Exam revision Flashcards
What was the Cold War?
The Cold War is the name given to the relationship that developed primarily between the USA and the USSR after World War Two. 1947–91 is common. The term “cold” is used because there was no large-scale fighting directly between the two sides, although there were major regional wars, known as proxy wars, in Korea, Vietnam, and Afghanistan supported by the two sides. The Cold War was a state of economic, political and military tension between the Unites States of America (USA) and its allies and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and its allies.
What is communism and when did Russia become Communist?
a theory or system of social organization in which all property is owned by the community and each person contributes and receives according to their ability and needs. n 1918, when the Bolsheviks became the ruling party of Russia, they changed their organization’s name to the All-Russian Communist Party; it was renamed the All-Union Communist Party in 1925 and it was not until 1991 that Russia gave up communism. Russia unable to keep up with economic legacies dropped out of the cold war in 1991 and its communist government removed itself from power.
What and When is the Berlin Blockade?
The Berlin Blockade was an attempt in 1948 by the Soviet Union to limit the ability of France, Great Britain and the United States to travel to their sectors of Berlin, which lay within Russian-occupied East Germany. uring the multinational occupation of post–World War II Germany, the Soviet Union blocked the Western Allies’ railway, road, and canal access to the sectors of Berlin under Western control. The Soviets controlled East Germany while America the West.
What is the Truman Doctrine?
March 1947 With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces.
When and what was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
“The Cuban Missile Crisis was a thirteen-day confrontation from October 15 to October 28, 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union over the positioning of nuclear missiles in Cuba. In 1962, the Soviet Union secretly placed nuclear-tipped missiles on the Communist-led island of Cuba. After discovering the missiles in October, the U.S. responded by blockading Cuba. Following a period of intense discussions and fear of a nuclear catastrophe, President John F. Kennedy made a proposal to Premier Nikita Khrushchev that the Soviet leader accepted; The Soviets withdrew the missiles after the U.S. pledged publicly never to invade Cuba and promised privately to withdraw its own nuclear missiles from Turkey.
What was the Gulf of Tonkin Incident?
On August 2, 1964, the U.S. destroyer Maddox exchanged shots with North Vietnamese torpedo boats in the Gulf of Tonkin. Two days later, the Maddox and another destroyer reported once again coming under fire. Although most historians, including those employed by the U.S. military, have since concluded that the second of those attacks never actually occurred, it served as the pretext for an immediate ramp-up of the Vietnam War.
What was SALT?
The first agreements, known as SALT I and SALT II, were signed by the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in 1972 and 1979, respectively, and were intended to restrain the arms race in strategic (long-range or intercontinental) ballistic missiles armed with nuclear weapons. Strategic Arms Limitation Talk.
What was the Carter Doctrine?
The Carter Doctrine was a policy proclaimed by President of the United States Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on January 23, 1980, which stated that the United States would use military force if necessary to defend its national interests in the Persian Gulf.
It was a response to the Soviet Union’s intervention of Afghanistan in 1979, and was intended to deter the Soviet Union—the United States’ Cold War adversary—from seeking hegemony in the Gulf.
What was the Malta Summit?
Both men announced that there would be a sizeable reduction in troops within Europe as a whole and that a reduction in weaponry would be the main plank of discussions at a meeting scheduled for June 1990 in 1989.
What is mass retailiation?
It is a military doctrine and nuclear strategy in which a state commits itself to reiterate in much greater force in the event of an attack.
What was the Tet offensive?
On January 31, 1968, some 70,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces launched the Tet Offensive was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War, launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese People’s Army of Vietnam against the forces
Nixon Doctrine
President Richard Nixon announces that henceforth the United States will expect its Asian allies to tend to their own military defense.
Postdam agreement
The Postdam conference involved Stalin, Truman and Clement Atlee where Germany was divided into zones controlled by one of the major powers.
Marshall Plan
An American initiative to aid Europe, in which the US gave 13 billion in economic support to help rebuild economies after the end of world war II. 1948
Yalta Conference
America, Russia and Britan meet in 1945 to discuss the future of Europe and Asia after the war.
Containment theory
the theory of containment was presented by George Kernan in 1947. The US used numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad. Containment is a military strategy to stop the expansion of an enemy. It is best known as the Cold War policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism abroad. A component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to enlarge communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, Africa, and Vietnam.
Berlin Airlift
April 1949, the soviet union blocked the western allies road to the road and central access to sections of Berlin and Germany.
Red China
China became communist in 1949.
When Did the Soviets discover the atomic bomb?
. On August 29, 1949
What was Domino Theory?
The Domino Theory was the belief that communism was an aggressive, expanding imperialism that would spread from one country to the next, until it dominated the world. This idea shaped US and Western foreign policy during the Cold War, particularly with regard to Asia. This paranoia hardened into the Domino Theory in the late 1940s, on the back of Stalin’s expansion into eastern Europe and the rise of communism in China. Western leaders came to believe that once communism gained a foothold in one nation, neighbouring countries would soon be infiltrated, overrun and seized by communists – much like a row of standing dominos topples, one knocking over the next until they have all fallen. 1954
Eisenhower gives famous “domino theory” speech
What was NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949. The organization constitutes a system of collective defence whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.
