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Pschology Semster 1 Revison > Exam Revison Semester One > Flashcards

Exam Revison Semester One Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals of Psychology?

A

use a scientific approach to describe, explain, predict and at times influence human behaviors.

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2
Q

List four types of psychologists

A

Sports psychologist
Forensic psychologist
Health psychologist
Environmental psychologist

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3
Q

What does a Sports Psychologist do

A

Focuses on enhancing sporting performance

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4
Q

What does a forensic psychologist do?

A

deals with criminal behavior in legal situations and prisons

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5
Q

What does a Health psychologist do?

A

Deals with health issues and diseases

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6
Q

What is the independent variable (IV)?

A

The factor in the study that the experimenter manipulates in an attempt to influence the outcome of a study.

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7
Q

What is the dependent variable (DV)?

A

the variable that is being measured

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8
Q

What is the Control group?

A

The group of participants who don’t receive the Independent variable.

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9
Q

What is the Experimental group?

A

The group who do receive the independent variable

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10
Q

What are Sampling procedures ?

A

Picking people at random to experiment at random

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11
Q

What is included in a research report?

A

Title, introduction, method, ethical considerations, results, discussion and conclusion.

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12
Q

What are ethical considerations?

A

Ethical considerations are the responsibility of the researcher to protect the participants from harm

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13
Q

List the ethical considerations

A

No lasting harm
Confidentiality- right to privacy
Voluntary participation
Informed consent- must be given details & must agree to participant
Right to withdraw
Minimal deception- minimal research without participants knowing
Debriefing- participants have the right to know the results of the study

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14
Q

DEFINITION: Central nervous system

A

A subdivision of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal column

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15
Q

DEFINITION: Peripheral nervous system

A

A subdivision of the nervous system that contains the autonomic, somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Neurons receive and transmit messages to neighboring neurons.

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17
Q

DEFINITION: axon

A

A cable-like extension from the cell body of a neuron that sends messages to other neurons

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18
Q

DEFINITION: dendrites

A

Branch-like extensions at the front end of the neuron that receive messages from other neurons

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19
Q

DEFINITION: Synapse

A

A small gap between neurons

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20
Q

DEFINITION: Neurotransmitters & example

A

Chemical messengers by the axon that travels across the synapse and deliver messages to neighboring neurons.
Example: dopamine, serotonin

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21
Q

Three types of neurons

A

Motor neurons: carry messages from the central nervous system to different parts of the body
Sensory neurons: carry messages from thesense organs to central nervous system
Inter neurons: are only in the central nervous systems and connect to motor&sensory neurons.

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22
Q

Name the four lobes in the brain and what they do

A

Frontal lobe: thinking, personality, decisions making
Temporal lobe: hearing, understanding of speech
Occipital lobe: visual information
Parietal lobe: touch, pressure, temperature and muscle movement

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23
Q

What are the stages of brain development

A 
Stage 1: 0-10 months 
Stage 2: birth- 6  
Stage 3: 7-22
Stage 4: 23-65
Stage 5: older then 65
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24
Q

What is mental illness?

A

Mental illness can be an indication that the brain is not functioning how it should be

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25
Examples of Brain disorders
- The neurons don’t pass messages effectively - Brain chemicals dont do their job - Trauma or damage could change the way the brain works
26
DEFINITION: neuroplasticity
The lifelong ability of the brain to change and reorganize connections between its neurons
27
What is depression
A common disorder in today’s society which effects a persons mood and makes them loss interests in activities they once loved
28
How to treat depression
Deep brain stimulation or medication
29
What does Dementia do?
Slowly eats away at the brains memory
30
What parts of the brain devolp in adolescence
The prefrontal cortex (frontal lobes) and the amygala (limbic system) devolp during this time.
31
What does the amygala do? And where is it located?
The amygala is located in the limbic system and reads other people’s emotions
32
What does the prefrontal cortex do? And where is it?
The prefrontal cortex controls planning and impulse control and is located in the frontal lobe
33
What is sleep
Sleep is a unique state of awareness
34
What are the 4 stages of sleep (explain)
Stage 1: light sleep, eyes move slowly Stage 2: heart rate & brain waves slow down Stage 3: deep sleep, when sleepwalking/ night terror occurs Stage 4: deep sleep continues
35
What is REM and NREM (explain)
REM: rapid eye movement, when our eyeballs move and when we do most of our dreaming. - relaxed muscles & brainwave activity NREM: non rapid eye movement, regular brain waves
36
Two types of dream theories
Freud’s theory- that every dream represents a wish fulfillment Hobson theory- dreams are the result of random electrical brain impulses.
37
Explain dreams in Mesopotamia
The first dream book was created and dreams were translated by dream priests
38
What are lucid dreams?
When you are asleep but release that you are dreaming, you don’t want to wake up and you find your self being able to control the dream.
39
DEFINITION: biorhythms
An attempt to predict various aspects of a persons life though simple mathematical cycles
40
What is Circadian rhythm?
The sleep wake cycle/ body clock
41
What is the problem with shift work?
The problem with shift work is: - it goes against natural body patterns - slower reactions - judgement is impaired
42
Name & explain the components of emotion
Subjective experience: what we feel Expressive behavior: what others can see Physiological arousal: within our body (changes in heart rate, breathing)
43
Name 4 aspects of communication
Verbal cues, eye contact , gestures & movement , personal space
44
What is positive psychology?
The scientific study of what makes life worth living
45
What does promoting happiness do? And what are ways happiness is promoted?
Promoting happiness makes us feel better about ourselves and is done through “laughing groups,” and meditation groups
46
What does Seligman’s research suggest?
Seligman’s research suggests that we can experience 3 kinds of happiness
47
What are Seligman’s three kinds of happiness? And what do they link to?
) pleasure& gratification 2) embodiment of strengths & virtues 3) meaning & purpose Each kind of happiness links to a positive emotion.
48
What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?
A psychiatrist are trained as medical doctors and can give patients medication a psychologist can’t.
49
What are the functions of the right side of the brain?
Art, creativity, imagination, music and left-hand controls
50
What are the functions of the left side of the brain?
Logic, language, reasoning, science & maths, right-hand controls
51
Name two diseases of the nervous system
Parkinson’s, shingles
52
Name the Theories of emotion
James-Lange Cannon- bard Schachter
53
What is the corpus callosum and it’s role?
A broad band of nerves joining the two hemisphere of the brain. It’s allows communication between both sides of the brain
54
How does the term use it or loss it apply to the brain?
If you don’t challenge your brain with new surprising information, it begins to deteriorate
55
What are the six main universal emotions?
``` Anger Disgust Fear Happiness Sadness Surprise ```
56
Name 4 common dream symbols
Falling Being chased Partner cheating Being pushed
57
What is serotonin?
A compound present in blood palettes
58
What is dopamine ?
Dopamine is used for thinking. | Reduced levels = ADHD
59
Examples caring for the brain
Eating healthy Exercise Sleep
60
What does the hypothalamus do?
Responsible for body temperature
61
What does the cerebral cortex do?
Covers the cerebral, is the most visible part of the brain and is made up of billions of nerves
62
What is the Cerebellum?
Responsible for coordination, balance and movement
63
What is the brain stem?
Functions heartbeat, blood pressure and breathing rates
64
What is the thalamus?
Sensory data

Pschology Semster 1 Revison (1 decks)

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