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Pschology Semster 1 Revison > Exam Revison Semester One > Flashcards

Exam Revison Semester One Flashcards

1
Q

What are the goals of Psychology?

A

use a scientific approach to describe, explain, predict and at times influence human behaviors.

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2
Q

List four types of psychologists

A

Sports psychologist
Forensic psychologist
Health psychologist
Environmental psychologist

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3
Q

What does a Sports Psychologist do

A

Focuses on enhancing sporting performance

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4
Q

What does a forensic psychologist do?

A

deals with criminal behavior in legal situations and prisons

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5
Q

What does a Health psychologist do?

A

Deals with health issues and diseases

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6
Q

What is the independent variable (IV)?

A

The factor in the study that the experimenter manipulates in an attempt to influence the outcome of a study.

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7
Q

What is the dependent variable (DV)?

A

the variable that is being measured

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8
Q

What is the Control group?

A

The group of participants who don’t receive the Independent variable.

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9
Q

What is the Experimental group?

A

The group who do receive the independent variable

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10
Q

What are Sampling procedures ?

A

Picking people at random to experiment at random

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11
Q

What is included in a research report?

A

Title, introduction, method, ethical considerations, results, discussion and conclusion.

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12
Q

What are ethical considerations?

A

Ethical considerations are the responsibility of the researcher to protect the participants from harm

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13
Q

List the ethical considerations

A

No lasting harm
Confidentiality- right to privacy
Voluntary participation
Informed consent- must be given details & must agree to participant
Right to withdraw
Minimal deception- minimal research without participants knowing
Debriefing- participants have the right to know the results of the study

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14
Q

DEFINITION: Central nervous system

A

A subdivision of the nervous system that contains the brain and spinal column

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15
Q

DEFINITION: Peripheral nervous system

A

A subdivision of the nervous system that contains the autonomic, somatic, sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

What do neurons do?

A

Neurons receive and transmit messages to neighboring neurons.

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17
Q

DEFINITION: axon

A

A cable-like extension from the cell body of a neuron that sends messages to other neurons

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18
Q

DEFINITION: dendrites

A

Branch-like extensions at the front end of the neuron that receive messages from other neurons

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19
Q

DEFINITION: Synapse

A

A small gap between neurons

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20
Q

DEFINITION: Neurotransmitters & example

A

Chemical messengers by the axon that travels across the synapse and deliver messages to neighboring neurons.
Example: dopamine, serotonin

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21
Q

Three types of neurons

A

Motor neurons: carry messages from the central nervous system to different parts of the body
Sensory neurons: carry messages from thesense organs to central nervous system
Inter neurons: are only in the central nervous systems and connect to motor&sensory neurons.

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22
Q

Name the four lobes in the brain and what they do

A

Frontal lobe: thinking, personality, decisions making
Temporal lobe: hearing, understanding of speech
Occipital lobe: visual information
Parietal lobe: touch, pressure, temperature and muscle movement

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23
Q

What are the stages of brain development

A 
Stage 1: 0-10 months 
Stage 2: birth- 6  
Stage 3: 7-22
Stage 4: 23-65
Stage 5: older then 65
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24
Q

What is mental illness?

A

Mental illness can be an indication that the brain is not functioning how it should be

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25
Q

Examples of Brain disorders

A
  • The neurons don’t pass messages effectively
  • Brain chemicals dont do their job
  • Trauma or damage could change the way the brain works
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26
Q

DEFINITION: neuroplasticity

A

The lifelong ability of the brain to change and reorganize connections between its neurons

27
Q

What is depression

A

A common disorder in today’s society which effects a persons mood and makes them loss interests in activities they once loved

28
Q

How to treat depression

A

Deep brain stimulation or medication

29
Q

What does Dementia do?

A

Slowly eats away at the brains memory

30
Q

What parts of the brain devolp in adolescence

A

The prefrontal cortex (frontal lobes) and the amygala (limbic system) devolp during this time.

31
Q

What does the amygala do? And where is it located?

A

The amygala is located in the limbic system and reads other people’s emotions

32
Q

What does the prefrontal cortex do? And where is it?

A

The prefrontal cortex controls planning and impulse control and is located in the frontal lobe

33
Q

What is sleep

A

Sleep is a unique state of awareness

34
Q

What are the 4 stages of sleep (explain)

A

Stage 1: light sleep, eyes move slowly
Stage 2: heart rate & brain waves slow down
Stage 3: deep sleep, when sleepwalking/ night terror occurs
Stage 4: deep sleep continues

35
Q

What is REM and NREM (explain)

A

REM: rapid eye movement, when our eyeballs move and when we do most of our dreaming.
- relaxed muscles & brainwave activity
NREM: non rapid eye movement, regular brain waves

36
Q

Two types of dream theories

A

Freud’s theory- that every dream represents a wish fulfillment
Hobson theory- dreams are the result of random electrical brain impulses.

37
Q

Explain dreams in Mesopotamia

A

The first dream book was created and dreams were translated by dream priests

38
Q

What are lucid dreams?

A

When you are asleep but release that you are dreaming, you don’t want to wake up and you find your self being able to control the dream.

39
Q

DEFINITION: biorhythms

A

An attempt to predict various aspects of a persons life though simple mathematical cycles

40
Q

What is Circadian rhythm?

A

The sleep wake cycle/ body clock

41
Q

What is the problem with shift work?

A

The problem with shift work is:

  • it goes against natural body patterns
  • slower reactions
  • judgement is impaired
42
Q

Name & explain the components of emotion

A

Subjective experience: what we feel
Expressive behavior: what others can see
Physiological arousal: within our body (changes in heart rate, breathing)

43
Q

Name 4 aspects of communication

A

Verbal cues, eye contact , gestures & movement , personal space

44
Q

What is positive psychology?

A

The scientific study of what makes life worth living

45
Q

What does promoting happiness do? And what are ways happiness is promoted?

A

Promoting happiness makes us feel better about ourselves and is done through “laughing groups,” and meditation groups

46
Q

What does Seligman’s research suggest?

A

Seligman’s research suggests that we can experience 3 kinds of happiness

47
Q

What are Seligman’s three kinds of happiness? And what do they link to?

A

) pleasure& gratification

2) embodiment of strengths & virtues
3) meaning & purpose

Each kind of happiness links to a positive emotion.

48
Q

What is the difference between a psychiatrist and a psychologist?

A

A psychiatrist are trained as medical doctors and can give patients medication a psychologist can’t.

49
Q

What are the functions of the right side of the brain?

A

Art, creativity, imagination, music and left-hand controls

50
Q

What are the functions of the left side of the brain?

A

Logic, language, reasoning, science & maths, right-hand controls

51
Q

Name two diseases of the nervous system

A

Parkinson’s, shingles

52
Q

Name the Theories of emotion

A

James-Lange
Cannon- bard
Schachter

53
Q

What is the corpus callosum and it’s role?

A

A broad band of nerves joining the two hemisphere of the brain. It’s allows communication between both sides of the brain

54
Q

How does the term use it or loss it apply to the brain?

A

If you don’t challenge your brain with new surprising information, it begins to deteriorate

55
Q

What are the six main universal emotions?

A 
Anger 
Disgust 
Fear
Happiness 
Sadness 
Surprise
56
Q

Name 4 common dream symbols

A

Falling
Being chased
Partner cheating
Being pushed

57
Q

What is serotonin?

A

A compound present in blood palettes

58
Q

What is dopamine ?

A

Dopamine is used for thinking.

Reduced levels = ADHD

59
Q

Examples caring for the brain

A

Eating healthy
Exercise
Sleep

60
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

Responsible for body temperature

61
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

Covers the cerebral, is the most visible part of the brain and is made up of billions of nerves

62
Q

What is the Cerebellum?

A

Responsible for coordination, balance and movement

63
Q

What is the brain stem?

A

Functions heartbeat, blood pressure and breathing rates

64
Q

What is the thalamus?

A

Sensory data

Pschology Semster 1 Revison (1 decks)

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