Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC212 > Exam Study > Flashcards

Exam Study Flashcards

1
Q

describe what Salience, Priming, and Accessibility are:

A 
Salience = what is being judged
Priming = the situation
Accessibility = person that is judging
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a Schema?

A

mental structures that humans use to organize knowledge and guide cognitive processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do internal and external attributions relate to?

A 
Internal = perceiver / actor
External = target / situation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Correspondent Inference Theory?

A

making a link between a motive and behaviour

someone behaving friendly, therefore you think they are a friendly person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a prototype?

A

the best cognitive representation of something within a certain category

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe what the Augmenting principle and the Discounting principle are:

A

Augmenting
= role of a potential cause is enhanced by the presence of other inhibiting factors

Discounting
= any one factor is discounted as a function of the presence of other potential causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the Self-Discrepancy theory?

A

The Ought self and the Ideal Self: the person that you believe you are and who you would like to be, respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Self-Complexity theory?

A

people have multiple distinct selves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the Social Identity theory?

A

a person’s social identity behaviour is determined by the character and motivations of the person as an individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the Self-Evaluation Maintenance theory?

A

when two people in a relationship each aim to keep themselves feeling good psychologically through comparison to the other person

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Fazio’s MODE model?

A

Motivation and Opportunity as DEterminants of the attitude-behavior relationship

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the stages of the Message Learning approach?

A 
Persuasive message
Attention to message
Comprehension of message
Acceptance of message
Attitude change
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the ‘Sleeper Effect’:

A

when someone originally discounts a message, but then it becomes more persuasive over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Self-Perception theory?

A

drawing logical inferences from observations of our own behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe Cognitive Dissonance:

A

a feeling of cognitive discomfort caused by differing attitudes, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Attitude Innoculation?

A

a technique used to make people immune to attempts to change their attitude by first exposing them to small arguments against their position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe Compliance:

A

behaviour in submission to a request

18
Q

What is the Commons problem?

A

a situation in which individuals neglect the well-being of society in pursuit of personal gain

19
Q

Describe Illusory Correlation:

A

when someone identifies a relationship between two things when it is actually not real

20
Q

What is the Contact Hypothesis?

A

suggests that intergroup contact can effectively reduce prejudice between group members

21
Q

List Hobbes, Freud, Lorenz, and Darwins approaches:

A 
Hobbes = aggression by nature
Freud = aggression as a death instinct
Lorenz = aggression elicited by environmental cues
Darwin = aggression as an adaptation
22
Q

What are the two types of exposure?

A

Functional Exposure
= positive relationship observed under conditions of perceived risk

Mere Exposure
= when exposed to a stimulus more, we develop tendencies for them

23
Q

What is the Dissonance theory?

A

when people associate uncomfortable cognitive states with negative effects

24
Q

What are Caricatures and Anticaricatures?

A

Caricatures
= exaggeration of the face with the average

Anticaricatures
= minimization of the face with the average

25
Q

Describe Assortative Mating:

A

when people tend to choose mates who are more similar or dissimilar to themselves

26
Q

Describe Perceptual Fluency:

A

facilitation of task performance due to prior experience with the stimulus

27
Q

What three things predict an effect of violent media?

A

Numbing, Aggressive Scripts, Informational Conformity

28
Q

Describe the Cathartic Hypothesis:

A

maintains that aggressive urges are relieved by releasing aggressive energy

29
Q

What is the Balance theory?

A

changing your attitude because you do not want it to be consistent with outgroup members (enemy likes pizza, therefore you choose to not like pizza)

30
Q

What is the Testing effect?

A

retrieving to-be-remembered information increases long-term memory

31
Q

Describe Reliability and Validity:

A 
Reliability = endures the same result every time
Validity = measures what it claims to measure
32
Q

What is Target Prevalence?

A

describes the salience of an object/s in the environment

33
Q

What is Vigilance Decrement?

A

the ability to remain vigilant for critical analysis deteriorates with time

34
Q

Describe Old-View Safety-I & New-View Safety-II:

A

Safety-II
= focuses on when things go wrong

Safety-II
= focuses on understanding normal performance

35
Q

What is a ‘violation’?

A

intentional breaking of rules

36
Q

What is a ‘slip’?

A

repeated mistake

37
Q

What is a ‘lapse’?

A

the unintended error of omission (first time)

38
Q

What is a rule-based mistake?

A

someone makes an error due to not following procedures

39
Q

What is a knowledge-based mistake?

A

someone makes an error due to insufficient knowledge to take appropriate action

40
Q

What is a skill-based mistake?

A

someone makes an error due to a physical skill performed incorrectly

41
Q

What is the difference between screening-out and screening-in?

A

Screening-Out
= looking for potential undesirable characteristics that are not suitable for the job, then eliminating them from being considered
( more efficient way)

Screening-In:
= looking for potential characteristics in a person that would make them suitable for the job
( less efficient way )

42
Q

What is Face, Construct, and Content validity?

A

Face Validity
= measures what it claims to

Construct Validity
= how well it measures what it claims to

Content Validity
= how well it measures the behaviour for which it is intended

PSYC212 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions