Exam Revision <3 Flashcards
Paragraphs for the health inequalities essay
- Lifestyle Choices
- Social Class
- Age
- Gender
Paragraphs for the wealth inequalities essay
- Gender
- Education
- Unemployment
- Age
Paragraphs for the government responses to inequalities essay
- Universal Credit
- Child Benefits
- National Living Wage/Real Living Wage
- Pensions
Paragraphs for the Effect inequalities has on groups/groups
- Poor health
- Poor education
- Poor mental health
-Women
Paragraphs for the Parliamentary Representatives
- Powers of the house of lords
- Voting on bills
- Prime Ministers questions
- Select Committees
Paragraphs for the Individuals and groups
- Pressure groups
- Petitions
- Political Parties
- Vote
Paragraphs for the Pressure groups
- BMA
- Extinction Rebellion
- Stop Trump Coalition
- DPAC
Paragraphs for the voting systems FPTP
ABBA
- Proportional
- Wasted Seats etc
- Impacts
- Parliamentary Reps
Paragraphs for the political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making
POTUS
- Commander in chief
- Supreme court
- Veto’s
- Executive orders
Paragraphs for the USA democratic participation
- Voting
- Political parties
- Interest groups
- Protests
Paragraphs for the Socio-economic inequalities on specific groups
- Education
- Employment
- Poverty
- Health
IN THAT ORDER
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender paragraph points:
- Caring Responsibilities
- Gender pay gap
- Glass ceiling
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender:-
Caring responsibilities stats:
- 90% lone parents are female
- 38% vs 13% women vs men part time
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender:-
Gender pay gap stats:
- 15% pay gap
- 5 C’s - 75% are female
- “Male” jobs pay more
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender:-
Glass ceiling stats:
- Makes women promotions harder
- More Davids in the FTSE 100 than women
- Barrier is cracking in education
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Unemployment paragraph points:
- Reliance on benefits
- Low pay
- Underemployment
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Unemployment:-
Reliance on benefits stats:
- 5 week delay for UC
- Only 8% said it covered costs
- 20K benefits cap
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Unemployment:-
Low pay stat:
National living wage is £9.50 is below real living wage £9.90
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Unemployment:-
Underemployment stat:
1.8million people in the UK have a 0 hour contract
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lack of education paragraph points:
- More change of unemployment
- Lower paid jobs
- Women in education
- Pay differences
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lack of education:-
More chance of underemployment stat:
90% of UNI men employed vs 65% of NAT5’s
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lack of education:-
Lower paid job stat:
Uni grads earn 12K more per year
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lack of education:-
Women in education stats:
- Girls outperform boys in all subjects
- Women are 35% more likely to go to uni
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lack of education:-
Pay differences stat:
Graduates from a better background earn £6800 more with same degree
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Age paragraph points:
- Children don’t work
- Elderly dont work
(duh)
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Age:-
Children don’t work stats:
- 4.5mil to raise to 5.2 mil by 2023
- 70% of poor kids live with a working adult
- 1 in 4 kids are in poverty
WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Age:-
Elderly don’t work stats:
- Uk pension is 179.60 - lowest in developed countries
- 1.9million elderly peeps in poverty (decrease tho)
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lifestyle choice paragraph points:
- Smoking
- Alcohol
- Diet
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lifestyle choices:-
Smoking stats:
- Single most preventable cause of ill health
- 13000 die a year (25%)
- 35% of most deprived vs 10%
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lifestyle choices:-
Alcohol stats:
- 3700 deaths a year
- Poorest 10% are 6 times more likely to die via alcohol against richest 10%
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lifestyle choices:-
Diet stats:
- 2nd most preventable cause of cancer
- 86% of weins dont get their 5-a-day
- 1/3 cannot afford healthy food
- Healthy food is 3x more expensive calorie for calorie
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Social Class paragraph points:
- Poor housing
- Life Expectancy
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Social Class paragraph points:-
Poor housing stats:
- 1 in 10 scots houses damp
- Poor weins are 2.5x more likely to suffer from chronic illness
- Poor housing –> Mental health problems. Poorest boys are 2.5x more likely to SH than richest
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Social Class paragraph points:-
Life expectancy stat:
Poverty can take 15 years off life expectancy
Seaton and Mannofeild
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Age:
- Weaker immune systems
- Struggle to recover
- Illnesses being more common
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Age:-
ALL stats:
- 5000 elderly scots died dec 2017 due to cold weather
- Old peeps stay longer –> 2/5 NHS spending
- 98% of peeps with dementia are over 65
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender paragraph points:-
- Gender n Age
- Gender n’ mental health
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender paragraph points:-
Gender n’ age stats:
- Women live longer - just under 4 years
- 70% of over 75’s are female
HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender paragraph points:-
Gender n’ mental health stats:
- Woman are 3x more likely to suffer from anxiety n depression
- Suicide is biggest killer of scottish men aged 35-44
EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES
Poor Weins paragraph points:
- Physical health
- Mental Health
- Poor education
EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES
Poor Weins paragraph points:-
Physical health stats:
1 in 10 damp houses
-2.5x more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses
Healthy food 3x more expensive
- 1/3 cannot afford
- 40% of poor kids obese vs 27% in richer areas
2/3 child doctors link poverty to ill health
EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES
Poor Weins paragraph points:-
Mental health stats:
Bullying about housing, damp clothes etc
- Poorest boys 2.5x more likely to SH
- Children in poverty 40% more likely to suffer from social/emotional/behavioral problems
EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES
Poor Weins paragraph points:-
Poor Education stats:
- In 2016, 6 peeps from easterhouse went to glasgow uni, but 12 went to polmont
- SIMD 9/10 get 5 more highers than SIMD 1/2
EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES
Women paragraph points/stats:
- Inequality due to burdens (90% of lone parents)
-Part time (38% vs 13%)
-5 C’s (75% of them are female)
= Pay gap of 15% (glass ceiling n that)
GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Paragraph points:
- UC
- Child Benefit
- Pensions
- National Living Wage
GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Paragraph points:-
UC stats:
- 83% are happy with service
- Most agree it “financially motivates”
- 70% end up in debt due to 5 week wait
- 8% said it covers costs
- Foodbank use 4% higher in UC areas
- 2/3 reasons for food bank use is UC/benefits
- 12 backbench tories called for UC to be paused
GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Paragraph points:-
Child benefit stats:
- Helps over 7 million families
- Means testing on 1 income
- Kids in poverty are rising (4.5 to 5.2 by 2023)
- 1 in 4 scottish kids are in poverty
- Scottish child payment of £10 for poor kids under 6
GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Paragraph points:-
Pensions stats:
- Pensioners rates rose at double than average workers
- Pensioner poverty has reached historically low levels
- 1.9million still in poverty
- UK pensions lowest in developed countries
GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Paragraph points:-
National Living Wage stats:
- 1.6million benefitted from its intro
- 1/3 of women too
- 360 companies don’t pay it
- NLW is £9.50, still under RLW of 9.90
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Parliamentary Reps POINTS-
- Questions
- Voting on bills
- Select committees
- HOL
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Parliamentary Reps -
Questions:
Desc:
PMQ’s at 12pm - leader asks 6 questions - mps “bob” too
Effectiveness:
- Chance to make PM look bad
- Gain media attention
- PM can ignore
- Plastic fantastic
- Plotted question by the PM to make them look good
Examples:
Keir Starmer used PMQs to highlight failings within track n’ trace
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Parliamentary Reps -
Voting on bills:
Desc:
PM cannot pass an executive order, bills must be voted on by HOC and HOC
Effectiveness:
DEPENDS ON THE MAJORITY
- Conservative majority limits power
-Chief whips tells mps how to vote
Examples:
In 2019 21 tory MPs rebelled against bojo…. bojo said no n expelled them
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Parliamentary Reps -
Select Committees:
Desc:
Small groups of Mps from different parties that look that look at at specific issue n’ make recommendations to the government
Effectiveness:
- 40% of recommendations are taken on board
- People/companies can say no
- They are proportional
Examples:
-Women n’ inequalities claimed they were inadequate
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Parliamentary Reps -
HOL:
Desc: Appointed yet some are crossbenchers
Effectiveness:
- Whip was less influence
- No party has majority
- More time n’ expertise to look at bills
- Salisbury convention says they can’t stop manifesto or financial bills
Examples:
- Baroness michelle mone n’ Alan sugar appointed due to business stuffs
- HOL defeated tories 100 times through 2019-2021
- HOC forced through brexit bill
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Individuals n’ groups POINTS -
- Pressure groups
- Political parties
- Petitions
- Elections
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Individuals n’ groups -
Pressure groups:
-BMA
-Stop Trump Coalition
-DPAC
Extinction Rebellion
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Individuals n’ groups -
Political parties:
- LibDem n’ green - HIGH INFLUENCE - All party members can vote for next party leader
- Labour - LIMITED - Keir Starmer said nahhhh and only full members can vote from 2021
- Tories AKA scum - LIMITED - Choice of 2 - HIGH INFLUENCE - 124,000 vs 47million
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Individuals n’ groups -
Petitions:
Create em’ on UK parliament website
10,000 and Govt must respond
100,000 and must be debated
1.8million about trump
6+ million revoke article
DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- VOTING SYSTEMS -
Fptp:
- In 2019 the tories got 44% of votes but then got 56% of seats
- In 2017, 1.8 million stots votes were wasted, 77.5% in edinburgh south were wasted.
- RICHmond is tory safe, KNOWsley is labour safe
- In 2017 NE Fife was won by SNP by 2 votes
- Greens got 800,000 but won 1 seat
- 1 MP (hannah bardell)
WORLD POWERS
- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making POINTS-
- POTUS is commander in chief
- POTUS appointed to SC
- POTUS n’ vetos
- POTUS can issue E.O
WORLD POWERS
- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making -
POTUS is commander in chief:
Limit:
Only congress can declare war
Analysis:
POTUS can still deploy troops
Examples:
- Trump ordered a drone strike that killed an iranian general
- Trump deployed 7000 troops to mexican
- Military threat resulted in peace meeting with north korea
WORLD POWERS
- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making -
POTUS can appoint to SC:
Limit:
Senate approval needed. Only 9
Analysis
- Depends on what party has the majority in the senate
- Trump appointed 1/3 in 1 term
Examples:
- Obama tried to appoint merrick Garland
- Trump appointed Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh n’ Amy Barrett
WORLD POWERS
- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making -
POTUS veto:
Limit:
Congress can overturn with 2/3 of each house
Analysis:
2/3 is alot
Examples:
-Trump didn’t veto for 2 years
THEN
-Trump veto over border state of emergency
-And again with Yeman
-Trump vet overturned with defense spending bill
WORLD POWERS
- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making -
POTUS n’ EO:
Limit:
SC can rule it unconstitutional
Analysis:
- Depends on the balance of liberal/conservative judges.
- Trumps appointment have shifted the balance - more TORIES aka republican
Examples:
- Trump signed more in his first year than any other president in the last 50 years e.g trump travel ban
- SC was 5-4 in his favor
- Trump signed EO on police reform due to public pressure
- Biden signed 15 EO’s hours after being president e.g removing travel ban
WORLD POWERS
- Democratic participation POINTS -
- Voting
- Political parties
- Interest groups
- Protests
WORLD POWERS
- Democratic participation -
Voting:
- Get to vote for many position
- 2020 turnout had a turnout of 2/3
- Range of candidates (Kayne)
- Really only 2 candidates can win (Kanye got 0.03%)
- In 2016 Trump won 306 Electoral votes with 47% of the vote, biden got the same with 51%
- In 2016 Trump got 47% and Clinton got 48% yet trump won
WORLD POWERS
- Democratic participation -
Political party:
Republicans 31mil
Demo 44mil
- Allows you to take part in presidential primaries
- Choice is limited as only 2 parties stand a choice
- Other parties include marijuana party
WORLD POWERS
- Democratic participation -
INTEREST groups:
NRA
- 2nd amendment
- Clim 5mil members but closer to 3mil (tiny when compared to 325mil population)
- Rank congressmen on A-F depending on how pro-gun they are
- Spend 250mil a year
- Fund political campaigns (21mil to trump)
- Obama supports tighter gun control
Never Again MSD
- Florida school shooting
- Celeb support n’ walkouts
- Trump agreed to ban bump stocks
WORLD POWERS
- Democratic participation -
Protest:
- First amendment right
- Black lives matter
- Brett kavenugh SA claims n still got appointed
WORLD POWERS
- Socio economic bs POINTS -
- Education
- Employment
- Poverty
- Health
WORLD POWERS
- Socio economic bs -
Education
Cause -Funding varies AVG 11k/12k - inner 6k -suburbs 40k -Hispanics language barrier -Tuition in 8% increase -AVG is 40k
Extent
- 9% hispanics 5% of whites
- lower tho
Impact
- 11yr old are 33% more likely to have a novice teacher
- Ethnic minorities are less likely to go to college
- only 17% of hispanics have a degree
WORLD POWERS
- Socio economic bs -
Employment
Extent
- Blacks are twice as ikely to be unemployed (3% vs 6%)
- All time low
- Unemployment rates have dropped for all races
- Blacks wages are 30% lower than whites
- Aisians earn the most
Cause
- Poor education
- Discrimination… black sounding names etc
WORLD POWERS
- Socio economic bs -
Poverty
Extent:
- Both hisp and AA experiance 2x as much poverty (20% vs 10%)
- 55% of blacks are now middle class or above
Cause:
AA and hisp have lower pay n more unemployment
WORLD POWERS
- Socio economic bs -
Health
Extent:
- 28.5 million don’t have health insurance
- 50% needing medicare are AA or hisp
- 17% of hisp vs 8% of whites without insurance
- Uninsured rates halved and the gap between races has decreased
Cause :
- higher unemployment for blacks n hispanics
- language barrier for hisp
- illegal immigation
Impact:
-Black have lowest life expantancy 74 vs whites 78
