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PE Studies > Exam Revision > Flashcards

Exam Revision Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle Type and Characteristics.

A

Relates to the speed which they contract. Three main types.

SLOW TWITCH
•Type One: Slow twitch, oxidative, red, size remains unchanged, aerobic, long distance.

FAST TWITCH
•Type Two: Fast twitch, oxidative, white. size grows significantly, Anaerobic, Sprinters.
•Type Three: Fast twitch, glycolytic, white.

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2
Q

Action of Latissimus Dorsi

A

Extend, internally rotate and adduct shoulder.

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3
Q

Action of Abdominals

A

Flex and rotate trunk.

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4
Q

Action of Deltoid

A

Flex, extend, rotate and abduct shoulder.

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5
Q

Action of Biceps

A

Flex elbow, supinate forearm.

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6
Q

Action of Triceps

A

Extend elbow.

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7
Q

Action of Hand Flexors

A

Flex wrist and finger.

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8
Q

Action of Hand extensors

A

Extend wrist and fingers.

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9
Q

Action of Quadriceps

A

Extend Knee, assist Flexion of the hip

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10
Q

Action of Hamstrings

A

Flex Knee, extend hip, tilt pelvis posteriorly, rotate femur.

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11
Q

Action of Gastrocnemius

A

Plantarflex foot at ankle, flex knee

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12
Q

Recovery Techniques

A
  • Ice Baths
  • Cool Down (Redistribute blood flow from muscles to organs)
  • Stretching (Prevents delayed onset muscle soreness)
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13
Q

Summation of Momentum

A

•Sequential- The summation of momentum takes places when the body parts involved in the performance of the skill, move in a sequential way, moving the largest parts of the body first to the smallest.
-As one body part reaches peak performance, the next body part begins to move.

•Simultaneous- Only relevant body objects are moved together in a simultaneous action, rather than a sequential pattern.

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14
Q

Different Types of Joints: Hinge

A

Eg: Knee, Elbow, Fingers.

-One axis and only allows Flexion and extension.

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15
Q

Different Types of Joints: Pivot

A

Eg: Elbow, Skull on vertebra.

-One axis and only allows rotation.

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16
Q

Different Types of Joints: Gliding

A

Eg: Wrist, Ankle.

-Allows sideways, backwards and forwards movements.

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17
Q

Different Types of Joints: Ball and Socket

A

Eg: Shoulder, Hip.

-Able to move in all directions.

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18
Q

Different Types of Joints: Saddle

A

Eg: Thumb.

-B, Axial, forward, backwards and sideways movements.

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19
Q

Different Types of Joints: Ovoid

A

Eg: Wrist

-Allows sideways, backwards, forwards, two axis.

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20
Q

Different Types of Joints: Cartilaginous

A

Eg: Vertebra

-Partially moveable.

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21
Q

Different Types of Joints: Fibrous

A

Eg: Skull, Coccyx, Jacrum

-Immoveable.

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22
Q

Joint Movement Terminology

A
  • Straightening Leg: Extension
  • Bending Leg: Flexion
  • Toes up towards Tibia: Dorsi Flexion
  • Pointing the Toes: Plantar Flexion
  • Palms Down: Pronation
  • Towards the midline of the body: Adduction
  • Away from the midline of the body: Abduction
  • Turning the Head: Rotation
  • Foot inwards at the ankle: Inversion
  • Foot outwards at the ankle: Eversion
  • Shoulder rotating in a circle: Circumduction
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23
Q

Newton’s First Law of Motion (Inertia)

A

All bodies will continue in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an external force.

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24
Q

Newton’s Second Law of Motion (Acceleration)

A

The acceleration of a body is proportional to the force acting on it and takes place in the direction the force acts.

25
Q

Newton’s Third Law of Motion (Action)

A

For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.

26
Q

Linear Motion.

A

Linear motion occurs when all body parts move the same distance and direction all at the same time.
Eg: Running.

27
Q

Angular Motion.

A

Angular motion occurs when a body parts rotate in the same direction around a fixed point.
Eg: Gymnast over a bar.

28
Q

Mass

A

Amount of matter that makes up an object.

29
Q

Weight

A

Force exerted by gravity of an object.

30
Q

Velocity

A

Measures the rate of the positional change of an object. (Ball moving upwards at 5m/s has velocity of 5m/s)

31
Q

Momentum

A

Measure of the amount of motion possessed by a moving body (When two bodies collide- One with most momentum= Least affected)

32
Q

Ground Reaction Forces (GRF)

A

Once an object like a cricket ball is released, no other force can act on it to accelerate it=Greater force at beginning.
Eg: Sprinters wear spikes for maximum velocity.

33
Q

Projectile Motion

A

Projectile motion considers factors that affect movement path of an object or the human body.

34
Q

Factors affecting Projectile Motion

A
  • Velocity of Release
  • The angle of Projection
  • The height of Release
  • Air resistance and spin
35
Q

Feedback

A

Received by performer regrading performance.
•Main Roles: Motivate, Reinforce positives, modify behaviour.

  • Intrinsic: Persons own sensory system (Kinaesthetic from tendon/joints)
  • Extrinsic: Feedback from external sources (Coaches/Videos)
  • Factors affecting Feedback (Stage of Learning, Precision of Feedback, Timing and Feedback.l
36
Q

Motor Skills: Cognitive (Thinking)

A

Formation of a mental picture on what to do. -Visual demonstration is important. Eg: Tennis player shown how to serve practises and eventually serves it correctly.

37
Q

Motor Skills: Associative (Trial and Error)

A

Performer attempts to link all parts of skill in one smooth movement - Coach intervention is critical. Eg: Tennis player has learnt height of ball toss and what a swing pattern feels like.

38
Q

Motor Skills: Autonomous (No conscious thought)

A

Don’t need to concentrate and can focus on other cues - High degree of consistency and accuracy. Eg: Tennis player can focus on position of opponent, the wind, the sun.

39
Q

Phases of Motor Learning

A

Cognitive, Associative and Autonomous.

40
Q

Factors affecting learning

A
  • Information processing
  • Make decisions on what has to be done
  • Decide on a plan of action
  • Evaluate performance
  • Individual differences
  • Ability
  • Age and Maturity
  • Gender
  • Experience
  • Physiological Characteristics
41
Q

Immediate Responses to Exercise

A
  • Increased heart rate
  • Sweating
  • Increase in blood temperature
  • Increase in oxygen intake
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Gas exchange at alveoli increased
  • Increased AV o2 difference
  • Increased body temperature
  • Increased stroke volume
  • Increased cardio output
42
Q

ATP-CP

A 
Time: 1-10 Seconds
Fuel: ATP-CP
Oxygen Required: No
By Products: None
Relevant Activity: 100m sprint
43
Q

LACTIC ACID

A 
Time: 30-120 seconds 
Fuel: Carbohydrates 
Oxygen Required: No
By Products: Lactic Acid
Relevant Activity: 400m sprint
44
Q

AEROBIC

A 
Time: 2 minutes and on
Fuel: Carbs, Fats, Proteins (In some cases)
Oxygen Required: Yes
By Products: CO2, Heat, H2O
Relevant Example: Marathon
45
Q

Training Types

A

Resistance Training: Refers to providing a resistance to the muscles in an attempt to improve muscle strength and power.

Interval Training: Interval training uses work and rest periods in the one session to enable the athlete to do a large amount of high intensity exercise.

Continuous Training: This form of training is when an athlete trains without break for a period of 30 minutes or more this is often associated with long distance training and helping to improve endurance

Circuit Training: Circuit training is a training type for conditioning that involves athletes move from one type of exercise to another type, such as going from aerobic activity to ball skills.

Flexibility Training: Refers to a measure of the range of motion about a joint.

Fartlek: Is a training method that blends continuous training with interval training, associated with doing some fast running, followed by slower paced running.

Ploymetrics: Are exercises in which muscles exert maximum force in short intervals of time, with the goal of increasing power.

46
Q

Principles of Training

A

Specificity: Refers to when an athlete participates in a training program, they are trying to make adaptions to better prepare them for a successful performance

Intensity: Refers to how difficult the training session is, intensity is usually measured by the percentage of heart rate required to complete the session.

Duration: Refers to the period of time in which one training session will last, and then how long a training phase will last.

Frequency: Refers to how often an athlete trains within a week.

Progressive Overload: Progressive overload is the gradual increase of stress placed upon the body during exercise training.

Reversibility: The Reversibility Principle dictates that athletes lose the beneficial effects of training when they stop working out.

47
Q

Components of Fitness

A

Cardiorespiratory Endurance: Beep test or 12 minute run.

Muscular Strength: Grip test.

Muscular Endurance: Push ups or sit ups.

Flexibility: Touching our toes.

Body Composition: Percentage of fat etc.

Agility: Conducting and Agility test (Run around cones as quick as possible)

Balance: Standing on a beam with one leg, with eyes closed for as long as possible.

Coordination: Bouncing a basketball in each hand for as long as possible.

Reaction Time: Dropping a ruler and seeing what measurement it is grabbed at.

Speed: 30m sprint.

Power: Vertical Jump

48
Q

Interrelationships between training types, principles, and fitness components.

A

All work with one another, there are several principles of training in a training type and they aim to increase a fitness component (e.g. Speed)

49
Q

The Zone

A

When athletes feel focused mentally and physically on the sport.

50
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

Intrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by internal rewards.

51
Q

Self-Confidence

A

Positive mental attitude that keeps an athlete working hard regardless of how many times he/she may fail or how many obstacles get thrown in his/her path.

52
Q

Stress Management

A

The aim of stress management is to learn methods which can be used to help athletes to control stress and anxiety

53
Q

Nideffer’s Model

A

External Broad: Assessing offence and defence

External Narrow: Focussing on the person you are defending

Internal Broad: Assessing Fatigue, organising complex serial response

Internal Narrow: Focus on one aspect of response, fingertips, legs.

54
Q

Arousal Management

A

Can’t be too under aroused, cause won’t take it seriously enough. Can’t be over aroused cause will get too nervous and choke (West Coast Eagles/ Isaac Smith). Need to be I’m happy medium.

55
Q

Inverted U

A

See page of notes.

56
Q

Self-Talk

A

Self-talk can have a great impact on your confidence. It can be positive or negative, and have different effects on how you feel.

57
Q

Self-Imagery

A

Mental imagery involves the athlete imagining themselves in an environment performing a specific activity using all of their senses (sight, hear, feel and smell). The images should have the athlete performing successfully and feeling satisfied with their performance.

58
Q

Relaxation

A

Relaxation itself can be useful in a number of circumstances including:

  • The promotion of rest, recovery and recuperation
  • The removal of stress related reactions, e.g. increased muscular tension, etc.
  • The establishing of a physical and mental state which has an increased receptivity to positive mental imagery
  • The establishing of a set level of physical and mental arousal prior to warming up for competition

PE Studies (1 decks)

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