Exam revision Flashcards
Is type 2 diabetes a medical condition that is insulin- dependent?
No, as type 2 diabetes cause glucose to not be taken in by the cells. It’s insulin resistant. It causes glucose to stay in the blood stream and causes hyperglycaemia.
What are the 5 key components of a warm up?
What are their physical benefits?
Pulse raiser- increases heart rate, body temperature and blood flow so increasing the oxygen supply to the muscles.
Mobility- takes the joints through their full range of motion. Increases the range of motion of joints and muscles.
Dynamic movements- change in speed or direction. Increases agility.
Stretching- activities that help to extend and lengthen the muscles. Increases flexibility.
Skill rehearsal- Practise skills and movement patterns used in the game. Eg, passing drill in netball. Improves performance and technique.
What are acute injuries?
Injuries that occur due to sudden impact and trauma to the body.
Name 5 examples of an acute injury?
Fracture abrasion contusion concussion blister
How does the type of activity influence the risk of injury?
Contact sports produce much more physical contact such as tackling, therefore increasing the risk of injury.
How does equipment influence the risk of injury?
Protective- This equipment must be worn and is designed to help reduce the risk of injury. For example, helmets absorb some of the impact when falling, reducing the severity of the injury.
Performance- Is needed to play the sport. Poor quality performance equipment can lead to injury. For example, poor quality cricket bats may break easily when striking a ball which could cause injury to a player.
Correct clothing/ Footwear- Needs to be appropriate for the activity. Eg, wearing football boots on a muddy pitch creates a better grip on the ground, reducing the risk of falling over or slipping.
How does environment influence the risk of injury?
Weather- If it’s too hot, a player could get heat stroke, causing injury.
Playing surface- If the playing surface is too dry, a player is much more likely to get an abrasion if they fall over. If it’s waterlogged, a player is much more likely to slip an d injure themselves.
How does coaching/ supervision influence the risk of injury?
Ineffective communication skills- If a coach doesn’t properly instruct a player, the player may become confused and therefore makes bad decisions. For example, they may do a late tackle in football, causing injury.
Poor techniques- If a player is taught the incorrect technique, they are likely to apply this to a game, causing injury for themselves or the opponent. For example, a coach may demonstrate a tackle of which is too high in rugby, and should a player repeats this, someone could get injured.
Adhere to rules and regulations- Rules and regulation are designed to ensure the safety of a player. If a coach encourages to not do so, the risk of injury is much greater as the way the players play will become more dangerous.
How do Safety hazards influence the risk of injury?
Risk assessments- Prior to the activity- completed to help minimise the risk of injury and help to determine the probability of an accident occurring. They also help to identify who is at risk and the probability of an accident occurring is measured on scale of low, medium or high.
Name 8 individual variables that influence the risk of injury and describe them.
Gender- Men tend to be physically stronger than women so they should not play contact sports together. These should be played separately.
Age - ‘balanced’ competition based on age. Some sports eg, boxing has a minimum age limit for contact .
Younger- bones not fully ossified so therefore weaker and more susceptible to injury. Should play with or against the same age group.
Older- Potentially, bones more susceptible to fractures as bones become brittle (osteoporosis).
Flexibility- Lack of flexibility can lead to muscular strain and the tearing of the muscles.
Sleep- Lack of sleep means that the body hasn’t been able to fully recover, therefore increasing the risk of injury.
Previous injuries- Can re-occur. Leaves surrounding muscles weak from reversibility. Need to fully build muscular strength again in areas.
Name and describe 3 physical preparation factors that can influence the risk of injury?
Training- an individual MUST train for an activity. If not, player will fatigue more easily and becomes more susceptible to injury.
Warm up and cool down- Ensures body is fully prepared for activity, decreasing the risk of injury.
Fitness levels- If you’re fitter, you are less likely to suffer an injury within a game. However, this can lead to overuse and muscle imbalances. One muscle becomes stronger than the other, so one side tightens whilst the other becomes weaker due to the lack of use.
What are the 3 main intrinsic psychological factors?
Motivation
Aggression
Arousal/ anxiety
How does motivation influence the risk of injury?
Low motivation= lower concentration levels which could get you injured, especially in contact sports.
Higher motivation= better performance, decreasing the risk of injury.
How does aggression influence the risk of injury?
High aggression levels= make poor decisions on pitch which could injure yourself or others. (eg, tackling at the wrong time in rugby).
How do arousal/ anxiety levels influence the risk of injury?
Low arousal levels= not concentrating therefore could get hurt when performing a rugby tackle.
High arousal levels= making poor decisions such as late tackles in football
