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Psychology Unit 1 > Exam Revision (Questions) > Flashcards

Exam Revision (Questions) Flashcards

Revise for end of Semester exam

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1
Q

Identify the 5 Classic Perspectives of Psychology

A

Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalysis, Behaviourism, and Humanism

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2
Q

Identify the 4 Contemporary Perspectives of Psychology

A

Biological, Behavioural, Cognitive and Socio-cultural Perspective.

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3
Q

Wundt’s theory on consciousness is a type of what Classic Perspective

A

Structuralism

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4
Q

Carl Rogers rejected psychoanalysis theory, and developed a theory which emphasised on free will under which Classic Perspective

A

Humanism

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5
Q

Define Psychology

A

scientific study of behaviour and mental processes in humans

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6
Q

Explain observable verse non-observable in reference to Behaviour and Mental Processes.

A

Behaviour is observable action made by a human, like walking, blinking, eating etc. Whereas, Mental Processes are a humans thoughts and feelings that are personal and cannot be directly observed, for example: thinking, remembering, interpreting etc.

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7
Q

Identify 2 differences and 2 similarities between a psychologist and psychiatrist.

A

(multiple responses)

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8
Q

Identify and Explain a profession available within Psychology

A

(multiple responses)

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9
Q

Identify the 3 significant development that Gazzaniga gained from Split Braid.

A

Understanding about brain chemistry, understanding influences on genes and development of technology.

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10
Q

What are neurotransmitters?

A

they communicate messages between the nerve cells within the brain and the rest of the nervous system.

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11
Q

Explain how the Skinner Box demonstrates Operant Conditioning.

A

Operant conditioning aims at using rewards and punishment to shape, maintain and change an individuals Behaviour. Skinner Box using food to reward the mouse for hitting the lever, and gave an electric shock to punish the mouse for eating which lead to the mouse to stop.

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12
Q

Socio-cultural Perspective explores

A

how society and culture influences our human behaviour and mental processes

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13
Q

What is pseudoscience?

A

is a ‘fake’ science; used to explain human thoughts, feelings and behaviours, that are not scientific based approaches.

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14
Q

Identify the 7 steps involved in Psychological Research.

A
  1. Identify the research problem. 2. Construct Hypothesis. 3. Designing the method. 4. Collecting the data. 5. Analysing the data. 6. Interpreting the Data. 7. Reporting the research findings.
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15
Q

What is Independent Variable?

A

It is the variable in the experiment which is manipulated or changed.

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16
Q

What is a Dependent Variable?

A

Is the variable that is used to observe and measure the effects of the IV.

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17
Q

An Extraneous Variable is ….

A

a variable other than the IV that can cause a change in the DV.

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18
Q

Qualitative Data is ….

A

QUALITIES or characteristics being studied

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19
Q

Quantitative Data is …

A

numerical information on the QUANTITY or amount being studied

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20
Q

What is the role of the experimenter?

A

wellbeing of participant is main concern and participants are not placed at risk of injury or harm in any way.

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21
Q

What are the participants rights?

A

Confidentiality, Voluntary Participants, Withdrawal Rights, Informed Consent Procedures, Deception and Debriefing

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22
Q

What are the characteristics of Visual Perception System?

A

Reception, Transduction, Transmissing, Organisation and Interpretation

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23
Q

What is the Gestalt Principle?

A

ways we organise the features of a visual scene by grouping them to perceive a whole, complete form.

24
Q

What is Depth Principle?

A

using external cues or internal cues to help us to perceive how far away objects are and therefore to perceive depth.

25
Q

What is Perceptual Constancies?

A

the tendency to perceive an object as remaining stable and unchanging (‘constant’) despite any changes that may occur to the image cast onto the retina.

26
Q

What factors influence Perceptual Set?

A

Context, Motivation, Emotional State, Past Experience and Cultural Factors

27
Q

What is a Visual Illusion?

A

Misinterpretation (distortion or mistake) of real sensory information.

28
Q

Explain how the Muller-Lyer Illusion is an Illusion.

A

When viewed the Muller-Lyer Illusion looks as though the verticle lines are of different length. We perceive this because of the configuration of the lines.

29
Q

Briefly explain the Ames Room Illusion.

A

Involves trapezium shaped room that is longer and higher on one side (right) than the other. When viewed through a peep-hole using monocular (one eye) vision.

30
Q

Life-span Development has been defined as ….

A

age-related changes that occur from birth, throughout a person’s life, into and during old age.

31
Q

What are the 6 stages of the lifespan and relevant ages?

A

Infancy (Birth - 2 years); Childhood (2 - 10 years); Adolescence (10 - 20 years); Early Adulthood (20 - 40 years); Middle Age (40 - 65 years); Older Age (65+)

32
Q

What are the 4 areas of Lifespan Development

A

Physical Development (changes in body and various systems); Social (changes in relationships and developing interaction skills); Cognitive (changes in mental abilities); and Emotional (changes in how emotions are felt, expressed, interpreted and dealt with).

33
Q

What explanations have been given to explain how development proceeds?

A

Continuous vs. discontinuous development (what is this?); Sequential nature of development; Individual differences in development.

34
Q

What does Nature vs. Nurture stand for?

A

Nature = Heredity (genetics); Nurture = Environment (upbringing)

35
Q

What are Longitudinal Studies?

A

long-term investigation that follows the same group (or groups) of people over an extended period of time, observing any changes in their thoughts, feelings and/or behaviour that occur at different ages.

36
Q

What is Cross-Sectional Studies?

A

selects and compares groups of participants of different ages over a short period of time.

37
Q

What are Twin Studies?

A

research using identical and non-identical twins as participants.

38
Q

What are Adoption Studies?

A

children who have been adopted, and therefore have no genetic similarity to their adopted parents, to learn about the influence of heredity and environment on development

39
Q

Briefly explain one of these psychological Development Theories (Percpetual, Emotional, Moral and Psychosocial Development).

A

(Multiple responses)

40
Q

What area of psychology was Piaget’s Theory relevant to?

A

Cognitive Development.

41
Q

What are the four stages of Piaget’s Theory?

A

Sensorimotor Stage (0 to 2 years); Pre-operational Stage (2 to 7 years); Concrete Operational Stage (7 to 12 years); and Formal Operational Stage (12 years +)

42
Q

Baltes’ developed a theory on Successful Ageing. What was his thoughts on how to successfully age?

A

(Multiple responses)

43
Q

What are the three stages and what do they involved?

A

Selection (Reduce the number of goals they try to achieve, then prioritise the goals.); Optimisation (Involves making the most of the abilities, resources and opportunities available to achieve the optimal or best outcome.); and Compensation (To maintain a productive life, they need to develop new strategies to compensate for each of their losses.)

44
Q

What is a mental illness?

A

A psychological dysfunction experience by an individual which usually involves distress, impairment in the ability to cope with everyday life, and thoughts, feelings and/or behaviour that are not typical of the person of appropriate within their society and/or culture.

45
Q

What are the three levels of mental health state?

A

mentally healthy, mental health problem, mental illness

46
Q

If I have these on their own, they are not classified as being a mental illness, but all together and the individual will be classified as having a mental illness.

A

psychological dysfunction, distress, impaired functioning and atypical features.

47
Q

Outline the difference between psychotic verse non-psychotic.

A

Psychotic individuals have loss contact with reality; whereas, non-psychotic people are able to maintain connection with reality.

48
Q

What is the DSM-IV-TR?

A

This book provides a system for classifying mental disorders based on recognisable symptoms that are precisely described.

49
Q

Identify positives and negatives with labelling someone with a mental illness.

A

Positive - enable professionals to provide required assistance, enables professionals in discussions to be aware of what they are discussing and allows clarification in journal articles/research.
Negatives - influence how individual thinks and feels about themselves and how the community sees them; misunderstandings and create bias perceptions.

50
Q

What is a mental illness?

A

A psychological dysfunction experience by an individual which usually involves distress, impairment in the ability to cope with everyday life, and thoughts, feelings and/or behaviour that are not typical of the person of appropriate within their society and/or culture.

51
Q

What are the three levels of mental health state?

A

mentally healthy, mental health problem, mental illness

52
Q

If I have these on their own, they are not classified as being a mental illness, but all together and the individual will be classified as having a mental illness.

A

psychological dysfunction, distress, impaired functioning and atypical features.

53
Q

Outline the difference between psychotic verse non-psychotic.

A

Psychotic individuals have loss contact with reality; whereas, non-psychotic people are able to maintain connection with reality.

54
Q

What is the DSM-IV-TR?

A

This book provides a system for classifying mental disorders based on recognisable symptoms that are precisely described.

55
Q

Identify positives and negatives with labelling someone with a mental illness.

A

Positive - enable professionals to provide required assistance, enables professionals in discussions to be aware of what they are discussing and allows clarification in journal articles/research.
Negatives - influence how individual thinks and feels about themselves and how the community sees them; misunderstandings and create bias perceptions.

Psychology Unit 1 (3 decks)

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