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mods > Exam Revision <3 > Flashcards

Exam Revision <3 Flashcards

1
Q

Paragraphs for the health inequalities essay

A
  • Lifestyle Choices
  • Social Class
  • Age
  • Gender
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2
Q

Paragraphs for the wealth inequalities essay

A
  • Gender
  • Education
  • Unemployment
  • Age
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3
Q

Paragraphs for the government responses to inequalities essay

A
  • Universal Credit
  • Child Benefits
  • National Living Wage/Real Living Wage
  • Pensions
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4
Q

Paragraphs for the Effect inequalities has on groups/groups

A
  • Poor health
  • Poor education
  • Poor mental health

-Women

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5
Q

Paragraphs for the Parliamentary Representatives

A
  • Powers of the house of lords
  • Voting on bills
  • Prime Ministers questions
  • Select Committees
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6
Q

Paragraphs for the Individuals and groups

A
  • Pressure groups
  • Petitions
  • Political Parties
  • Vote
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7
Q

Paragraphs for the Pressure groups

A
  • BMA
  • Extinction Rebellion
  • Stop Trump Coalition
  • DPAC
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8
Q

Paragraphs for the voting systems FPTP

A

ABBA

  • Proportional
  • Wasted Seats etc
  • Impacts
  • Parliamentary Reps
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9
Q

Paragraphs for the political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making

A

POTUS

  • Commander in chief
  • Supreme court
  • Veto’s
  • Executive orders
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10
Q

Paragraphs for the USA democratic participation

A
  • Voting
  • Political parties
  • Interest groups
  • Protests
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11
Q

Paragraphs for the Socio-economic inequalities on specific groups

A
  • Education
  • Employment
  • Poverty
  • Health

IN THAT ORDER

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12
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES

Gender paragraph points:

A
  • Caring Responsibilities
  • Gender pay gap
  • Glass ceiling
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13
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender:-
Caring responsibilities stats:

A
  • 90% lone parents are female

- 38% vs 13% women vs men part time

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14
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender:-
Gender pay gap stats:

A
  • 15% pay gap
  • 5 C’s - 75% are female
  • “Male” jobs pay more
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15
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender:-
Glass ceiling stats:

A
  • Makes women promotions harder
  • More Davids in the FTSE 100 than women
  • Barrier is cracking in education
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16
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES

Unemployment paragraph points:

A
  • Reliance on benefits
  • Low pay
  • Underemployment
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17
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Unemployment:-
Reliance on benefits stats:

A
  • 5 week delay for UC
  • Only 8% said it covered costs
  • 20K benefits cap
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18
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Unemployment:-
Low pay stat:

A

National living wage is £9.50 is below real living wage £9.90

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19
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Unemployment:-
Underemployment stat:

A

1.8million people in the UK have a 0 hour contract

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20
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES

Lack of education paragraph points:

A
  • More change of unemployment
  • Lower paid jobs
  • Women in education
  • Pay differences
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21
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lack of education:-
More chance of underemployment stat:

A

90% of UNI men employed vs 65% of NAT5’s

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22
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lack of education:-
Lower paid job stat:

A

Uni grads earn 12K more per year

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23
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lack of education:-
Women in education stats:

A
  • Girls outperform boys in all subjects

- Women are 35% more likely to go to uni

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24
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lack of education:-
Pay differences stat:

A

Graduates from a better background earn £6800 more with same degree

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25
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES

Age paragraph points:

A
  • Children don’t work
  • Elderly dont work

(duh)

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26
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Age:-
Children don’t work stats:

A
  • 4.5mil to raise to 5.2 mil by 2023
  • 70% of poor kids live with a working adult
  • 1 in 4 kids are in poverty
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27
Q

WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Age:-
Elderly don’t work stats:

A
  • Uk pension is 179.60 - lowest in developed countries

- 1.9million elderly peeps in poverty (decrease tho)

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28
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES

Lifestyle choice paragraph points:

A
  • Smoking
  • Alcohol
  • Diet
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29
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lifestyle choices:-
Smoking stats:

A
  • Single most preventable cause of ill health
  • 13000 die a year (25%)
  • 35% of most deprived vs 10%
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30
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lifestyle choices:-
Alcohol stats:

A
  • 3700 deaths a year

- Poorest 10% are 6 times more likely to die via alcohol against richest 10%

31
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Lifestyle choices:-
Diet stats:

A
  • 2nd most preventable cause of cancer
  • 86% of weins dont get their 5-a-day
  • 1/3 cannot afford healthy food
  • Healthy food is 3x more expensive calorie for calorie
32
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES

Social Class paragraph points:

A
  • Poor housing

- Life Expectancy

33
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Social Class paragraph points:-
Poor housing stats:

A
  • 1 in 10 scots houses damp
  • Poor weins are 2.5x more likely to suffer from chronic illness
  • Poor housing –> Mental health problems. Poorest boys are 2.5x more likely to SH than richest
34
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Social Class paragraph points:-
Life expectancy stat:

A

Poverty can take 15 years off life expectancy

Seaton and Mannofeild

35
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES

Age:

A
  • Weaker immune systems
  • Struggle to recover
  • Illnesses being more common
36
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Age:-
ALL stats:

A
  • 5000 elderly scots died dec 2017 due to cold weather
  • Old peeps stay longer –> 2/5 NHS spending
  • 98% of peeps with dementia are over 65
37
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES

Gender paragraph points:-

A
  • Gender n Age

- Gender n’ mental health

38
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender paragraph points:-
Gender n’ age stats:

A
  • Women live longer - just under 4 years

- 70% of over 75’s are female

39
Q

HEALTH INEQUALITIES
Gender paragraph points:-
Gender n’ mental health stats:

A
  • Woman are 3x more likely to suffer from anxiety n depression
  • Suicide is biggest killer of scottish men aged 35-44
40
Q

EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES

Poor Weins paragraph points:

A
  • Physical health
  • Mental Health
  • Poor education
41
Q

EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES
Poor Weins paragraph points:-
Physical health stats:

A

1 in 10 damp houses
-2.5x more likely to suffer from chronic illnesses

Healthy food 3x more expensive

  • 1/3 cannot afford
  • 40% of poor kids obese vs 27% in richer areas

2/3 child doctors link poverty to ill health

42
Q

EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES
Poor Weins paragraph points:-
Mental health stats:

A

Bullying about housing, damp clothes etc

  • Poorest boys 2.5x more likely to SH
  • Children in poverty 40% more likely to suffer from social/emotional/behavioral problems
43
Q

EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES
Poor Weins paragraph points:-
Poor Education stats:

A
  • In 2016, 6 peeps from easterhouse went to glasgow uni, but 12 went to polmont
  • SIMD 9/10 get 5 more highers than SIMD 1/2
44
Q

EFFECT OF INEQUALITIES

Women paragraph points/stats:

A
  • Inequality due to burdens (90% of lone parents)
    -Part time (38% vs 13%)
    -5 C’s (75% of them are female)
    = Pay gap of 15% (glass ceiling n that)
45
Q

GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES

Paragraph points:

A
  • UC
  • Child Benefit
  • Pensions
  • National Living Wage
46
Q

GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Paragraph points:-
UC stats:

A
  • 83% are happy with service
  • Most agree it “financially motivates”
  • 70% end up in debt due to 5 week wait
  • 8% said it covers costs
  • Foodbank use 4% higher in UC areas
  • 2/3 reasons for food bank use is UC/benefits
  • 12 backbench tories called for UC to be paused
47
Q

GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Paragraph points:-
Child benefit stats:

A
  • Helps over 7 million families
  • Means testing on 1 income
  • Kids in poverty are rising (4.5 to 5.2 by 2023)
  • 1 in 4 scottish kids are in poverty
  • Scottish child payment of £10 for poor kids under 6
48
Q

GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Paragraph points:-
Pensions stats:

A
  • Pensioners rates rose at double than average workers
  • Pensioner poverty has reached historically low levels
  • 1.9million still in poverty
  • UK pensions lowest in developed countries
49
Q

GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO WEALTH INEQUALITIES
Paragraph points:-
National Living Wage stats:

A
  • 1.6million benefitted from its intro
  • 1/3 of women too
  • 360 companies don’t pay it
  • NLW is £9.50, still under RLW of 9.90
50
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK

- Parliamentary Reps POINTS-

A
  • Questions
  • Voting on bills
  • Select committees
  • HOL
51
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Parliamentary Reps -
Questions:

A

Desc:
PMQ’s at 12pm - leader asks 6 questions - mps “bob” too

Effectiveness:

  • Chance to make PM look bad
  • Gain media attention
  • PM can ignore
  • Plastic fantastic
  • Plotted question by the PM to make them look good

Examples:
Keir Starmer used PMQs to highlight failings within track n’ trace

52
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Parliamentary Reps -
Voting on bills:

A

Desc:
PM cannot pass an executive order, bills must be voted on by HOC and HOC

Effectiveness:
DEPENDS ON THE MAJORITY
- Conservative majority limits power
-Chief whips tells mps how to vote

Examples:
In 2019 21 tory MPs rebelled against bojo…. bojo said no n expelled them

53
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Parliamentary Reps -
Select Committees:

A

Desc:
Small groups of Mps from different parties that look that look at at specific issue n’ make recommendations to the government

Effectiveness:

  • 40% of recommendations are taken on board
  • People/companies can say no
  • They are proportional

Examples:
-Women n’ inequalities claimed they were inadequate

54
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Parliamentary Reps -
HOL:

A

Desc: Appointed yet some are crossbenchers

Effectiveness:

  • Whip was less influence
  • No party has majority
  • More time n’ expertise to look at bills
  • Salisbury convention says they can’t stop manifesto or financial bills

Examples:

  • Baroness michelle mone n’ Alan sugar appointed due to business stuffs
  • HOL defeated tories 100 times through 2019-2021
  • HOC forced through brexit bill
55
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK

- Individuals n’ groups POINTS -

A
  • Pressure groups
  • Political parties
  • Petitions
  • Elections
56
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Individuals n’ groups -
Pressure groups:

A

-BMA
-Stop Trump Coalition
-DPAC
Extinction Rebellion

57
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Individuals n’ groups -
Political parties:

A
  • LibDem n’ green - HIGH INFLUENCE - All party members can vote for next party leader
  • Labour - LIMITED - Keir Starmer said nahhhh and only full members can vote from 2021
  • Tories AKA scum - LIMITED - Choice of 2 - HIGH INFLUENCE - 124,000 vs 47million
58
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- Individuals n’ groups -
Petitions:

A

Create em’ on UK parliament website

10,000 and Govt must respond
100,000 and must be debated

1.8million about trump
6+ million revoke article

59
Q

DEMOCRACY IN THE UK
- VOTING SYSTEMS -
Fptp:

A
  • In 2019 the tories got 44% of votes but then got 56% of seats
  • In 2017, 1.8 million stots votes were wasted, 77.5% in edinburgh south were wasted.
  • RICHmond is tory safe, KNOWsley is labour safe
  • In 2017 NE Fife was won by SNP by 2 votes
  • Greens got 800,000 but won 1 seat
  • 1 MP (hannah bardell)
60
Q

WORLD POWERS

- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making POINTS-

A
  • POTUS is commander in chief
  • POTUS appointed to SC
  • POTUS n’ vetos
  • POTUS can issue E.O
61
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making -
POTUS is commander in chief:

A

Limit:
Only congress can declare war

Analysis:
POTUS can still deploy troops

Examples:

  • Trump ordered a drone strike that killed an iranian general
  • Trump deployed 7000 troops to mexican
  • Military threat resulted in peace meeting with north korea
62
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making -
POTUS can appoint to SC:

A

Limit:
Senate approval needed. Only 9

Analysis

  • Depends on what party has the majority in the senate
  • Trump appointed 1/3 in 1 term

Examples:

  • Obama tried to appoint merrick Garland
  • Trump appointed Neil Gorsuch, Brett Kavanaugh n’ Amy Barrett
63
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making -
POTUS veto:

A

Limit:
Congress can overturn with 2/3 of each house

Analysis:
2/3 is alot

Examples:
-Trump didn’t veto for 2 years
THEN
-Trump veto over border state of emergency
-And again with Yeman
-Trump vet overturned with defense spending bill

64
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Political institutions and their ability to dominate decision making -
POTUS n’ EO:

A

Limit:
SC can rule it unconstitutional

Analysis:

  • Depends on the balance of liberal/conservative judges.
  • Trumps appointment have shifted the balance - more TORIES aka republican

Examples:

  • Trump signed more in his first year than any other president in the last 50 years e.g trump travel ban
  • SC was 5-4 in his favor
  • Trump signed EO on police reform due to public pressure
  • Biden signed 15 EO’s hours after being president e.g removing travel ban
65
Q

WORLD POWERS

- Democratic participation POINTS -

A
  • Voting
  • Political parties
  • Interest groups
  • Protests
66
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Democratic participation -
Voting:

A
  • Get to vote for many position
  • 2020 turnout had a turnout of 2/3
  • Range of candidates (Kayne)
  • Really only 2 candidates can win (Kanye got 0.03%)
  • In 2016 Trump won 306 Electoral votes with 47% of the vote, biden got the same with 51%
  • In 2016 Trump got 47% and Clinton got 48% yet trump won
67
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Democratic participation -
Political party:

A

Republicans 31mil
Demo 44mil

  • Allows you to take part in presidential primaries
  • Choice is limited as only 2 parties stand a choice
  • Other parties include marijuana party
68
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Democratic participation -
INTEREST groups:

A

NRA

  • 2nd amendment
  • Clim 5mil members but closer to 3mil (tiny when compared to 325mil population)
  • Rank congressmen on A-F depending on how pro-gun they are
  • Spend 250mil a year
  • Fund political campaigns (21mil to trump)
  • Obama supports tighter gun control

Never Again MSD

  • Florida school shooting
  • Celeb support n’ walkouts
  • Trump agreed to ban bump stocks
69
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Democratic participation -
Protest:

A
  • First amendment right
  • Black lives matter
  • Brett kavenugh SA claims n still got appointed
70
Q

WORLD POWERS

- Socio economic bs POINTS -

A
  • Education
  • Employment
  • Poverty
  • Health
71
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Socio economic bs -
Education

A 
Cause
-Funding varies
AVG 11k/12k - inner 6k -suburbs 40k
-Hispanics language barrier
-Tuition in 8% increase
-AVG is 40k

Extent

  • 9% hispanics 5% of whites
  • lower tho

Impact

  • 11yr old are 33% more likely to have a novice teacher
  • Ethnic minorities are less likely to go to college
  • only 17% of hispanics have a degree
72
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Socio economic bs -
Employment

A

Extent

  • Blacks are twice as ikely to be unemployed (3% vs 6%)
  • All time low
  • Unemployment rates have dropped for all races
  • Blacks wages are 30% lower than whites
  • Aisians earn the most

Cause

  • Poor education
  • Discrimination… black sounding names etc
73
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Socio economic bs -
Poverty

A

Extent:

  • Both hisp and AA experiance 2x as much poverty (20% vs 10%)
  • 55% of blacks are now middle class or above

Cause:
AA and hisp have lower pay n more unemployment

74
Q

WORLD POWERS
- Socio economic bs -
Health

A

Extent:

  • 28.5 million don’t have health insurance
  • 50% needing medicare are AA or hisp
  • 17% of hisp vs 8% of whites without insurance
  • Uninsured rates halved and the gap between races has decreased

Cause :

  • higher unemployment for blacks n hispanics
  • language barrier for hisp
  • illegal immigation

Impact:
-Black have lowest life expantancy 74 vs whites 78

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