Exam Revision

Question 1

Body temperature: why unable to maintain?

Answer 1

• increased RR = hyperthermic
• heat stroke
• infection = pyrexia
• recumbent = hypothermia
• shock

Question 2

Body temperature: needs?

Answer 2

• maintain normal temperature
• D = 38.3 - 38.8°C
• C = 38 - 38.5°C

Question 3

Body temperature: nursing interventions?

Answer 3

• environment temperature should be altered depending on hypo/hyperthermia
• insulate kennles
• If hypothermia = hot hands, heat pads (no direct contact), bair hugger, blankets, warm fluids, warm environment, incubator, keep patient dry, heat lamp if under constant supervision
• If hyperthermia = fan, bathe feet/body, wet towels as bedding, cool hands, cool environment, cool fresh H2O, cool fluids

Question 4

Body temperature: monitor?

Answer 4

• core temperature (rectal/aural thermometer) (check every 30mins in critical patients)
• palpate peripheral temp (feet/ears)
• record results

Question 5

Breathing: why unable to do so normally?

Answer 5

• disease
• stress
• recumbent
• shock
• hyperthermic

Question 6

Breathing: needs?

Answer 6

• return to normal respiration rate (D = 10 - 30 C = 20 - 30)
• return to normal respiratory effort

Question 7

Breathing: nursing interventions?

Answer 7

• O2 supplementation (tent, mask, flow by, nasal prongs, ET tube)
• position changes every 2 hours (prevents hypostatic pneumonia)
• clean nasal/oral discharge (nasal aspirator/face bath)
• perform coupage to shift fluid in lungs
• provide cool, stress free environment

Question 8

Breathing: monitor?

Answer 8

-respiratory rate
-TPR
MMs/CRT
-SpO2 (has to be above 95%)
-auscultate lungs
-effort

-Owner smoking in house?

Question 9

Drinking: why unable to drink normal amounts/maintain hydration?

Answer 9

• recumbent
• anorexic
• disease (diabetes/kidneys/liver)
• vomiting/diarrhoea

Question 10

Drinking: needs?

Answer 10

• to maintain hydration
• to become mobile
• normal RER
• stop vomiting/diarrhoea

Question 11

Drinking: nursing interventions

Answer 11

• change water bowl (feline patients can be fussy)
• fresh clean drinking water
• encourage to drink (wet gums)
• provide electrolyte support (oralade)
• IVFT under vet direction (make fluid plan = amount/type required/ hydration status, blood/urine results)
• provide water to small furries in familiar way (water bottle)
• check IV catheter site for swelling, redness, pain, perivascular fluid

Question 12

Drinking: monitor?

Answer 12

• PCV (D = 37 - 55% C = 24 - 45%)
• SG (D = 1.015 - 1.045 C = 1.035 - 1.060)
• TPR (espectially resps as can indicate over infusion)
• MMs colour
• CRT
• check if overinfused (soft moist cough, dyspnoea, tachypnoea, tachycardia, lethargy, runny nose, decreased PCV, increased urine output)
• urine output (catheter/ weigh kennel liners/ collect urine when on walk if mobile)
• water intake if drinking independently (may need to alter fluid plan)

Question 13

Mobilising: why unable?

Answer 13

• unable without assistance
• injury
• neurological
• disease
• recumbent

Question 14

Mobilising: needs?

Answer 14

-to mobilise without assistance

Question 15

Mobilising: nursing interventions?

Answer 15

• if recumbent must change position at least every 2 hours (prevent hypostatic pneumonia)
• use a sling if taking out side to aid mobility (don’t over exert)
• physiotherapy (PROM or active, efflurage/massage, icepacks/ warm packs)
• hydrotherapy
• padded bedding (to prevent decubitus ulcers)
• handle carefully (arthritic/painful paitients)
• analgesia
• ensure providing RER as will need energy to move
• ensure food and water is close enough to reach or provide assisted feeding

Question 16

Mobilising: monitor?

Answer 16

• record physio (when/how intense/if patient taken out)
• RER
• pain score
• urination/defaecation out out
• monitor skin integrity/coat condition and clean if soiled or treat ulcers

Question 17

Grooming/skin integrity: why unable to maintain?

Answer 17

• surgical wound
• other type of wounds
• recumbent
• respiratory
• V+/D+
• disease
• parasites