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Outdoor Ed > Exam semester 1 > Flashcards

Exam semester 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Maslow’s Hierachy of Needs

A

People are motivated to fulfill basic needs

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2
Q

The needs of Maslow’s Hierachy of needs

A

Physiological, safety, social, ego and self actualisation

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3
Q

Physiological need’s

A

Seeks to obtain the basic necessity of life

Physical survival needs: water, food, sleep, warmth and exercise

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4
Q

Safety need’s

A

Seeks security through order and law

Physical safety, economic security and freedom from threats

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5
Q

Social need’s

A

Seeks affiliation with a group

Acceptance, being part of a group, identification with a successful team.

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6
Q

Ego need’s

A

Seeks esteem through recognition or achievement

Important projects, recognition from others, prestige and status

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7
Q

Self actualisation

A

Seeks to fulfilment of personal potential

Challenging projects, opportunities fo innovation and creativity, learning and creating at a higher level

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8
Q

Pre expedition planning

A 
Determine the desired outcome
Fit the expedition to the group
Location
Duration
Prepare a written plan 
Establish practical and sensible safety rules
Investigate weather 
Organise equipment 
Plan
Goals
Fitness preparation
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9
Q

Skills and Practices

A 
Technical skills
Organisational skills
Risk management skills
First aid skills
Environmental skills
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10
Q

Strategy

A

Plans prepared prior to attempting specific skill in a mode of travel or activity

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11
Q

Tactics

A

Specific ways in which strategies are put into action

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12
Q 
What is Risk, example 
Physically
Mentally
Socially
Financially
A

The potential to gain or lose something of value
Eg
Physical: loss of mobility through breaking an arm
Mentally: fear of heights
Socially: peer embarrassment
Financially: lost equipment

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13
Q

What is a Hazard

A

The conditions or circumstances that contribute to the likelihood of an incident, that is a condition or situation that makes it more likely that a peril will occur
Eg

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14
Q

Perils

A

Sources or causes of a potential loss

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15
Q

Danger

A

Perils or hazard that may result from both people and surroundings.

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16
Q

Environmental danger

A

Occurs naturally eg white water rapids

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17
Q

Human dangers

A

Occurs within group or leadership
Eg
lack of attention
Peer pressure

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18
Q

Misadventure

A

Involves too much fear often leads to failure.

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19
Q

Risk management

A

Procedures put in place to reduce the likelihood of an accident or incident

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20
Q

3 types of risk management

A

Proactive or primary
Active or secondary
Reactive or tertiary

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21
Q

Proactive or primary risk management

A

Complete before an experience

Eg checking equipment

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22
Q

Active or secondary risk management

A

During the experience to avoid dangers or respond to an accident
Eg evacuating a patient

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23
Q

Reactive or tertiary risk management

A

Carried out after the event

Eg contacting others

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24
Q

Principles of risk management

A

Identification of risk
Casual factors( people, equipment, environmental)
Types of risk ( absolute, perceived, real)
Assessment of risk( high/ low likelihood)
Risk management
Social and physical factors contributing to risk
Evaluation of risk management plan

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25
Q

Steps for emergency response/ accident management

A 
Surveying the scene 
Primary survey 
Secondary survey
Patient assessment and monitoring 
Documentation/ accident report
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26
Q

Signalling methods used in an emergency

A 
Whistle
Fire
Sand drawings
Mobile and satellite phone
Flare
Personal locator beacon
Radio
Hand or arm signalling
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27
Q

Experiential learning

A

Practical learning style

Direct experience

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28
Q

Why is experiential learning effective for individuals

A

Deepen their knowledge through repeatedly doing and reflecting
Are more motivated to develop skills they see are relevant
Become self directed learners
Learn to confront unfamiliar situations and task

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29
Q

Personal skills

A

Features and qualities which provide you with a knowledge, understanding and awareness of yourself

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30
Q

Types of personal skills

A 
Dimension of self
Self appraisal
Monitoring 
Flexibility 
Commitment
Goal setting
Reflection
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31
Q

Dimension of self

A

Three dimensions that help us understand ourselves
Self identity
Self concept
Self esteem

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32
Q

Self identity

A

Characteristics of yourself

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33
Q

Self concept

And types

A

How you think about yourself
Physical- activity specific eg bushwalking
Academic- verbal / maths
Social- group specific eg family

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34
Q

Self esteem

A

How you value yourself

35
Q

Belief

Example

A

Emotional held views that are not based on fact, although the person holds them as a truth
Eg ‘I believe that things happen for a reason’

36
Q

Values

Example

A

Principles or standards, which guide our behaviour. Affect the way people fell, think and act.
Eg freedom
Caring
Honesty

37
Q

Attitudes

Example

A

Beliefs you have about something, an object, person, situation, concept or place.

Eg I dislike school

38
Q

Monitoring

A

Anticipating the problem and challenges you will face in achieving your goals and then judging your performance

39
Q

Flexibility

A

Being able to quickly adapt to new, different or changing situations

40
Q

Commitment

A

Pledge to yourself towards a certain purpose or behaviour

41
Q

Decision making

A

Process of choosing the most probable option from a collection of possible ones

42
Q

Steps to decision making

A 
Stop and think
State the problem/ situation 
Anticipate the desired outcome
Write the choices and gather information
State the pros and cons consequences 
Choose
Evaluate and adjust
43
Q

Convergence decision making

A

Write the positive and negative consequence of each option

44
Q

Divergence decision making

A

Write the choice and begin to gather information

45
Q

Personal reflective journal writing skills

A

Trip evaluation forms
Journal evaluations
Debriefing
Non verbal methods of reflection

46
Q

Stages of group development

A 
Forming
Storming
Norming
Performing
Adjourning
47
Q

Forming

A

Group member makes initial contact with each other and the leader

48
Q

Storming

A

Control of decision making begins to shift from the leader to the group

49
Q

Norming

A

Establishment of acceptable standards of behaviour within the group through the development of group rules and goals

50
Q

Performing

A

Group is motivated and committed as they combine together supportively to concentrate on tasks

51
Q

Adjourning

A

Individual and group goals have been achieved and consolidated in various situations

52
Q

Skills for building group relationships

A 
Communication 
Active listening
Assertiveness 
Negotiation
Conflict resolution
53
Q

Leadership theories

A 
Trait
Behavioural
Situational theory
Transactional
Transformational
54
Q

Trait theory

A

Leaders are born with certain qualities that enable them to become great leaders

55
Q

Behavioural theory

A

Leaders were made not born

56
Q

Situational theory

A

Work in different ways and change management style to suit the situation.
Style varies from situation to situation

57
Q

Transactional theory

A

Agreement is reached between leader and followers

Management by exception : Active and Passive leadership

58
Q

Transformational theory

A

Leaders personality , enabling others to plan for the future and determine long term goals

59
Q

Leadership controls

A 
Telling
Selling 
Testing
Consulting
Joining
Delegating
60
Q

Telling

A

Considers the situation

61
Q

Selling

A

Considers alternative and makes the decision

62
Q

Testing

A

Identifies the problem and proposes a solution giving reason

63
Q

Consulting

A

Represents the problem, ask ideas and decides on solution

64
Q

Joining

A

Outlines the problem to the group and joins the decision making

65
Q

Delegating

A

Leader or group member outlines the problem

66
Q

Types of leaders

A

Autocratic
Democratic
Laissez faire

67
Q

Autocratic

A

leader has complete power

Decision are made without any form of consulting

68
Q

Democratic

A

Shared decision making with the leader and member working together to produce a performing group

69
Q

Laissez faire

A

Leader plays a minimal role in decision making and agrees to abide by the group decision

70
Q

Briefing procedures

A

Contract
Individual goal setting
Authority
Framing the experience

71
Q

Seasons

A

The earths combined axial rotation and orbiting around the sun results in periods of weather

72
Q

Comments of weather

A 
Precipitation 
Humidity 
Wind
Air pressure
Air temperature
Clouds
73
Q

Precipitation

A 
Dew and frost
Fog
Rain and drizzle
Hail, snow and sleet
Depends on the type of cooling and air mass
74
Q

Humidity

A

Condition of the atmosphere with regards to its water vapour content

75
Q

Wind

A

Air which is constantly moving

76
Q

Air pressure

A

Pressure exerted on an object by the weight on the air above it

77
Q

Air temperature

A

Measurement of heat energy in the atmosphere

78
Q

Clouds

A

Comprised of floating water drops or ice crystals

79
Q

Phytophthora cinnamimi (dieback)

A

Threat to south coast WA biodiversity

Disease that rots plants

80
Q

Land salinity/degradation

A

Issue facing WA due to massive land clearance

81
Q

Loss of biodiversity

A

Introducing species

82
Q

Climate change

A

WA is getting warmer, rainfall is decreasing and ocean levels are rising

83
Q

Whale shark tourism threats

A

Whale sharks spend have there days in shallow water and the rest in deep water
This changes their movement habitats and an increase in stress levels as staying in the swallow water heats up the whales
This also changes how they use their daily energy

Outdoor Ed (1 decks)

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