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VETS90123 APS > Exam revision questions > Flashcards

Exam revision questions Flashcards

1
Q

Which region (North or South) is likely to have a beef enterprise with their caving commencing in November each year

A

Northern Australia (Winter rainfall)

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2
Q

Which region (North or south) is likely to have Bos indicus type cattle?

A

Northern Australia (better heat adapted breed)

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3
Q

Which region (North or south) is likely to find a beef enterprise calving cattle in August?

A

Southern Australia (Spring calving is ideal as pasture is lush)

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4
Q

What is the PRIMARY driver of management calendar scheduling on a self replacing beef farm?

A

Joining date (bulls added to cows)

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5
Q

Critical mating weight for beef cattle is achieved when the average animals in the group reach what percentage of their adult weight?

A

60-65%

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6
Q

The optimal position for vaccination of beef cattle is:

A

High on the neck to avoid traces in carcass

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7
Q

The fat score of a beef animal is measured at:

A

Rump and rib

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8
Q

If a steer was 500kg live weight and a fat score 3 which market are they most likely to be destined for if they are being sent to an abattoir

A

Supermarket

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9
Q

The most common Bos indicus type cattle you are likely to find in Australia are

A

Brahman

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10
Q

Brangus cow (Brahman x angus) is likely to be ____ in colour with/without horns

A

Black in colour without horns

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11
Q

Which part of Australia do most live cattle exports originate from?

A

North - Live cattle export occurs out of Darwin Port (north, sheep live export mainly from
Fremantle (west)

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12
Q

An Australian beef cow in a condition score half way through the scoring system (not thin and not fat) would be in condition score:

A

3

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13
Q

If a farmer wants to transition beef castle from grass to a predominantly grain ration approximately how long should this take?

A

4 weeks

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14
Q

If a non-lactating beef cow is grazing green, improved pasture how many centimeters tall should it be to ensure she is maintaining her weight?

A

3cm

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15
Q

Which of the following castration methods would be most appropriate and common for a four month old calf?

A

knife castration with emasculator

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16
Q

If you join a Hereford cow to a black Angus bull the progeny will be

A

Black with a white face

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17
Q

Compared to the USA, how does Australia compare with respect to the percentage of the national cattle herd based on dairy and beef genetics and what percentage of beef is exported?

A

Australia has higher % beef exported, similar beef cattle % of total national herd

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18
Q

In what state of Australia would you find the most beef cattle and what type of beef cattle are they most likely to be?

A

Queensland, Bos Indicus

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19
Q

A standard dressing percentage for 2 year old steer carcasses at an abattoir is likely to be:

A

50-55%

Dressing percentage (also known as yield) = (carcass weight/ live weight)x100
“Dressing percentage of premium animals is mostly 50-55% whereas animals in lighter condition such as cull cows that have a low muscle score are likely to be under 50%.” - in Lecture “Management Procedures on a Beef Farm”

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20
Q

Which region (North or south) is likely to have Merino sheep enterprise with lambing in June?

A

South west Australia (sheep wheat zone)

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21
Q

Which of the following is a critical measure to ensure optimal weaner survival in a Merino sheep enterprise?

A

Weaner body weight and growth rate

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22
Q

Vermont Merino is bred for

A

skin wrinkles therefore greater fibre yield per animal

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23
Q

The general trend in Australian sheep flock for the past 20 years is:

A

Increased lamb turnoff,
Decreased flock size

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24
Q

Which sheep are you most likely to find a small metal ear tag

A

stud merino ram

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25
Q

Rank the export value ($) of beef, lamb, mutton and goat meat to Australia

A
  1. beef
  2. lamb
  3. mutton
  4. goat
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26
Q

If we want lambing in a prime lamb enterprise to occur in March the rams should be put in the ewe paddock in

A

october (Gestation period of sheep: 152 days (5 months))

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27
Q

Which of the following procedures best matches those commonly conducted at lamb marking in a self-replacing Merino enterprise in Victoria

A

Ear tagging, vaccination, castration, tail docking, mulesing

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28
Q

A sheep enterprise is concerned about blowfly (Lucilia cuprina). In what season is risk greatest when they are likely to need to commence using preventive therapy to slow covert strike?

A

spring

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29
Q

When would you recommend checking Faecal Egg Count in sheep and cattle enterprises?

A

In sheep, weaners and animals that are more than 12 months of age. In cattle, animals less than 12 months old.

30
Q

What is the average time after birth that a Merino lamb would have its tail docked presuming the flock has a five week joining period?

A

5 weeks

31
Q

What produce does Saxon Merino sheep known for

A

Fine wool

32
Q

Which animal of a sheep farm is likely to be the last one sold from a farm during a drought (ie the one a farm manager will most want to retain)?

A

2 yo merino ewe

33
Q

Crutching is a common procedure conducted in sheep enterprises. When is this procedure commonly conducted and why?

A

Crutching is conducted post weaning and the purpose is to remove ‘dags’, which are clumps of wool stained with faeces and urine
Late winter/spring

34
Q

Ewes or wethers grow more wool?

A

wehers

35
Q

A property lambs 200 ewes once a year. Assume all ewes produce 1 lamb per year (1:1 male:female) which all survive. Rams are purchased from a nearby stud. If the property wants to replace 25% of the ewes per year, how many male (wether) and female (ewe) lambs will be available to sell?

A

50 ewes and 100 wethers

36
Q

In an autumn-lambing Merino flock, the rams are put in with the ewes for 5 weeks
from November 1st. When will the last lambs be born?

A

Early/mid may

37
Q

Typical lactation for an Australian dairy cow is

A

300 days

38
Q

If a Victorian dairy farmer is selling a bobby calf which of the following is likely to be
sold as a bobby calf?

A

6 days old male Fresian calf

39
Q

What percentage of mature bodyweight should a dairy heifer be when she calves for the first time?

A

85%

40
Q

How frequently are adult dairy cattle (4-8 year old) wormed for internal roundworm parasites?

A

Only if problem identified

41
Q

Which of the following answers best reflects how much colostrum should be given to a Friesian dairy calf after birth?

A

4L within 6 hours of birth

42
Q

Breeds of dairy cattle on AUS dairy farm

A

Brown Swiss, Aussie red, Jersey, Fresian holstein

43
Q

Which of the following ages is the ideal time for a dairy cow to give birth in a temperate Australian dairy production system?

A

24 months

44
Q

If a dairy farm was not using artificial insemination, how many bulls should they have to mate per 100 cows?

A

6 (3 bulls/100 cows if AI is used, 4 bulls/100 cows if herd was sychronised)

45
Q

What reason best describes why it may be more difficult to match a beef cattle reproduction system with a relatively short grass growing season as compared to a Merino sheep enterprise?

A

Longer gestation and lactation length of cattle

46
Q

NLIS year tag colour 2020-222

A

Purple - 2020
Yellow - 2021
Red - 2022
Blue - 2023
Black - 2024

47
Q

Which scenario would most likely use paint branding of livestock?

A

Cattle at saleyard

48
Q

The term gross margin is defined by?

A

Income less variable costs

49
Q

Frame score

A

overall size of beef cattle = hip height vs age of animal
Older cow will have higher frame score and DSE requireent
Late maturing cow will have higher frame score therefore unlikely to put enough weight for selling

50
Q

The integration of cropping and livestock enterprises can allow increased production. This can occur due to

A

Grazing crops during winter and summer

51
Q

A property in Australia has the temperature as shown on graph. All months of the year receive at least 40mm of rainfall on average with the dominant rainfall from October to March averaging at least 60mm in each of those months. Which of the following months is optimal for joining a self replacing herd of Angus cows on this property?

A

December

52
Q

events of a reproductive cycle in the correct order?

A

Parturition, lactation commences, return to oestrous, joining, gestation

53
Q

Which of the following seasons has the most consistent pasture growth in SE
Australia (ie most commonly the same amount)?

A

Winter

54
Q

Which feed type is harvested earliest in season

A

Silage

55
Q

Which of the following pieces of information MUST be printed on a National Livestock Identification Scheme ear tag?

A

Property ID code

56
Q

Digestibility of a plant in its late flowering stage is approx

A

55-60%

57
Q

Closest % to the likely DM % of a cereal grain that is fed to livestock

A

90%

58
Q

What is a trace element

A

Selenium

59
Q

An enterprise near Wangaratta in south eastern Australia averages 600mm rainfall per year. Generally the rain starts falling in late April or May and rains reduce by about November in most years. The enterprise manages Merino sheep and cattle. How many 45 kilogram Merino wethers can the enterprise run per hectare in winter? If it is useful the French equation is included below:
FRENCH model: SR = 1.3 * (R -250) /25

A

18.7

60
Q

An enterprise near averages 400mm rainfall per year. Generally the rain starts falling in and rains reduce by about November in most years. The enterprise manages Merino sheep and cattle. How many 45 kilogram Merino wethers can the enterprise run per hectare in winter? If it is useful the French equation is included below:
FRENCH model: SR = 1.3 * (R -250) /25

A

8

61
Q

Which of the following four feeds is cheaper per MJ?
- Wheat is about $310 per tonne and 13 MJ ME/kgDM at 90% Dry Matter
- Barley $290 a tonne and11.5 MJ ME/kgDM at 90% Dry matter
- Lupins $450 a tonne and 12.5 MJ ME/kgDM at 90% Dry matter
- Silage $300 a tonne and 9 MJ ME/kgDM at 50% Dry matter

A

Wheat

62
Q

If 1000 45 kilogram Merino wethers are put into a 10 hectare paddock that has 2 tonnes of dry matter per hectare and the wethers are eating 1 kg of dry matter per animal per day with pasture growing at 50 kgDM/ha per day how long can the mob stay in the paddock for if they should be moved when the paddock is 1500kgDM/ha?

A

10 days

Amount eaten per day = 1000 kgDM
Amount grown per day = 50 x 10 = 500 kgDM
Loss of pasture = (1000 - 500) / 10 = 50 kgDM / ha / day Amount to be eaten = 2000 - 1500 = 500
Number of days = 500 / 50 = 10 days

63
Q

In which industry is heat detection (oestrous detection) commonly performed by the farmer?

A

Dairy cattle

64
Q

In a spring with much lower than average rainfall a farmer needs to wean prime lambs as soon as possible. If the 5 week joining period lasted until 30th April, what is the earliest weaning can occur?

A

Early November

65
Q

A dairy farmer will artificially inseminate (AI) their cows for two cycles as they naturally come into heat. After the end of the AI period they will put bulls in with the cows for two further cycles. They will begin AI on 15th October. What
month will the bulls be removed from the cows?

A

Jan

66
Q

A dairy farmer will artificially inseminate (AI) their cows for two cycles as they naturally come into heat. After the end of the AI period they will put bulls in with the cows for two further cycles. They will begin AI on 15th October. What month will the first calves be born?

A

August

67
Q

On a property producing prime lambs, the farmer wants to wean when the oldest lambs are 16 weeks old. If joining started on March 25th and lasted 5 weeks, what month would the paddock need to be ready for the weaners?

A

December

68
Q

If a fully-grown beef cow weighs approximately 500kg, what is the average weight a group of heifers should be at first joining?

A

300kg

69
Q

A sheep farmer puts rams in with the ewes on 20th March. What month will marking take place?

A

October

70
Q

A farmer new to raising sheep asks your advice about weaning Merino lambs in a year of average rainfall and feed availability. The first lambs were born on September 2nd after a 5 week joining period. Given that the conversation occurs in early October, what would be appropriate advice in this situation?

A

Wean the lambs 12 weeks after the start of lambing when the ewe’s milk supply will start to decrease

71
Q

In Western Australia, which of the following zones occupies the largest area?

A

Pastoral Area

VETS90123 APS (2 decks)

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