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ATPL Navigation > Exam Revision 2024 > Flashcards

Exam Revision 2024 Flashcards

1
Q

A VOR operates on the principal of
A frequency differential
B amplitude modulation
C phase differential
D frequency modulation

A

C phase differential

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2
Q

An error commonly associated with the VOR is
A co channel interference
B coastal refraction
C night effect
D site error

A

D site error

AVGAS
Airborne equipment error (error within the receiver itself)
Vertical polarisation error (when plane is in bank so antenna not level)
Ground station error (from the equipment)
Aggregate error (the total of all errors combined usually +/- 5 degrees)
Site/terrain error (bending/scalloping of signals due to obstacles close to the site)

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3
Q

Aircraft bonding
A the relationship betweens planes and pilots
B preventing static electricity build up on the airframe
C ensuring an even electrical potential between parts on the airframe
D advanced composite glues used in modern aircraft manufacture

A

C ensuring an even electrical potential between parts on the airframe

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4
Q

At ranges greater than line of sight the type of radio wave propagation on which the the ADF/NDB system relies to provide accurate information is
A the direct wave
B the sky wave
C the ground wave
D a combination of ground and sky wave

A

C the ground wave
The night time range of an NDB is only dependable over distances where the ground wave
transmission predominates, which is approximately 60 miles over land and 100 miles over
sea under reasonable propagating conditions. As the distance increases the ratio of
indirect to direct waves will increase and bearing indications will become erratic. Treat with
caution NDB reception beyond these ranges.

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5
Q

ADF sense antenna
A resolves the 180 degree ambiguity
B fine tunes the NDB frequency
C identifies the maximum signal position
D identifies the null

A

A resolves the 180 degree ambiguity

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6
Q

An advantage of secondary radar over primary
A its reflected more strongly by the target
B allows contouring of weather returns
C is not subject to attenuation
D may contain coded information

A

D may contain coded information

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7
Q

At ranges up to line of sight the type of radio wave propagation on which the the ADF/NDB system relies to provide accurate information is
A the direct wave
B the sky wave
C the ground wave
D a combination of ground and sky wave

A

A the direct wave

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8
Q

ADF loop antenna
A resolves the 180 degree ambiguity
B fine tunes the NDB frequency
C identifies the maximum signal position
D identifies the null

A

D identifies the null

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9
Q

In an ILS display full scale deflection occures when the aircraft is
A .7 degrees below the glide path
B .5 degrees below the glide path
C 1.0 degrees below the glide path
D 1.4 degrees below the glide path

A

A .7 degrees below the glide path

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10
Q

Advantages of direct reading magnetic compass over the gyrostabilised remote indicating compass are
A minimal errors effective anywhere on globe
B not reliant on external power, simple construction and economical
C output can be slaved to other instruments, stable readout in turbulence
D unaffected by latitude, inexpensive and lightweight

A

B not reliant on external power, simple construction and economical

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11
Q

Aircraft weather radar suffer from attenuation. The term ‘attenuation’ means
A mixing of ground clutter with cloud returns
B weakening of radar transmissions and returns
C unwanted returns from side lobes
D distortion of beam width and pulse length

A

B weakening of radar transmissions and returns

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12
Q

Advantages the gyrostabilised remote indicating compass over the direct reading compass is
A it is not affected by magnetic variation
B turning and acceleration errors are minimised
C it is not affected by magnetic influences in the aircraft
D the complete system can be mounted behind the instrument panel

A

B turning and acceleration errors are minimised

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13
Q

With regard to the RMI constant oscillation of the annunciator indicates
A the gyro cannot be aligned and the system has failed
B the gyro is being realigned so the system cant be used until realignment is complete
C the flux valve is unable to correctly sense the earths magnetic field
D the system is operating normally and the gyro is hunting about the mean position

A

D the system is operating normally and the gyro is hunting about the mean position

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14
Q

The ability of airborne weather radar to distinguish between targets at the same altitude and bearing but at different ranges (range resolution) is determined by
A transmitter power
B antenna size
C wave length
D pulse length
E beam width

A

D pulse length

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15
Q

What is the difference between true mach and indicated Mach on the Machmeter

A

True Mach is basically indicated Mach that has been corrected for pitot-static system position error and instrument error

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16
Q

What kind of antenna uses horizontal polarisation

A

VOR

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17
Q

What is a straight line on a mercator?

A

Rhumb Line

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18
Q

Advantage of single side band receiver?

A

The main advantage is that unlike AM where a great deal of power is wasted in the carrier and another side-band(power is spread across a greater bandwidth) that is a mirror image, SSB concentrates all of its power in the transmitted sideband, and draws no power in the quiescent (non-modulating) state

Economical

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19
Q

How many satellites for receiver clock error
A 4
B 5
C 1
D 2

A

A 4

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20
Q

what is the advantage of an IVSI

A

they contain accelerometer-actuated air pumps to reduce the lag time inherent in simple VSIs

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21
Q

MF Wave

A

Primary wave and secondary wave

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22
Q

Equivalent Airspeed (EAS) may be defined as Calibrated Airspeed (CAS) corrected for -

1
instrument error
2
position error
3
altitude/density error
4
compressibility error

A

4
compressibility error

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23
Q

A directional gyro (DG) is corrected for Earth Rate errors at latitude 40N and is then used at latitude 40S.

In this case, compared to an uncompensated gyro, the Earth Rate errors at the new latitude will be -

1
the same
2
doubled
3
halved
4
nil

A

2
doubled

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24
Q

Your EFIS equipped aircraft RNAV system is automatically updating. During the update you would notice -

1
the autopilot disconnect
2
the EHSI MAP change its display
3
a warning light illuminate
4
a synthetic voice tell you of the change

A

2
the EHSI MAP change its display

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25
Q

The radio frequency band which makes extensive use of skywave signal propagation is -

1
SHF
2
UHF
3
VHF
4
HF

A

4
HF

26
Q

The following RF band which is most susceptible to static interference is -

1
UHF
2
VHF
3
MF
4
FM

A

3
MF

27
Q

If an aircraft heading south over continental Australia suddenly decelerates, the compass reading will initially
A turn east
B turn west
C remain steady
D oscillate then return to its original heading

A

C remain steady

ONUS
Acceleration errors
Overshoot north
undershoot south

28
Q

If an aircraft heading East over continental Australia suddenly decelerates, the compass reading will initially
A turn North
B turn South
C remain steady
D oscillate then return to its original heading

A

A turn North
SAND

29
Q

A vertical axis gyroscope at the south pole
A drift and topple maximum
B drift and topple zero due to earth rate rotation zero
C drift zero topple maximum
D drift maximum topple zero

A

B drift and topple zero due to earth rate rotation zero

VERTICAL AXIS CAN ONLY TOPPLE

30
Q

A horizontal axis gyroscope at the south pole
A drift and topple maximum
B drift and topple zero due to earth rate rotation zero
C drift zero topple maximum
D drift maximum topple zero

A

D drift maximum topple zero

MAX Dr Pepper at the pole
Zero tacos at pole
Skinny girl at the pole

31
Q

For accurate altitude measurements, the number of channels a GPS receiver needs is
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

A

D 4

32
Q

The most significant GPS errors are from
A The ionosphere
B solar flares
C micro meters
D thunderstorms

A

A The ionosphere

33
Q

Use of the pseudo random code allows
A each satellite to transmit on the same frequency
B each satellite to transmit on the same code
C each satellite to transmit on both AM and FM
D each satellite to transmit in turn

A

A each satellite to transmit on the same frequency

34
Q

Which is NOT a characteristic of the ‘P’ code
A it is for use only by the US defence authorised users
B it can be encrypted
C it is more accurate than the C/A code
D It is on a higher frequency than the C/A Code

A

It is on a higher frequency than the C/A Code

35
Q

In relation to background radio nose GPS signal is
A weaker
B stronger
C the same
D on a different frequency

A

A weaker

36
Q

When operating airborne weather radar, the ‘parked’ position to be used when not operating the tilt control should -

1
show a light sprinkle of ground returns
2
not show any ground returns
3
be adjusted for terrain mapping with full down tilt
4
be full up tilt to determine the height of the cloud tops

A

1
show a light sprinkle of ground returns

37
Q

A twin needle RMI in an aircraft in cruise inbound to an airport has one needle linked to the ADF (tuned to an NDB at the destination airport) showing NDB track to the station, and the other needle linked to the VOR (tuned to a ground station at the destination airport) showing the VOR track to the station.

If the aircraft executes a minimum radius 360 degree turn, then during the turn you would expect -

1
both the ADF needle and the VOR needle will rotate with the card
2
the ADF needle will rotate with the card but the VOR needle will remain stationary
3
the ADF needle will remain stationary but the VOR needle will rotate with the card
4
both the ADF needle and the VOR needle will remain stationary

A

1
both the ADF needle and the VOR needle will rotate with the card

38
Q

The True Mach Number (TMN) of an aircraft is the mach number corrected for -

1
density error, temperature error, position error, pressure error and instrument error
2
position error and instrument error
3
pressure error and density error and instrument error
4
temperature error and density error

A

2
position error and instrument error

TMN is Mach corrected for Pie 🥧

39
Q

At a constant FL and Mach Number, if the temperature increases the IAS will -

1
increase
2
decrease
3
initially increase and then decrease
4
stay the same

A

4
stay the same

40
Q

An error commonly associated with the localiser of an ILS is -

1
ionospheric effects
2
course reversal
3
site effect
4
vertical polarisation

A

2
course reversal

41
Q

When considering the use of HF radio for communication, and having a range of available frequencies, it is usually best to use -

1
lower frequencies at night due to the lower ionosphere
2
lower frequencies at night due to the higher ionosphere
3
higher frequencies at night due to the lower ionosphere
4
higher frequencies at night due to the higher ionosphere

A

2
lower frequencies at night due to the higher ionosphere

42
Q

Demodulation is the process of -

1
reversing the modulation process of a radio signal so the intelligence may be extracted
2
detuning a radio receiver if a signal is too strong
3
replying to a radio signal
4
generating an opposing radio signal 180 deg out of phase with another to cause a cancellation of signal

A

1
reversing the modulation process of a radio signal so the intelligence may be extracted

43
Q

An error the Machmeter is subject to would be -

1
compressibility and temperature error
2
pressure error and instrument error
3
position and temperature error
4
compressibility and pressure error

A

2
pressure error and instrument error

PrInE

🥧

44
Q

The minimum required number of GNSS satellites to provide RAIM with Fault Detection and Exclusion (FDE) without Barometric Aiding is -

A

6
Fde123

45
Q

n a ‘Strapdown’ INS unit, the ring laser gyros measure -

1
displacement and distance from initial alignment or last update
2
angular movement
3
true north
4
velocity

A

2
angular movement

46
Q

An advantage of a servo-assisted altimeter over a conventional altimeter is -

1
automatic error compensation
2
an immediate indication of climb or descent with a change in aircraft pitch
3
reduced lag error at high altitude
4
accurate indication of height above the ground

A

3
reduced lag error at high altitude

47
Q

In regard to the GPS, integrity refers to -

1
the ability of the system to perform a specified function without failure under given conditions for a specified period of time
2
the ability of the system to provide timely warnings to users when that system should not be used for navigation
3
the ability of the system to provide useable service within the coverage area
4
the area of coverage over which the system is able to provide navigational data

A

2
the ability of the system to provide timely warnings to users when that system should not be used for navigation

48
Q

In an ILS receiver, the extended runway centre line is determined by the receiving equipment by -

1
a locus of phase comparison of the lobes
2
frequency comparison of the lobes
3
a locus equal lobe strength reception
4
doppler shift of the lobes

A

3
a locus equal lobe strength reception

49
Q

A great circle track is defined as -

1
a segment or arc of a circle which intersects all meridians at a constant angle
2
a segment or arc of a circle which intersects all meridians at 90 degrees
3
a segment or arc of a circle with a radius equal to that of the Earth’s radius
4
a segment or arc of a circle which divides the Earth into unequal halves

A

3
a segment or arc of a circle with a radius equal to that of the Earth’s radius

50
Q

An approved Area Navigation System (RNAV) may NOT utilise signals from -

1
a single IRS/INS
2
NDB/VOR
3
VOR/DME
4
DME/DME

A

2
NDB/VOR

51
Q

The maximum range of a pulsed radar array is limited primarily by the -

1
pulse repetition frequency
2
beam width
3
transmission frequency
4
transmitter power

A

1
pulse repetition frequency

52
Q

Tilt error in a conventional magnetic compass causes -

1
the compass to appear tilted when viewed from the side giving erroneous readings as a result of parallax error
2
the centre of gravity to become offset from the pivot point resulting in turning and acceleration errors, particularly at high latitudes
3
maximum errors at the equator
4
compass deviation which must be corrected for by a deviation card in the cockpit

A

2
the centre of gravity to become offset from the pivot point resulting in turning and acceleration errors, particularly at high latitudes

53
Q

The amount of transport apparent precession in a Directional Gyro is dependent on -

1
latitude change only, irrespective of longitude
2
latitude, provided there is some longitude change
3
longitude change only, irrespective of latitude
4
longitude, provided there is some latitude change

A

2
latitude, provided there is some longitude change

54
Q

An error associated with the NDB/ADF is -

1
vertical polarisation
2
ground station error
3
airborne equipment error
4
quadrantal error

A

4
quadrantal error

-Mountain effect
- Interference from other stations
- Night effect
- Thunderstorm effect
- Coastal refraction
- Height effect
- Accuracy
- Terrain error
- Quadrants error

MINTCHATQ

55
Q

With the receiver located at FL390, the theoretical maximum range of a VOR situated at sea level is -

FORMULA??

A

SQR 1.5 x receiver alt in ft
SQR 1.5 x alt
241nm

56
Q

The NDB station radiates a signal which is
a in two parts one constant and the other variable in phase dependant on relative pos to station
b omni directional
c in the VHF band
d calibrated for mag variation at the station

A

b omni directional

57
Q

Vertical Axis Gyro at the pole?
Topple or drift?

A

Zero

58
Q

A Machmeter is an ASI with an additional input of -

1
pressure altitude
2
outside air temperature (OAT)
3
acceleration
4
total air temperature (TAT)

A

1
pressure altitude

59
Q

An aircraft static source has become blocked while in cruise at a constant FL. If the aircraft now climbs to a higher FL the airspeed indicator (ASI) will -

1
read correctly
2
overread
3
underread
4
indicate zero airspeed

A

3
underread

60
Q

The principal advantage of a servo-assisted (electric) altimeter over a conventional altimeter is -

1
it has much greater accuracy at all altitudes
2
it has greatly reduced lag error at high altitudes only
3
it registers a change as soon as the aircraft pitch attitude changes
4
it does not require manual input of QNH

A

1
it has much greater accuracy at all altitudes

61
Q

On a Lambert’s conformal conical projection, which of the following are both rhumb lines and great circles?

1
all parallels of latitude except the equator
2
the equator and all meridians of longitude
3
all meridians of longitude and anti meridians and all parallels of latitude
4
all parallels of latitude

A

2
the equator and all meridians of longitude

62
Q
A

ATPL Navigation (2 decks)

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