EXAM - SM ANIMAL

Question 1

Describe a “Premium Brand” pet food

Answer 1

Sold at specialty pet stores, may be expensive, recognizable manufacturers, and marketing focused on nutritional trends

Question 2

Describe a “Therapeutic” diet

Answer 2

Sold and unused under the guidance of a veterinarian, must need daily nutritional needs, cannot be marketed to consumers, and have special regulatory considerations

Question 3

% of moisture in dry foods?

Answer 3

6-12%

Question 4

% moisture in semi-moist food?

Answer 4

25-40%

Question 5

What is commonly added for preservatives in semi-moist diets?

Answer 5

Sugar or salt

Question 6

% moisture in wet food

Answer 6

75-85%

Question 7

Downside of wet food?

Answer 7

Dry out and harbor bacteria

Question 8

AAFCO

Answer 8

Non profit consortium of feed control officials.
Recommends labeling requirements and how to list and name ingredients (states choose whether or not to adopt these regulations)
An AAFCO statement indicates whether a diet is complete and balanced

Question 9

FDA

Answer 9

Oversees food safety, therapeutic diets, recalls and labeling.
4 labeling requirements: manufacturers contact info, net quantity, product identification and ingredient list.
Responsible for enforcement of regulations.

Question 10

USDA

Answer 10

Officials monitor grain grading standards, food safety and animal health, and egg quality. They also oversee the Organic certification program.

May or may not regulate ingredients in pet food

Question 11

% Tuna in a diet that says “Tuna for Cats”

Answer 11

95% or 70% of finished product

Question 12

% Tuna in a diet that says “Tuna recipe, feast, dinner, stew..”

Answer 12

25%

Question 13

% Tuna in a diet that says “with Tuna”

Answer 13

3%

Question 14

What is the purpose of a nutritional adequacy statement?

Answer 14

Indicate the intended species and life stage of a diet, and whether the diet is complete and balanced

Question 15

What are the 2 methods of substantiation for nutritional adequacy?

Answer 15

Formulation method and feeding trials

Question 16

Which nutritional adequacy method has a better assessment of bioavailability?

Answer 16

Feeding trials

Question 17

Which nutritional adequacy method is less expensive AND less time consuming?

Answer 17

Formulation method

Question 18

Define the common marketing term: organic

Answer 18

Legally defined by the USDA. Products that are at least 95% organic ingredients can use the USDA organic logo

Question 19

Define the common marketing term: Natural

Answer 19

Is defined, but there is a pretty big loophole to allow supplements to be added

Question 20

Define the common marketing term: Human Grade

Answer 20

Basically human food. Not very common and quite expensive

Question 21

Define the common marketing term: Holistic

Answer 21

No clear definition

Question 22

Define the common marketing term: Nutritional Trends

Answer 22

Paleo, keto, vegan, grain-free, limited ingredient etc.
Not healthier and can have associated health concerns

Question 23

Define the common marketing term: Senior Diets

Answer 23

Purely marketing and not based on science

Question 24

Alternative Diets

Answer 24

Diets that are not the traditional dry or wet food

Question 25

Most common types of alternative diets?

Answer 25

Home-cooked and raw

Question 26

Pros of alternative diets?

Answer 26

More control over ingredients, nutrient customization, High digestibility, useful for certain health concerns

Question 27

Cons of alternative diets

Answer 27

Time consuming, expensive, nutritional adequacy concerns, incomplete nutritional information, poor compliance (owners often change recipes)

Question 28

Risks of feeding raw diets

Answer 28

Tooth fractures, obstructions, or trauma from feeding bones. Contamination by pathogenic bacteria for pets and owners. Frequently unbalanced resulting in nutrient deficiencies. Not good for animals with increased nutrient demands (newborns).