Exam revision (semester 2 content) Flashcards
Describe the process of urbanisation
The increasing percentage or proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. Typically involves the movement or shift of people from rural to urban areas.
Globally, 57% in urban areas, up from 30% in 1950.
Describe the concept of liveability
Liveability is the quality of space and the built environment. The concept of liveability has been linked to a range of factors, for example, quality of life, health, and sense of safety.
E.g., Tokyo, 7th most liveable city (2023), low crime rate (approximately 1.5 per 100,000 people).
Age and gender
Outline the changing demographic characteristics
Ageing population due to low fertility and increasing life expectancy. People aged 20 to 49 become the largest group in cities. While 50 to 85+ retire and move to rural areas.
E.g., Southern Highlands on the NSW coast, a popular retirement destination.
Socioeconomic
Outline the changing demographic characteristics
Higher socioeconomic status in cities due to employment. Rural areas generally lower income. Decline in employment associated with mining boom affected incomes.
E.g., Marble Bar, where median weekly household income fell from $1410 in 2016 to $1035 in 2021.
Cultural distributions
Outline the changing demographic characteristics
Increasing proportion of the population born overseas, particularly Asian nations, while those born in New Zealand and European countries are decreasing.
As of the 2021 Census, approximately 30% of Australia’s population was born overseas, compared to 26% in 2011.
Urban sprawl
The outward spread of typically low density residential and urban development on the periphery of urban areas. To accommodate a growing population.
Perth, spreading approximately 150km along the coast with average resident 21km away from CBD.
Invasion and succession
The gradual invasion of one land use type into an area dominated by a different land use. When the invading land use has succeeded/transformed the land use in that particular zone. In IMZ and RUF.
Gradual conversion of agricultural activities into residential or industrial functions. E.g., Lansdale and Baldivis.
Renewal
The rehabilitation of urban areas, by regeneration, replacement, or renovation. With comprehensive plans, typically larger scale redevelopment projects, usually initiated by government.
East Perth Redevelopment Authority 1991. Transformation from urban blight into upmarket residential area.
Land use planning
Planning policies and regulations that play role in shaping the land uses and characteristics of urban and rural places. Includes determining residential densities, planning for future growth.
Perth and Peel @ 3.5 million, land use planning and infrastructure frameworks aim to accommodate 3.5 million people by 2050.
Land use competition
Competition that occurs between different land use functions when more than one land use can benefit from a particular location. Increases land value.
CBD has the most intensive land use with many high-rise buildings maximising their returns.
Inertia
Inertia is a pocess that acts to limit change within an urban or rural area. Older buildings remain in their place due to high relocation cost or significance.
E.g. Treasury - historical significance. Currently luxury COMO The Treasury hotel, dining, event space.
Agglomeration
A group of similar, but not necessarily the same, land uses that locate in the same area in order to benefit from common infrastructure and each other’s operation.
E.g., high-end retailers such as luxury department stores, David Jones and Myer, locate close to each other (Murray St).
