Exam revision Flashcards
Types of fiber arrangements
Circular
-Convergent
-Parallel
-Pennate (fusiform)
Circular Types
- muscles around eyes and mouth.
Convergent:
Converge towards a single tendon (all ending at the same spot)
Types: - Pecs
Parallel (fusiform)
runs parallel down (never touches)
Types: bicep brachii
- Has the highest velocity contraction
Pennate:
Unipennate: Insert into only one side of tendon. Types; semimembranosis of leg
Bipennate: resembles a feather.
Types: rectus femoris
Multipennate: looks like many feathers side by side.
Types; Deltoid
Types of arthritis
Rheumatoid: Is a chronic disease that causes inflammation around the body commonly seen in joints.
Osteoarthritis: Is a degenerative joint condition only occurs in joints.
All or nothing principle
The all or nothing principle stats that of an electrical impulse within that motor neuron surpasses the threshold, all the muscle fibers within that motor unit will contract fully. If threshold is not surpassed, no change occurs at the muscle and they remain relaxed.
Size principle
The size principle states that the force produced by a muscle is directly proportional to the size and number of motor units required.
Reciprocal inhibition
Reciprocal inhibition involves muscles working together to produce movement.
Describe process of gaseous exchange at the alveoli/capillary.
Inspiration (diaphragm and intercostal muscles).
Inspiration:
-Intercostal muscles contract.
-Ribs move up & outwards.
-Same time diaphragm contracts downwards.
-Increases thoracic cavity causing pressure in lungs to decrease to air outside body.
Expiration (diaphragm and intercostal muscles).
-Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax.
-Ribs drop.
-Diaphragm adopts relaxed dome like shape in thoracic cavity.
-Air pressure increase until exceed air outside forcing expiration.
Oxygen def
When oxygen demand exceed body’s ability to supply it.
Steady state
When oxygen supply can meet oxygen demand.
