Exam Revision Flashcards
What are the 3 dimensions of Health
Physical, Social, Mental
Define Youth
12 to 18 years of age, however it should be acknowledged that classifications for the stage of youth can differ across agencies.
What are the stages of Youth?
Rapid growth, independence and sexual maturity.
Difference between mortality and morbidity.
- mortality refers to the deaths in a population.
- morbidity refers to the ill-health in an individual or levels of ill-health in a population.
How do we measure Health Status?
Self assessed report, life expectancy (increasing), mortality (decreasing).
Difference between prevalence and incidence.
- incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease/condition in a population during a given period.
- prevalence is the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at a given time.
Define DALY.
Disability Adjusted Life Years, a measure of burden disease. One DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury.
What are the four areas of development?
Physical, Social, Intellectual, Emotional
Define Physical Development.
Changes to the body and its systems. These can be changes in size (growth), complexity and motor skills.
Define Social Development.
The increasing complexity of behaviour patterns used in relationships with other people.
Define Intellectual Development.
The development of processes in the brain such as thought, knowledge and memory.
Define Emotional Development.
The development of the full range of emotions and the optimal way of dealing with and expressing them.
What are the key stages of the life span?
Prenatal, infancy, early childhood, late childhood, youth, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood.
Define Puberty.
Biological changes that occur during youth and prepare the individual for sexual reproduction.
Define Hormone.
A chemical messenger that results in changes in the body.
Long Term consequences of over consumption.
Dental caries, overweight, cardiovascular disease, colorectal cancer, osteoporosis.
Short Term consequences for under consumption.
Decrease in socialising, exercise, concentration, increase constipation (inadequate fibre), dehydration.
Nutrients required for energy. (CBIW)
Carbohydrates, B group vitamins, iron, water.
Nutrients required for soft tissue. (PFCLAW)
Protein, Folate, Vitamin C, Lipids, Vitamin A, Water.
Nutrients required for hard tissue. (PCACD)
Protein, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Calcium, Vitamin D.
Nutrients required for blood. (PCLAIBW)
Protein, Vitamin C, Lipids, Vitamin A, Iron, B group vitamins, Water.
Define Health
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Individual Human Development
The series of orderly predictable changes occurring from conception to death. These changes can be social, physical, emotional and intellectual.
What is the difference between life expectancy and life span?
Life span is the number of years a person lives.
Life expects is an indication of how long a person can expect to live.
Maturation
The process by which we change grow and develop throughout life.
Endometrium
The lining of the womb that thickens during the menstrual cycle.
- the inner lining of the uterus
Leading causes of burden of disease in youth.
Mental disorders
Injuries
Chronic respiratory disease
Leading causes of morbidity for youth
Asthma
Anxiety
Depression
Leading causes of mortality for youth
Road accidents Suicide Drowning Fires Falls
Main health concerns for youth.
Weight issues, injury, tobacco smoking, alcohol, illicit substance use, STI prevention
What risks may youths take that effect on their health?
Over consumption of fast food - overweight Risky behaviours - injury Tobacco smoking - Tobacco use Binge drinking - alcohol Use of illicit substances Unsafe sexual practices.
Endocrine System
A body system that is made up of glands that releases hormones to control body functions.
Main parts of the Endocrine System
- Pituitary gland: LH, FSH
- Hypothalamus: GnRH
- Thyroid Gland: thyroxine
- Ovaries: oestrogen, progesterone
- Testes: testosterone
Pituitary Gland
Located at the base of the brain and produces the growth hormone, TSH, FSH, LH
Hypothalamus
Produces GnRH, which triggers to pituitary gland to release other major hormones.
Role of the Growth Hormone
Responsible for the growth spurt in individuals.
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Produces oestrogen from the ovaries and influences female sex characteristics.
Produced in the tests and produces sperm.
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Produces thyroxine from the thyroid and influences metabolism.
Leutinising Hormone (LH)
Produced in the ovaries to create progesterone and impact female menstruation uterine lining.
Produced in the testes then to testosterone and influences male sex characteristics.
Growth Spurt
Proceeds during puberty and occurs because of the pituitary gland releasing the growth hormone.
Main parts of the female/male anatomy.
Ovaries and Testes
Primary Sex characteristics
Characteristics that develop during puberty related to the sex organs and reproductive system.
Eg. First ovulation, ejaculation, period.
Secondary Sex characteristics
Characteristics that develop during puberty that indicate sexual maturity but are not related to reproduction.
Eg. Oily skin, pubic hair, hips widen, voice lowers, breast develop, facial hair, increase muscle mass.
Gonad
Sex gland that produces gametes (sex cells)
Male - sperm
Female - eggs
Examples of Physical Development
Growth, complexity, motor skill development, decline body systems.
Examples of social development.
Relationship skills, behaviours, social roles, values and beliefs, communication skills
Examples of emotional development
Self concept, Awareness of emotions, management of emotions, expression of emotions.
Examples of intellectual development
Attention, knowledge, language, memory, thought patterns, problem solving, creativity and imagination.
What are the determinants of the health and development of Australia’s Youth?
Biological - genetics, hormones, body weight
Behavioural - sun protection, substance use, sexual practices, physical activity, maintaining friendships, seeking help from health professionals.
Social - family cohesion, SES, participation in community, media, access to education.
Physical - tobacco smoke in the home, work environment, house environment, access to facilities.
Carbohydrate Function
Carbohydrates provide fuel for energy.
Food sources - potatoes, rice, pasta, cereals, fruits.
Protein Function.
Builds maintains and repairs body cells required to build soft tissues such as muscles and organs and hard tissues such as bone.
Food Sources- meat, fish, nuts eggs, beans
Fats function.
Required for the development and maintenance of cell membranes.
Food Sources-
Poly/Mono: oil, avocado, nuts
Trans/saturated: pastries, cakes, butter, fried food, meat.
Short Term consequences for nutrient imbalance.
- decrease socialising
- decrease exercise
- decrease concentration
- increase constipation
- dehydration.
Long term consequences for nutrient imbalance.
- dental caries
- underweight
- overweight
- cardiovascular disease
- colorectal cancer
- osteoporosis
Key hormones that play a role in menstruation.
LH impacts the ovaries and influences progesterone to produce menstruation uterine lining.
Gland
Removes materials from the blood.
What is ovulation? When does it occur?
Ovulation occurs when an egg or ovum becomes available for fertilisation by a sperm cell.
12 to 14 days before period begins.
How long is a menstrual cycle?
28 days
Positive and Negative effects of genetic inheritance.
Negative - If your parents had a genetic disorder you may be able to develop there abnormal chromosomes.
Positive - if you parents are free of any disorder of genetic inheritance you will not be able to develop abnormal genes.
Australian Guide to Health Eating.
- broken down into 7 portions: grains/ veggies (large amounts), meats/dairy/fruits (medium amount), oils/ butter (small amounts) also has sometimes foods.
AGHE aim.
- promote health and wellbeing,
- reduce the risk of diet-related conditions, such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure and obesity and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some types of cancers.
Who uses the AGHE?
Australian Dietary Guidelines are for use by health professionals, policy makers, educators, food manufacturers, food retailers and researchers, so they can find ways to help Australians eat healthy diets.
Features associated with injury.
Car accidents, self harm, drowning, poisoning, falls.
Define Injury.
Injuries refer to the physical harm or damage to someone’s body being internal or external caused by an accident or an attack.
What is the leading cause of injury.
Car and transport accidents in particular are a significant leading cause of death for young people. Specifically males have become an increasing concern for injury being far more frequently and severely injured than young females.
Factors associated with car accidents.
Peer pressure, speed, drink driving, new levels of independence.
Explain your chosen campaign.
Join the Drive to save lives
This organisation provides community members in Queensland with the knowledge of driving safely on our roads and expressing your thoughts to others to spread the word.
