

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17
Q

What is epistemology

A

Ones knowledge or belief embedded in their theoretical perspective and thereby in methodology

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18
Q

What is objectivism

A

(epistemology) truth or knowledge is universal and can be discovered via application of scientific method

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19
Q

What is constructivism

A

(epistemology) meanings are constructed through our engagement with the world and multiple realities exist

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20
Q

What is subjectivism

A

(epistemology) knowledge is no more than personal opinion

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21
Q

Quantitative/Qualitative relativist or realist

A

quantitative-realist, qualitative- relativist

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22
Q

3 characteristics to procedural ethics

A

1) Obtaining ethical clearance for your study
2) consent forms
3) participant information sheets

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23
Q

3 strategies to deal with distress

A

1) Take break/change topic
2) provide opportunity for participant to express his/her reactions/concerns/thoughts
3) phone next day

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24
Q

3 Qualities for good overarching research question

A

1) qualitative language
2) cannot be answered yes or no
3) first word allows for open ended question

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25
Q

What is reflexivity

A

sensitivity to influence of researcher and methodology on data collected

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26
Q

What reduces influence of reflexivity

A

bracketing

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27
Q

What is bracketing

A

setting aside your own assumptions

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28
Q

What structure of interview is yarning

A

semi-structured

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29
Q

What is TA

A

method for identifying, analysing and reporting patternds

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30
Q

What are themes

A

patterned response or meaning

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31
Q

Themes developed from data

A

inductive

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32
Q

Themes imposed based on theoretical perspective

A

deductive

33
Q

6 Steps to conducting TA

A

1) familiarisation
2) coding
3) searching for themes
4) reviewing themes
5) defining and naming themes
6) writing the report

34
Q

3 Types of codes

A

1) descriptive
2) semantic
3) latent

35
Q

What is descriptive coding example

A

information about whole case (demographic)

36
Q

What is semantic codes

A

surface codes, what is explicitly states

37
Q

What are latent codes

A

goes beyond what is stated for interpretations

38
Q

2 Concepts that provide an umbrella for evaluation quality of qualitative research

A

1) rigour

2) validity

39
Q

What is rigour

A

practice of doing something with great care

40
Q

What is validity

A

in qualitative context it is credibility or believability that research is trustworthy

41
Q

2 Types of reflexivity

A

1) personal

2) epistemological

42
Q

What is personal reflexivity

A

How researchers values and assumptions etc shape research

43
Q

What is epistemological reflexivity

A

reflecting on ways knowledge has been generated in research

44
Q

4 processes to develop and demonstrate reflexivity

A

1) record notes
2) record reflections
3) record reactions
4) record ideas
all in a journal

45
Q

What is transparency

A

ensuring clarity throughout research process

46
Q

How to demonstrate transparency

A

maintain audit trail

47
Q

What is coherence

A

methodological integrity/fit between four elements of research (extent to which your research is internally consistent)

48
Q

3 design options in member checking

A

1) restricted transparency
2) selective transparency
3) comprehensive

49
Q

What is restricted transparency

A

show individual participant excerpts of their data

50
Q

What is selective transparency

A

show participants segments of writing that are descriptive of events behaviours and meanings from their data

51
Q

What is comprehensive transparency

A

show complete participant representations and researcher explanations

52
Q

What is DA

A

any form of talk or text fundamentally concerned with how language is constructed

53
Q

Main aim of DA

A

understand how talk and text constructs particular versions of reality and how to identify social consequences of these constructions

54
Q

FiDP basics

A

focused on knowledge, truth and power as opposed to conversation analysis

55
Q

What is CLA

A

interpretative methodology adopted in social sciences as an approach to deconstruct complex social issues

56
Q

4 Causal layers

A

1) litany
2) social causes
3) worldview/discourse
4) myth/metaphor

57
Q

What to conduct with little known about a phenomenon

A

case study

58
Q

What is content analysis

A

process of categorising words (units of meaning) into fewer content-related categories and meaning can be derived from these categories

59
Q

4 approaches to content analysis

A

1) conventional
2) directed
3) summative
4) mixed

60
Q

Key features of conventional approach

A

limited prior research (inductive)

61
Q

Key features of directed approach

A

theory driven (deductive)

62
Q

Key features of summative approach

A

word frequency analysis to establish pattern of code

63
Q

2 strengths of CA

A

1) content sensitive

2) can be used number of data sources

64
Q

What is phenomenology

A

philosophical school of thought

65
Q

2 aims of IPA

A

1) understand and describe participants world

2) provide interpretative analysis

66
Q

4 assumptions of IPA

A

1) understanding world requires understanding experience
2) researchers cannot access experience directly, they engage in process of intersubjective meaning making
3) researchers must engage and reflect on own assumptions
4) researchers cannot escape interpretations so must reflect upon their role in them

67
Q

What is participatory action research (PAR)

A

Participants involved in all stages of research to achieve social change

68
Q

3 Principles of PAR

A

1) oppressed communities
2) address specific concerns of community, social change
3) Process of research and education

69
Q

What is grounded theory

A

produces comprehensive description and theoretical examination of a phenomenon

70
Q

3 characteristics of research questions- Glaser

A

1) engages from data
2) research attempts to avoid assumptions
3) does not employ constructs derived from existing theories

71
Q

2 characteristics of research questions- Strauss

A

1) rq is statement of phenomena to be studied

2) identified prior to data collection

72
Q

Initial coding- Glaser

A

conceptualising comes from comparing data and looking for patterns of similarity and difference

73
Q

Initial coding- Strauss

A

coding on observations (words, phrases, lines) as first step

74
Q

Glaser theory

A

theory should emerge from data

75
Q

Strauss theory

A

Preconception and verification processes as part of theory development

76
Q

What most saturation occur in- Strauss/Glaser

A

Glaser

77
Q

Literature analysis- Glaser

A

after data analysis

78
Q

Literature analysis- Strauss

A

delay not required as literature informs emerging theory

79
Q

What is theoretical sensitivity

A

ability to conceptualise and formulate theory from the data

Qualitative Methods (1 decks)

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