Exam Revision

Question 1

Why is it important to understand the dynamics of situations of psycho-social captivity?

Answer 1

It helps prevent victim-blaming

Question 2

What is the key concept in understanding why people often feel emotionally attached to those who abuse them?

Answer 2

The alternating experience of fear and relief.

Question 3

In applying the reading “Trauma and its Challenge to Society” to the film “The Hunting Ground”, what is the key problem you identify at the universities concerned?

Answer 3

They fail to provide effective protection and support systems for vulnerable and victimized people.

Question 4

Of the previous ideas covered in the course, which one links most closely with the reading “Trauma and its Challenge to Society”

Answer 4

Secondary victimization

Question 5

The ‘trauma membrane’ refers to

Answer 5

The way in which society protects and supports vulnerable people and victims.

Question 6

In Deliver us from Evil, what term best described the parents response to their children’s abuse?

Answer 6

Vicarious trauma

Question 7

In Deliver us from Evil, which term best describes the survivors experience of the church protecting the offenders?

Answer 7

Secondary Victimization

Question 8

In working with victims, is empathy a positive quality or a risk factor?

Answer 8

Both positive quality and risk factor.

Question 9

What do we call the cluster of reactions which includes nightmares, flashbacks and overwhelming memories.

Answer 9

Intrusion

Question 10

What to we call the cluster of reactions that includes numbing, feeling disconnected, and loss of interest in things that used to bring happiness.

Answer 10

Constriction

Question 11

Corporations can be both victims and perpetrators of crimes. True or False?

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Violent assaults cause more deaths than corporate crime. True or False?

Answer 12

False

Question 13

Why are pollution related deaths unlikely to result in prosecution?

Answer 13

Received large corporate bonuses paid from government bailouts

Question 14

A key strategy of perpetrators of domestic abuse is to create a continuous system of fear and submission. T or F?

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Which answer best explains why hidden forms of victimization are so dangerous to survivors, according to the reading “Trauma and its Challenge to Society”?

Answer 15

Social support is less likely to be mobilized.

Question 16

In what sense do victims of violence present a psychological threat to the rest of society?

Answer 16

Awareness of their experiences undermines other people’s sense of safety.

Question 17

What is restorative justice?

Answer 17

Restorative justice is a system of criminal justice which focuses on the rehabilitation of offenders through reconciliation with the victims and the community at large.

Question 18

Restorative Justice conferences is the…

Answer 18

application of the restorative justice system process in response to offences committed by a child.

Question 19

Positive of restorative processes conferences:

Answer 19

It brings those those harmed by crime or conflict, and those responsible for the harm, into communication, enabling everyone affected by a particular incident to play a part in repairing the harm and finding a positive way forward.
It focuses on repairing harm, be a voluntary process, safe and accessible, with impartial facilitators, and respect for all participants.

Question 20

Negative for restorative justice conferences:

Answer 20

• The safety of victims
• The perpetrator does not have to take responsibility; the judge decides
• The victim often feels guilty if a sentence is passed
• The perpetrator blames the victim
• The victim can be re-victimised by the process

Question 21

When does repeated trauma happen?

Answer 21

It happens in captivity when the prisoner or ‘victim’ is unable to escape.

Question 22

In domestic captivity, physical barriers preventing escape are

Answer 22

rare. In most homes the barriers to escape are invisible and extremely powerful.

Question 23

The three stages in the psychological control of the victim is:

Answer 23

captivity, psychological domination and total surrender.

Question 24

People subjected to prolonged, repeated trauma develop an

Answer 24

insidious, progressive form of PTSD that invades and erodes the personality.

Question 25

How does society react to traumatised people?

Answer 25

good’ people are in charge of their lives and that the bad things only happen to ‘bad’ people

Question 26

The false memory debate is a movement that claims that

Answer 26

that thousands of unsuspecting white middle classed women go to therapists who implant false memories of abuse in their minds. However current research shows that:
There is no evidence that traumatic memories can simply be implanted in people’s minds.

Question 27

Role of the Media play in the way that society deals with traumatised individuals:

Answer 27

Play a pivotal role. The media are the prime purveyors of traumatic news and they determine whether victims are treated with compassion and understanding or with scorn and neglect.

Question 28

The many symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder fall into three main categories -

Answer 28

Hyperarousal, intrusion and constriction.

Question 29

Hyperarousal reflects the

Answer 29

persistent expectation of danger, intrusion reflects the indelible imprint of the traumatic moment and constriction reflects the numbing response of surrender. In the state of hyperarousal, the traumatized person startles easily, reacts irritably to small provocations and sleeps poorly.

Question 30

Intrusion:

Answer 30

Long after the danger is past, traumatized people relive the event as though it were continually recurring in the present. They cannot resume the normal course of their lives, for the trauma repeatedly interrupts. It is as if time stops at the moment of trauma. The traumatic movement becomes encoded in an abnormal form of memory, which breaks spontaneously into consciousness, both as flashbacks during waking states and as traumatic nightmares during sleep

Question 31

Constriction:

Answer 31

When a person is completely powerless, and any form of resistance is futile, she may go into a state of surrender. The system of self-defense shuts down entirely. The helpless person escapes from her situation not by action in the real world but rather by altering her state of consciousness.