Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSYC1001 > Exam Revision > Flashcards

Exam Revision Flashcards

1
Q

What is the conceptual definition of intelligence?

A

The ability to learn from experience, solve problems and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of intelligence?

A
  • Abstract thinking/reasoning abilities
  • Problem-solving abilities
  • Capacity to acquire knowledge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Outline Simon and Binet’s contributions to intelligence.

A
  • Aimed to identify children who needed help at school
  • Assumed that intelligence underlies reasoning, thinking and problem solving
  • Developed a set of age-graded intellectual tasks in which mental age was compared to chronological age
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Outline Goddard’s contributions to intelligence.

A
  • Took Binet’s test to US to identify mentally retarded children
  • Viewed intelligence as a fixed entity
  • Argued that feeblemindedness ran in families
  • Used test to screen potential immigrants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Outline Terman’s contributions to intelligence.

A
  • Developed Stanford-Binet scale
  • IQ = (MA / CA) x 100, where 100 is normal intelligence
  • Used currently (SB5), measuring fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing and working memory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is IQ now calculated?

A

In relation to norms of performance of other individuals of the same age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Outline Wechsler’s contributions to intelligence.

A
  • Believed intelligence was the global capacity of a person to act purposefully, think rationally and deal effectively with their environment
  • Designed Wechsler tests
  • Improved old tests by including both verbal and non-verbal subtests, placing less emphasis on cultural knowledge and being more specific, with subtests scored separately
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does WAIS-IV give scores for?

A
  • Overall IQ
  • Verbal comprehension index (VCI)
  • Perceptual reasoning index (PRI)
  • Working memory index (WMI)
  • Processing speed index (PSI)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does WISC-V give scores for?

A
  • Overall IQ
  • Verbal comprehension
  • Visual-spatial abilities
  • Fluid reasoning
  • Working memory
  • Processing speed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Discuss the reliability and validity of IQ tests.

A
  • Reliability is not good before age 7 but consistent for teenagers and adults
  • Good validity when predicting school or occupational success, but should not be used to predict irregular areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What other factors need to be taken into account when considering scores from IQ tests?

A
  • Cultural factors

- Context, for example: anxiety, fatigue, testing environment, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is eugenics?

A

The idea that children with lower IQs are genetically inferior, and that the human race can be improved by discouraging such people from reproducing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is psychometrics & the psychometric approach?

A

The study of psychological tests. The psychometric approach to intelligence aims to identify and measure the abilities that underlie individual difference in performance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the Flynn effect?

A

The notable rise in intelligence test scores over the past century.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Name and describe the two biases in intelligence testing?

A
  • Outcome bias (the extent to which a test underestimates a person’s true intellectual ability)
  • Predictive bias (where the test successfully predicts criterion measures for some groups but not others)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the current view of the causes of intelligence?

A

Nature and nurture both influence intelligence, however genetics seems to have a slightly bigger influence. The current idea is that genetics sets out a person’s capacity, and their environment determines whether or not they achieve their potential.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the Kaler and Freeman study.

A

Kaler and Freeman studied the development of Romanian orphans aged between 23 and 50 months. Apgar scores indicated normal intelligence at birth, however they found that orphans with minimal human interactions showed severely delayed development, particularly in interaction, play, requesting, self-recognition and social reference.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe Spearman’s theory of intelligence.

A
  • An individual’s performance at one type of cognitive task tends to be positively correlated with their performance at other cognitive tasks
  • Suggested these correlations reflected the influence of an underlying general mental ability (g-factor)
  • Believed that there were also specific abilities (mechanical, spatial, numerical and verbal)
  • Theory based on the idea that g-factor drives performance but it is distributed unevenly among the specific abilities for different people.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe Thurstone’s theory of intelligence.

A

Psychometric approach that suggests 7 primary mental abilities:

  • Numerical
  • Reasoning
  • Verbal functioning
  • Spatial visualisation
  • Perceptual ability
  • Memory
  • Verbal comprehension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe Cattell’s theory of intelligence.

A

Believed there are two types of intelligence:
- Fluid (Gf), which is the capacity to think logically and solve new problems
- Crystallised (Gc), which is previously acquired knowledge and the ability to use it
Suggested there are 7 underlying smaller factors:
- Short-term memory
- Long-term memory
- Visual processing
- Auditory processing
- Simple processing speed
- Complex processing speed
- Mathematical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Outline Gardner’s theory of intelligence.

A

Differentiates intelligence into 9 various modalities:

  • Linguistic/verbal
  • Logical/mathematical
  • Spatial
  • Musical
  • Body/kinaesthetic
  • Intrapersonal
  • Interpersonal
  • Naturalistic
  • Spiritual/existential
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What factors reflect intellectual disability?

A

Usually reflected by an IQ below 70. Severity is measured according to adaptive functioning requiring support in at least one of:

  • Conceptual (academic)
  • Social
  • Practical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the typical signs of intellectual disability?

A
  • Slow performance of mental operations
  • Smaller knowledge base
  • Do not remember to use certain mental strategies even if they know how to
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the causes of intellectual disability?

A

Almost always biological factors, however can be environmental (eg: foetal alcohol syndrome).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is specific learning disorder?

A

Difficulties learning and using academic skills despite intervention targeting these difficulties.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 4 purposes of intelligence testing?

A
  • Answering referral questions
  • Funding decisions
  • Profile of strengths and weaknesses
  • Predicting real world behaviours/performance (eg: academic success)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the 12 subtests in WISC-R

A
  • Information
  • Picture completion
  • Similarities
  • Picture arrangement
  • Arithmetic
  • Block design
  • Vocabulary
  • Object assembly
  • Comprehension
  • Coding
  • Digital span
  • Mazes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the difference between entity and incremental perspective views of intelligence?

A

Entity perspective views intelligence as fixed, while incremental perspective views intelligence as malleable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the advantages of administering IQ tests in schools?

A
  • Aid in decision making regarding the student (accelerated learning, etc.)
  • Insight into academic problems
  • Profile of student abilities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the disadvantages of administering IQ tests in schools?

A
  • Labelling
  • Teacher expectancy
  • Time and cost heavy
  • Stressful for students
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Describe culture-fair tests.

A

Many tests assess learned information that is culture-specific, however culture-fair tests take cultural variables out. The problems with culture-fair tests include:

  • Tests like WISC assess abilities that are important for success within a certain culture/society
  • Removing influence of cultural variables renders tests less useful in predicting future performance in important domains
  • Intelligence definitions vary according to attributes that enable success within a culture, and to be worthwhile, IW testing often needs to be culturally specific
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is psychopathology?

A

Problematic patterns of thought, feeling or behaviour that disrupt an individual’s sense of wellbeing or social or occupational functioning.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What are the 3 criteria for a disorder?

A

1: Deviance
- unusual compared to most
- statistical infrequency
- failure to conform to societal norms
2: Distress
- personal suffering
3: Dysfunction
- significantly impairs ability to function in everyday life
- failure to meet responsibilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is DSM-5?

A

A comprehensive diagnostic criteria which includes 20 major classes of > 300 disorders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What are the advantages of psychological disorder diagnosis?

A
  • Assist in treatment planning
  • Facilitate research
  • Facilitate communication between professionals
  • Predicts behaviour and treatment response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What are the main criticisms of DSM-5?

A
  • Labelling
  • Stigmatising
  • Comorbidity
  • Categorical
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In a conceptualisation of a client, what is it important to be aware of?

A
  • Personal circumstances
  • Medical problems
  • Social/environmental problems
  • Overall functioning
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the 6 causes of psychological disorders?

A
  • Biological
  • Psychodynamic
  • Cognitive
  • Behavioural
  • Humanistic
  • Sociocultural
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Explain the Diathesis-Stress Model.

A

Each individual, through a combination of biological, psychological and sociocultural factors, have a predisposition to experiences psychological difficulties, and problems occur when the individual experiences stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Explain anxiety disorders.

A

Where a client experiences excessive, persistent anxiety in (or in anticipation of) specific, non-threatening situations. This perception of danger results in a maladaptive act of trying to avoid it, which in turn negatively reinforces the avoidance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What are the symptoms of anxiety disorder?

A

Symptoms can fall under the categories of cognitive (eg: worried thoughts), physiological (eg: increased heart rate), emotional (eg: fear) or behavioural (eg: avoidance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What is agoraphobia?

A

Excessive fear of situations where escape would be difficult.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What is social phobia?

A

Fear of social situations in which the person would be negatively evaluated by others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is specific phobia?

A

An intense fear of a specific object or situation.

45
Q

What is panic disorder?

A

Having unpredictable panic attacks and a pervasive fear that another will occur. These attacks occur in the absence of any identifiable stimulus.

46
Q

What is generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)?

A

Chronic state of anxiety and worry that is not attached to specific situations or objects.

47
Q

What is Obsessive Compulsive disorder?

A

Having obsessions and compulsions that cause significant distress or impairment and that disrupts a person for > 1 hour per day.

48
Q

What are obsessions?

A

Persistent, unwanted or intrusive thoughts, images or urges that cause distress or anxiety:

1: Thoughts are perceived as threatening
2: Attempts to suppress them
3: Increased frequency
4: Compulsions

49
Q

What are compulsions?

A

Repetitive behaviours that the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession. They are intentionally performed and can be logical or superstitious. The fact that they temporarily reduce anxiety negatively reinforces them.

50
Q

What are covert compulsions?

A

Mental behaviours that are used to reduce the anxiety associated with intrusive thoughts (eg: mentally repeating a sequence of numbers).

51
Q

What are the 4 main symptoms of PTSD?

A

1: Intrusion symptoms (eg: images, dreams, ect.)
2: Persistent avoidance of any reminders of the event
3: Negative changes in cognition and mood
4: Changes in arousal and activity

52
Q

What are the main causes of anxiety and related disorders?

A
  • Biological factors (eg: genes, chemical imbalance, etc.)
  • Psychological factors (eg: unconscious, learning, etc.)
  • Cognitive factors (eg: maladaptive thoughts)
  • Sociocultural factors (eg: societal pressures)
53
Q

What are somatic symptom and related disorders?

A

They involves physical complaints or disabilities that suggest a medical problem but do not have a known biological cause and are not voluntarily produced.

54
Q

What is conversion disorder?

A

Where neurological symptoms such as paralysis, loss of sensation or blindness suddenly occur without any medical reason.

55
Q

Define dissociative disorders.

A

Dissociative disorders involve a breakdown of normal personality integration, resulting in significant alterations in memory or identity.

56
Q

What is dissociative amnesia?

A

Where a person responds to a stressful event with extensive but selective memory loss.

57
Q

What is dissociative fugue?

A

Where a person loses all sense of personal identity, gives up on their current life and establishes a new identity.

58
Q

What is dissociative identity disorder (DID) and what causes it?

A

Where more than one personality exists in the same person. It is usually caused by severe stress or trauma, resulting in the patient dissociating).

59
Q

What is schizophrenia characterised by?

A

Severe disturbances in thinking, speech, perception, emotion and behaviour. They often misinterpret reality and exhibit disordered thinking. Hallucinations and delusions can occur.

60
Q

What are positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Positive symptoms include hallucinations and delusions. Negative symptoms include lack of complex thought, flat effect, etc.

61
Q

What are hallucinations?

A

False perceptions that have a compelling sense of reality.

62
Q

What are delusions?

A

False beliefs that are sustained in the face of evidence that would normally be sufficient to negate these beliefs.

63
Q

What are the types of personality disorders?

A 
Odd-eccentric:
- Paranoid
- Schizoid
- Schizotypal
Dramatic-erratic:
- Histrionic
- Narcissistic
- Borderline
- Antisocial
Anxious-fearful:
- Dependent
- Obsessive-compulsive
- Avoidant
64
Q

What is Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) characterised by?

A
  • Unstable interpersonal relationships
  • Unstable self-image and emotion
  • Impulsivity
  • Mood swings
  • Fear of abandonment
  • Manipulative behaviour
65
Q

What is Narcissistic Personality Disorder characterised by?

A
  • Overestimation of abilities
  • Arrogance
  • Need for attention and admiration
  • Sensitivity to criticism
  • Lack of empathy
  • Underneath confident exterior, low self-esteem
66
Q

What is Antisocial Personality Disorder characterised by?

A
  • Superficial charm
  • Rationality
  • Manipulative, insincere behaviour
  • Antisocial behaviour without shame or regret
  • Inability to establish close relationships
  • Irresponsible behaviour
67
Q

What are the depressive disorders listed in DSM-5?

A
  • Disruptive mood regulation disorder
  • Major depressive disorder
  • Persistent depressive disorder
  • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
  • Substance induced depressive disorder
  • Depressive disorder due to a medical condition
  • Other specified and unspecified
68
Q

What are the criteria for MDD diagnosis?

A

Requires 5 or more of the following symptoms nearly every day:

  • Depressed mood (eg: sad, empty, overwhelmed, helpless, etc.)
  • Loss of interest of pleasure
  • Significant weight/appetite change
  • Sleep difficulties
  • Psychomotor agitation or retardation
  • Fatigue/energy loss
  • Feeling worthless or excessively guilty
  • Difficulty thinking, concentrating, making decisions
  • Recurrent thoughts about death, suicidal ideation, plans or attempts
69
Q

What is persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)?

A

Similar to MDD but usually less intense and occurring for at least two years. People with PDD are usually still able to function, albeit with reduced capacity.

70
Q

What are the causes of MDD?

A
  • Inherited predisposition, triggered by life events (diathesis-stress model)
  • Self-perpetuating cycle of negative thinking, behaviours and emotions (cognitive behavioural model)
71
Q

Describe the cognitive-behavioural model of depression.

A

An unrealistic interpretation of a situation causes negative thoughts, which cause negative emotions. These thinking processes are often automatic. Events are then interpreted through these ‘depressive goggles’ and behaviours reinforce this.

72
Q

What are some common thinking errors in people with depression?

A
  • Interpreting events and self in a negative manner
  • Responsibility for failure but not success
  • Mind reading
  • Catastrophising
  • Black and white thinking
  • Emotional reasoning
  • Overgeneralising
73
Q

What are some common behaviours in people with depression?

A
  • Loss of motivation
  • Ceasing of pleasurable activities
  • Social withdrawal
  • Problems at work/study
74
Q

What are the characteristics of a manic episode?

A

Abnormally elevated, expansive or irritable mood, and abnormally increased goal-oriented activity or energy.

75
Q

What is the criteria for a mania diagnosis?

A

Requires 3 or more of the following symptoms nearly every day for most of the day:

  • Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Increased talkativeness/pressurised speech
  • Flight of ideas
  • Distractibility
  • Increased goal-oriented activity or psychomotor agitation
  • Excessive engagement in risky behaviours
76
Q

What is hypomania?

A

Less severe than mania, it does not involve significant harm/disruption, hospitalisation or psychotic features.

77
Q

What is Bipolar I disorder?

A

Manic and depressive episodes, usually separated by periods of normal mood.

78
Q

What is Bipolar II disorder?

A

Major depression coupled with hypomania, however the depression is the most prominent.

79
Q

What is psychotherapy?

A

A psychological intervention designed to help people to resolve emotional, behavioural and interpersonal problems and to improve the quality of their lives.

80
Q

What can psychotherapy help with?

A
  • Psychological disorders
  • Improving quality of life
  • Adjusting to transitions
  • Relationships
  • Behavioural change
81
Q

What are the goals of psychotherapy?

A
  • Reduce symptoms of the disorder
  • Reduce psychological discomfort
  • Improve quality of life
  • Enhance coping mechanisms
  • Increase awareness/education
  • Advice
  • Improve relationships
82
Q

Describe the process of psychotherapy.

A
  • Different methods based on different underlying beliefs and theories about the causes of psychological patterns and problems
  • Psychologists typically use an eclectic approach (must be guided by theory)
  • Common elements of all approaches include client-therapist relationship, individually tailored, hope and fresh perspective
83
Q

Describe the psychoanalytic approach to therapy.

A

Introduced by Freud, the goal is to gain insight and to make unconscious wishes and repressed memories conscious. The basis is that the therapist is an expert and remains a ‘blank slate’ for a patient’s transference.

84
Q

What are the 5 premises of the psychoanalytic approach?

A

1: Problematic behaviours are motivated by unconscious conflicts, desired and impulses
2: Psychological and behavioural problems stem from childhood experiences
3: Therapist can uncover unconscious causes of disordered behaviours
4: Re-experiencing important events (repressed memories, childhood emotions, etc.) is important to treatment
5: Insight (emotional and cognitive) can promote change

85
Q

What are some of the techniques of the psychoanalytic approach to therapy?

A
  • Free association
  • Interpretation of unconscious processes and behaviours
  • Dream analysis
  • Resistance
  • Transference
  • Working through
86
Q

Describe modern psychodynamic therapy.

A

Focuses on both unconscious conflicts and conscious experience, with an emphasis on social relationships. It involves a face-to-face, goal focused therapeutic relationship between therapist and client.

87
Q

What are the contributions of the psychoanalytic approach?

A
  • Role of the unconscious
  • Early experiences
  • Defence mechanisms
  • Transference (focused on current relationships)
88
Q

Describe humanistic psychotherapy.

A

Developed by Rogers and Maslow, it emphasises the good growth tendency of humans and places the therapist in the role of an equal rather than an expert. Based on the premise that:
- people are motivated by an innate desire towards growth
- each person has a unique worldview
- growth requires unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness
- problems are caused by blocked growth and incongruence between real and ideal self
If these conditions are provided, the client will resume self-actualisation.

89
Q

What are the contributions of humanistic psychotherapy?

A
  • Importance of therapeutic relationship
  • Importance of empathy
  • Importance of active listening
90
Q

Describe brief psychodynamic psychotherapies.

A

Focus on understanding the maladaptive influences of the past and relating them to current patterns of self-defeating behaviour.

91
Q

Describe behavioural psychotherapy.

A

Based on the premise that maladaptive behaviours are not symptoms of underlying problems; they are the problem and that they are learned and can be unlearned (eg: phobias result from classical conditioning and are reinforce through operant conditioning).

92
Q

Describe the 3 most common classical conditioning therapies.

A

Exposure - exposing client to the feared stimulus while using response-prevention to prevent the operant conditioning response of avoidance
Systematic desensitisation - creating a stimulus hierarchy and gradually exposing the client to each level while in a relaxed state (this creates a new conditioned response instead of anxiety)
Aversion therapy - pairing an attractive stimulus with an unpleasant unconditioned stimulus to create an aversion (eg: pairing alcohol with a nausea-inducing drug)

93
Q

What is observational learning useful for in psychotherapy?

A
  • Fears/phobias
  • Social skills training
  • Assertiveness training
94
Q

What is behavioural activation?

A

A treatment for depression in which the therapist helps to find activities that are positively reinforcing for the client.

95
Q

How do antipsychotic drugs work?

A

Used to treat schizophrenic disorders, they decrease dopamine action, resulting in a reduction of positive symptoms.

96
Q

How do anti anxiety drugs work?

A

They help patients with anxiety to cope by slowing down synaptic activity in the nervous system.

97
Q

What are the 3 types of antidepressant drugs and how do they work?

A
  • Tricyclics (prevent reuptake of excitatory transmitters into presynaptic neurons.
  • Monamine oxidase (reduce monoamine oxide activity)
  • Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
98
Q

How does ECT work?

A

ECT induces seizures via an electric current. and it is useful in treating severe depression. Patients are given muscle relaxants and put under anaesthetic during the process.

99
Q

Describe group therapy and its advantages.

A

Involves around 6-12 multiple unrelated clients with typically similar problems who meet to work on their therapeutic goals. Advantages of group therapy include:

  • clients recognise they are not alone
  • learn from each other
  • interaction skills
  • willingness to share and be open
  • empathy and sensitivity
  • test skills in a safe/supportive environment
  • cost-effective
100
Q

Describe family therapy.

A

Involves 2 or more family members where the disorder is related to problems in family functioning. The focus is on the structure of the family system and intervention involves disrupting dysfunctional patterns.

101
Q

Describe couples therapy.

A

Focuses mainly on communication between partners, as miscommunication/lack of communication are barriers to intimacy and happiness. The focus is on relationship goals/expectations and rebuilding trust.

102
Q

Describe the premise of CBT

A

Developed by Beck and Ellis, CBT focuses on current behaviour and the perpetuating thoughts. The premise is that emotions are caused by our interpretation of events, rather than the events themselves, and that behaviours influence further thoughts, creating a perpetuating cycle.

103
Q

What is the cognitive-behavioural approach to disorders and the goal of CBT?

A

People with disorders often have consistently distorted/dysfunctional thinking, which leads to unhelpful behaviours such as avoidance, withdrawal and poor interactions. The goal of CBT is to break the cycle of maladaptive thoughts, feelings and behaviours.

104
Q

What are the steps in the CBT treatment process? Describe each step.

A
  • Therapeutic relationship (requires trust and empathy and involves active, non-judgmental listening)
  • Assessment (involves understanding the details of the problem, identifying goals and conceptualisation of the problem)
  • Education (involves informing patients of the nature of the problem, normalising the problems and discussing what the treatment will involve)
  • Treatment plan (created collaboratively with the client actively informed, and where goals and steps to achieve these goals are identified)
  • Behaviour modification (such as exposure or behavioural activation, done in combination with cognitive strategies and where the therapist supports but the client is responsible)
105
Q

What does cognitive restructuring look like for a therapist?

A
  • Promoting awareness of the thought-emotion-behaviour link
  • Identifying unhelpful thoughts or interpretations (often using recent examples from the client)
  • Looking for patterns in thinking
  • Challenging problematic thinking
106
Q

What are the outcomes of CBT?

A
  • When a client experiences strong, unhelpful emotions, they learn to identify fears, concerns, worries and negative perceptions
  • Changes in thought result in changes in feeling
  • This eventually becomes automatic
107
Q

How can a therapist maintain gains in CBT?

A
  • Generalising changes (eg: homework, family involvement, use of strategies, etc.)
  • Preparing for partial relapse
  • Becoming aware of triggers
  • Ensuring client is responsible
108
Q

What factors indicate success in CBT?

A
  • Client perception
  • Symptoms reduction
  • Behavioural observations
  • Improved quality of life

PSYC1001 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions