exam sem 2 Flashcards
Art reflects the values and standards a particular society finds important.
True
False
True
Assessing artwork from a historical context involves analysis of iconography and style.
True
False
True
Broad cultural, external factors such as war, political power shifts, religion, and changing geography have little effect upon the type of art that emerges from a society.
True
False
False
Objects such as dishes, clothing, and tools may be designed to be both functional and aesthetically pleasing.
True
False
True
When you determine how the style and innovations of an artwork impact the history of art, you are
a. describing
b. analyzing
c. interpreting
d. judging
d. judging
Examining artwork in an historical context means
a. you are classifying the art as functional or non-functional.
b. you are looking at the time and place the art was created and used.
c. you are comparing artworks from two different cultures to determine which style is more aesthetically pleasing.
d. you are interpreting what the artist’s intentions were for creating the artwork.
b. you are looking at the time and place the art was created and used.
The style of an art piece refers to
a. the function of a work of art in a particular society.
b. the artist’s personal way of using the elements and principles of art to express feelings and ideas, resulting in a particular look.
c. the artwork’s importance in the historical evolution of art over time.
d. how beautiful the artwork appears to viewers.
b. the artist’s personal way of using the elements and principles of art to express feelings and ideas, resulting in a particular look.
Each individual society, civilization, and culture creates aesthetic criteria based on
a. what is valued or considered important to the culture.
b. what is considered aesthetically pleasing to its people.
c. the societal, religious, and political standards, mores, and beliefs of the civilization.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Many scholars and historians think that prehistoric animal paintings were part of a ritual believed to create spiritual power.
True
False
True
Depictions of human beings on cave walls are not evident until the Mesolithic period.
True
False
False
The Venus of Willendorf may have been used as a fertility symbol, depicting the universal concept of feminine strength and power.
True
False
True
Stonehenge is a monumental stone structure built as a calendar to help predict changes in the seasons through observation of stars, moon, sun, and planets.
True
False
True
Stonehenge is a monumental stone structure built as a calendar to help predict changes in the seasons through observation of stars, moon, sun, and planets.
True
False
True
The prehistoric hunter-artist created animals on cave walls that appeared
a. naturalistic.
b. abstract.
c. expressionistic.
d. Paleolithic.
a. naturalistic.
The values and lifestyle of prehistoric people can be determined by
a. the types of tools found in their settlements.
b. the type of art found on their cave walls.
c. evidence of ritual artifacts.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
A rite of passage is
a. a form of prehistoric writing.
b. a ritual or event that heralds a change of status of an individual in society.
c. an artifact used in prehistoric fertility rituals.
d. an event that is always depicted on cave walls.
b. a ritual or event that heralds a change of status of an individual in society.
Stonehenge is made from several large stones set on end with a large stone slab covering on top. These are called
a. petroglyphs.
b. neoliths.
c. dolmens.
d. artifacts.
c. dolmens.
petroglyphs
Squash blossom girls of Beaver Creek panel at V-Bar-V Ranch
megaliths
Droumbeag Stone Circle, Glandore, Ireland
pictographs
Red monochrome figures of Painted Rock Shelter in the Lower Pecos
neoliths
Painted pebbles of Bonfire Shelter
fiber artifacts
Sandals from Ceremonial Cave
dolmen
Poulnabrone of County Clare, Ireland
Venus figure
“Fanny,” the Galgenberg figurine
shaman figure
Anthropomorphic figure in white at White Shaman Cave, Lower Pecos
stencil pictographs
Fifty-five handprints in the Cosquer Cave near Marseilles, France
ziggurat
A Mesopotamian temple tower with steps and a flat roof
ka
The soul in the Egyptian concept of the afterlife
mastaba
An Egyptian tomb with steps and a flat roof
sarcophagus
A stone coffin
hieroglyphics
Egyptian writing characters and picture symbols
pyramids
Massive stone triangular tombs for the pharoahs
cuneiform
A form of writing with wedge-shaped characters drawn on clay tablets
hypostyle
A massive hallway created with columns within an Ancient Egyptian temple
papyrus
A water plant whose fibers were used to create a paper-like writing and drawing material
stele
An inscribed stone pillar with relief images
The ziggurat in Mesopotamian civilization
a. housed the mummified body of a dead pharaoh.
b. demonstrated the great power of a centralized Sumerian nation and government.
c. was a temple tower used to maintain a closer relationship between the gods and the people on earth.
d. was used in ritualistic ceremonies celebrating the change of seasons.
c. was a temple tower used to maintain a closer relationship between the gods and the people on earth.
In both Mesopotamian and Ancient Egyptian civilizations, we often see art and architecture that
a. demonstrate the strength and power of a ruler.
b. depict the ruler or king as a god-like figure.
c. use iconography to record a ruler’s beliefs, values, and accomplishments.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
The Stele of Hammurabi is
a. a relief that depicts Naram-Sin wearing a horned helmet that symbolizes his godlike status in Akkadian society.
b. a stone pillar displaying a code of laws and consequences for breaking those laws in Babylonia.
c. a functional palette used to hold eye-makeup used by the pharaoh, Hammurabi.
d. a piece that depicts Khafre as the sun god Ra.
b. a stone pillar displaying a code of laws and consequences for breaking those laws in Babylonia.
The Great Pyramids of Ancient Egypt were
a. stone tombs built for common people in Egypt.
b. stone tombs for the pharaoh and Egyptian nobles.
c. part man, part lion monumental sculptures guarding the tomb of Khafre.
d. carved out of rocky cliffs found along the Nile River in Upper Egypt.
b. stone tombs for the pharaoh and Egyptian nobles.
Art and architecture of the Middle Kingdom period are well represented by
a. the Great Sphinx.
b. the Tomb of Nakht.
c. a stylized depiction of the human form.
d. the limestone Bust of Nefertiti.
b. the Tomb of Nakht.
The beliefs and influence of Buddhism can be seen in the art and architecture of Asia.
True
False
True
The design of the Taj Majal in India is influenced by the Buddhist religion and Buddhist temple architectural features.
True
False
False
Chinese scroll paintings and the Chinese pagoda were both artistic forms influenced by Buddhism.
True
False
True
Abstract art images are only seen in the works of ancient civilizations of Mexico, Central and South America.
True
False
False
Mayan art often
a. depicts images of nature and nobility within the Chinese landscape.
b. uses elaborate geometric and floral designs.
c. depicts elaborate carvings of gods and goddesses on ancient temples, monuments, and statuary in public places.
d. depicts abstracted figures to symbolize ancestral heritage.
c. depicts elaborate carvings of gods and goddesses on ancient temples, monuments, and statuary in public places.
A significant art form introduced in China but developed as a unique Japanese art form was
a. porcelain.
b. pagoda architecture.
c. woodblock printing.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
The masks found in African art are
a. often used in ritual ceremonies and dances.
b. sacred objects used to link the living with the spiritual world.
c. often abstracted to represent the spirit of the ancestral realm.
d. all of the above.
d. all of the above.
Harrappan
Ancient Indus River Valley
Tlingit
Pacific Northwest and Alaska
Olmec
Central America and Mexico
Incan
South America
Shang
Ancient China
Benin
Nigeria and the west coast of Africa
Pueblo
North American southwest
Iroquois
North American east coast
Mogul (or Mughal)
Medieval Pakistan and India
Shogun dynasties
Ancient Japan
fetish or reliquary figure
African cultures
floral motif lattice work
Islamic culture
kimono
Ancient Japanese culture
monumental head
Olmec culture
codices
Mayan culture
scroll painting
Chinese Han Dynasty
stupa
Indian Buddhist culture
Shiva Nataraja (dancing lord)
Indian Hindu culture
oracle bones
Chinese Shang Dynasty
totems
Pacific Northwest Native American culture
The three periods in Greek history, listed in chronological order are ___.
a. Archaic, Hellenistic, and Classical
b. Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic
c. Classical, Hellenistic, and Roman
d. Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian
b. Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic
The column order characterized by a capital carved into double scrolls is called ___.
a. Doric
b. Corinthian
c. Ionic
d. Classical
c. Ionic
The Kouros figure of the Archaic Period is ___.
a. an Egyptian pharaoh carved out of stone
b. the depiction of a Greek goddess
c. an idealized, yet realistic sculpted figure that shows emotion and physical movement
d. a rigid, memorial statue figure used to commemorate the glory and triumphs of man
d. a rigid, memorial statue figure used to commemorate the glory and triumphs of man
The Greek Acropolis is a ___.
a. grouping of temples and public open spaces elevated on a hill above the city of Athens
b. large arena used for gladiator contests and chariot races
c. temple built to house a large statue of Athena, goddess of wisdom and war
d. model for future generations of Christian church builders
a. grouping of temples and public open spaces elevated on a hill above the city of Athens
Greek sculpture of the Hellenistic period was characterized by ___.
a. idealized beauty and physical perfection
b. emotional expressions and naturalistic poses
c. elaborate abstract designs in pottery
d. realistic heads or busts of important people
b. emotional expressions and naturalistic poses
The Roman Colosseum was a ___.
a. model for later Christian churches
b. trough channel raised on arches for transporting water into cities
c. huge outdoor stadium or arena
d. temple built to honor the goddess Athena
c. huge outdoor stadium or arena
A(n) ___ is a triangular section resting on top of columns in Greek temple architecture.
a. cornice
b. entablature
c. column
d. pediment
d. pediment
The ___ is the top element of a column.
a. capital
b. pediment
c. colonnade
d. cornice
a. capital
___ is an example of a piece created in the Classical Period. It is realistic, yet shows an idealized form of beauty.
a. The Nike of Samothrace
b. The Dying Gaul
c. The Triumphal Arch of Constantine
d. The Discus Thrower
d. The Discus Thrower
Early Christian architects used the Greek Temple floor plan for their churches.
True
False
False
The Roman catacombs were underground burial tombs, tunnels, and rooms used for early Christian worshippers.
True
False
True
A mosaic is a scene, illustration, or design painted on a wall.
True
False
False
The Emperor Justinian persecuted Christians and did not allow them to build basilicas or churches.
True
False
False
Islamic art features decorative animal and floral motifs, as well as geometric designs, because of its spiritual foundation in nature worship and nature gods.
True
False
False
Early Christian religious iconography employed images of
a. plants, flowers, and geometric shapes.
b. Christian emperors, archbishops, and attendants.
c. the fish, the shepherd, the lamb, the dove, the phoenix, and ivy.
d. highly realistic portraits of Jesus and his Apostles.
c. the fish, the shepherd, the lamb, the dove, the phoenix, and ivy.
The Hagia Sophia
a. is an excellent example of an Islamic mosque with elaborate and ornate geometric and floral designs.
b. incorporates the three orders of decorative style developed by the Greeks: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
c. is an example of early Christian basilica architecture.
d. is an elaborate example of Byzantine architecture with domes, piers, and arches in its design and mosaics for interior decoration.
d. is an elaborate example of Byzantine architecture with domes, piers, and arches in its design and mosaics for interior decoration.
Figures in Byzantine paintings can be stylistically characterized as
a. muscular, idealized forms with realistic facial characteristics.
b. having highly emotional facial expressions and theatrical body poses.
c. tall, slender, stylized figures with small feet, oval faces, and large eyes.
d. flat figures mixed with geometric and stylized flower designs.
c. tall, slender, stylized figures with small feet, oval faces, and large eyes.
The Dome of the Rock
the Arab-Israeli conflict in the Mideast
The Babri Mosque
the Hindu/Muslim conflict in India
The Hagia Sophia
the sack of Constantinople by soldiers of the Fourth Crusade
The Iraqi National Museum
the 2003 US War on Iraq
The Zwinger Palace
Allied fire-bombing of Dresden in WWII
The Ziggurrat at Ur
shellfire from the 1990 Gulf War
The Dome of the Rock- religious or cultural event that makes it sacred to certain people.
the place from which Muhammad began his ascent to heaven
Bodh Gaya (ancestor of ancient pipal tree)
the birth of Buddha
Roman catacombs on Via Labicana
the martyrdom of Marcellinus the priest and Peter the exorcist
San Vitale Church at Ravenna
the spread of Christian rule to the West under Theodora and Justinian
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre
the death and entombment of Jesus
The Basilica of St. Peter
the martyrdom of one of the Apostles
As Holy Roman Emperor, Charles the Great (or Charlemagne) did not support the arts and used the feudal system to gain control over Europe.
True
False
False
The Christian church played a significant role in the everyday lives of people during the Romanesque period.
True
False
True
Romanesque churches and cathedrals are characterized by the use of flying buttresses for support, elaborate external ornamental sculpture, and large stained glass rose windows.
True
False
False
A fresco is a painting technique in which pigment is added to a thin layer of plaster and applied to a wall.
True
False
True
Notre Dame and Chartres
cathedrals built in the Gothic style
St. Matthew from the Coronation Gospels of Charlemagne
an example of an illumination manuscript from the Early Medieval period
Lamentation Pieta by Giotto
an example of an Italian fresco from the Gothic period
Vellum
parchment used for illuminated manuscripts
Rose window and flying buttresses
architectural features of the Gothic style in churches and cathedrals
Carolingian Dynasty
Charlemagne’s Frankish succession of leadership that centralized the rule of Europe in the Early Medieval period
Abbey
a monastery connected to a church
Cloister
a secluded, walled-off area lined by colonnades within a monastery
Ambulatories
passageways lining the perimeter of a Romanesque church
Nave
the main center aisle of a Gothic cathedral
- The Middle Ages can be categorized into three periods. What are the names of these three periods?
The three periods are the Early Medieval, Romanesque, and Gothic periods. Although these periods tend to overlap, each period has significant characteristics in its styles and types of art.
- The fresco paintings of Giotto di Bondone heralded a move from an older style to a newer style in religious figure painting. Describe these two styles and the specific characteristics of Giotto’s work that point toward this shift.
Giotto’s work shows the beginnings of the move from symbolic, non-realistic religious figure painting toward more realistic and representational images. Specific characteristics that indicate this shift include:
Depth created by using overlapping objects, value gradation, and perspective. Emotional facial expressions. Realistic body postures in highly physical activities. Capturing a specific emotional moment rather than a symbolic event.
- The Christian faith was strong during the Gothic period, yet some decorative elements of Gothic cathedrals portray a belief in something else. Describe these unusual elements and the beliefs they represent.
Grotesque figures, demons, and monsters decorate the exteriors of many Gothic churches. These decorative elements were used as functional items (rainspouts and guttering systems) but also represented earlier pagan superstitions in which many Christians still believed. These frightening creatures were intended to scare away evil spirits from the sanctuary of the church.
- What specific architectural features of Gothic cathedrals fulfilled the dual function of illumination and divine connection?
The creation of stained glass and faceted windows, such as the rose window, above an altar created stunning beams of light and brilliant colored depictions of biblical stories. These new features provided light and also enhanced the sense of divine ambience; dramatic light beams seemed to connect worshippers more closely to God.
- What shift in lifestyle and living circumstances led to the changes found in Romanesque and Gothic churches and cathedrals?
As the feudal system dissolved, a shift in lifestyle occurred. People began moving from rural country areas into large towns that grew in size, population, commerce, and trade. Cathedrals became the central structures of many growing cities, and universities began to replace monasteries as educational institutions. Pilgrimages to churches and cathedrals increased the number of congregants. Growing congregations required larger structures. Faithful followers financially supported the building of larger and more elaborate churches and cathedrals driven by the new market economies that thrived in cities and towns.
The Renaissance was a time when people began re-examining the philosophy, literature, art, and architecture of the Middle Ages.
True
False
False
Linear perspective is a system that creates the illusion of depth and volume on a flat, two-dimensional surface.
True
False
True
The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel depicted the Medici Family and was painted by Leonardo di Vinci.
True
False
False
Mannerism is a European art style that rejected the calm balance of the Renaissance in favor of emotion, expressionistic freedom, and distortion.
True
False
True
The Counter-Reformation was an attempt by the Catholic Church to attract worshippers back and to regain its power after turmoil and protest divided the Christian church.
True
False
True
Baroque artist Artemisia Gentileschi was one of the first woman artists to impact the art world in her lifetime.
True
False
True
Three artists considered to be Italian Renaissance Masters are
a. Filippo Brunelleschi, Raphael, and Caravaggio.
b. Mona Lisa, Caravaggio, and Jan van Eyck.
c. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.
d. Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and Jean-Antoine Watteau.
c. Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael.
During the Renaissance, oil paints became an important painting media because
a. fresco painting was time-consuming and expensive to produce.
b. they remained wet and workable for days and achieved a new richness in color and depth.
c. aristocrats demanded their portraits be done in oil paint.
d. influential artists like Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci were tired of fresco.
b. they remained wet and workable for days and achieved a new richness in color and depth.
Baroque art is characterized as
a. having emotional appeal, high drama, and strong contrasts of light and dark.
b. emphasizing the leisurely life of the aristocracy.
c. using techniques and styles influenced by Byzantine art.
d. having free graceful movement, delicate colors, and subjects concerned with love and romance.
a. having emotional appeal, high drama, and strong contrasts of light and dark.
Rococo Art in the eighteenth century
a. is characterized by calm, well-balanced compositions of religious subjects.
b. is exemplified by Caravaggio’s The Conversion of St. Paul.
c. was often commissioned by the church and wealthy patrons like the Medici Family.
d. emphasized the leisurely life of the aristocracy.
d. emphasized the leisurely life of the aristocracy.
Impressionism
The Haystack, End of Summer, Givemy by Claude Monet
Realism
The Third of May by Francisco Goya
Neo-Classicism
The Death of Marat by Jacque Louis David
Pointillism
Sunday Afternoon on La Grande Jette by Georges Seurat
Romanticism
Liberty Leading the People by Eugene Delacroix
Post-Impressionism
Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero in “Chilperic” by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
English Landscape Painting
The Dell at Hellingham Park by John Constable
The Impressionists
a. depicted familiar scenes as they appeared in real life.
b. attempted to revive classical styles in unemotional poses.
c. attempted to depict exotic events or subjects with dramatic intensity.
d. attempted to re-create the effect of light on objects.
d. attempted to re-create the effect of light on objects.
Port St. Tropez by Paul Signac is representative of a painting style called
a. Realism.
b. Pointillism.
c. Romanticism.
d. Neo-classicism.
b. Pointillism.
The art movement that borrowed painting techniques of another school but created more expressive, emotional and personal images was
a. Impressionism.
b. Post-Impressionism.
c. Realism.
d. Romanticism.
b. Post-Impressionism.
The “ism” with which Eugene Delacroix is associated is
a. Impressionism.
b. Post-Impressionism.
c. Realism.
d. Romanticism.
d. Romanticism.
The artist who painted many still life paintings of fruit and everyday objects without attempting to create realistic looking subjects was
a. Mary Cassatt.
b. Elisabeth Vigee-Lebrun.
c. Rosa Bonheur.
d. Paul Cezanne.
d. Paul Cezanne.
What technological innovation may have been the inspiration for the Impressionists to capture spontaneous moments from ordinary life in their paintings?
The invention of photography probably inspired artists to begin to visualize their work as “snapshots” of moments in everyday life.
What economic system and technological development led to massive cultural changes that inspired painters in England to begin to focus on aesthetically pleasing outdoor subjects?
The development of the Industrial Revolution and a capitalist market economy increased the size and congestion of urban and suburban areas throughout England, Europe, and America. Some painters felt that this was an unnatural exploitation of natural resources and chose to point out the natural beauty of the environment by painting landscapes. They elevated the landscape painting to the level of serious art for the first time.
What watershed event changed the political system of France forever, officially bringing the Rococo and Baroque eras to an untimely end?
The French Revolution and its subsequent counter-revolutions, coup d’etats, and Napoleon’s imperial aggression and dictatorship brought the frivolity and excess of the French nobility to an end. Artists sought to distance themselves from the work of the Baroque and Rococo periods by searching for new subject matter and new styles and by plumbing the Classical past for art forms that would give them a sense of stability and permanence in a troubled time.
Expressionism is an all-encompassing term used to describe many different schools of art whose practitioners attempt to express their inner feelings or personal vision in a work of art.
True
False
True
Cubism is a style of art in which the subject matter is taken apart into geometric forms and reassembled to create multi-sided and complex images of subjects.
True
False
True
Surrealists portrayed their subjects as flat shapes of color instead of contoured shapes created by gradation of color value.
True
False
False
Marcel Duchamp is considered an artist who worked in both the Dada and Cubist styles.
True
False
True
The Armory Show was the first large exhibition of modern art in Europe.
True
False
False
Regionalist artists worked to depict American scenes and events typical of their geographic regions, seeking to criticize the social conditions of America’s industrialized society.
True
False
True
Frida Kahlo
Surrealism
Grant Wood
Regionalism
Paul Klee
German Expressionism
Henri Matisse
Fauvism
Pablo Picasso
Cubism
Max Ernst
Dadaism
Beginning with the late 1960s through the present day, the ____ movement has evolved into a diverse group of styles and new methods for creating art.
Post-Modern
______ art is usually created as a temporary, conceptual work, often designed for a specific space, created for exhibit only, and then dismantled.
Installation
_____ art moves with the assistance of air currents, wind, motors, or other physical forces.
Kinetic
_____ art is characterized as having a naive simplistic style without following traditional rules of perspective and proportion.
Folk
_____ art began as a response to life in urban environments using symbolism that was meaningful to a specific urban population.
Graffiti
The Los Angeles Municipal Art Gallery Chicanarte exhibit brought attention to the variety of diverse and talented _____ artists.
Chicano
Artists who use electronic or computer media to create, store, manipulate, transfer, and reproduce images are creating _____ art.
Digital
The art movement that promoted the notion that the physical act or process of painting could be a more direct means of expression is called
a. Pop Art.
b. Post-Modern.
c. Abstract Expressionism.
d. Photo-realism.
c. Abstract Expressionism.
Post-Modernism developed as a result of
a. disenchantment with modern technology, mass media culture and the abstraction and formalism of modern abstract expressionism.
b. disenchantment with contemporary Neoclassic styles and techniques.
c. an interest in capturing fine details and realistic lighting to trick viewers into thinking that a work was created through mechanical means.
d. ethnic political and social issues and renewed cross-cultural appreciation that emerged in the late 1960s and early 1970s.
a. disenchantment with modern technology, mass media culture and the abstraction and formalism of modern abstract expressionism.
Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein are considered
a. Photo-realistic artists.
b. Pop Artists.
c. Kitsch Artists.
d. Op Artists.
b. Pop Artists.
Chuck Close is considered a
a. Pop Artist.
b. Surrealist painter.
c. Photo-realistic painter.
d. Color Field painter.
c. Photo-realistic painter.
Jasper Johns
Pop Art
Duane Hanson
Photo-realism
Victor Vasarely
Op Art
Mark Rothko
Color Field Painting
Jackson Pollock
Action Painting
