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Bio Med - Broken Bodies > Exam Revision > Flashcards

Exam Revision Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is biomedicine?

A

A field of study that focuses on the human body’s function.

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2
Q

Prokaryotic cells vs. eukaryotic cells

A

prokaryotic cells don’t have any membrane-bound organelles while eukaryotic cells do.

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3
Q

Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells

A

Plant cells have a vacuole, chloroplast and a cell wall, while animal cells have lysosomes.

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4
Q

Function of the Nucleus

A

stores genetic information and is the control centre of the cell.

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5
Q

Function of the Mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell, they generate energy for the cell.

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6
Q

Function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

Wraps around the nucleus and produces proteins for the rest of the cell.

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7
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Dotted with ribosomes and produces proteins

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8
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

produces and moves lipids

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9
Q

Ribosomes Function

A

Makes proteins for the cell.

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10
Q

Golgi Body Function

A

Packages proteins and sends them outside the cell.

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11
Q

Vacuole Function

A

Mainly found in plant cells; stores water and nutrients.

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12
Q

Chloroplast Function

A

Only found in plant cells; it produces energy using photosynthesis.

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13
Q

Cell Membrane Function

A

A barrier around cells that lets things in and out of the cell.

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14
Q

Lysosomes Function

A

Only found in animal cells; removes waste and helps with digestion.

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15
Q

Cell Wall Function

A

Surrounding the membrane only in plant cells, it holds a plant’s shape.

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16
Q

Cytoplasm Function

A

A jelly-like substance that fills the cell. It protects the organelles and gives the cell its shape.

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17
Q

Nucleolus Function

A

Circle inside the nucleus it produces and assembles the cell’s ribosomes.

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18
Q

What are the
main Excretory organs?

A

Kidneys, bladder, pelvis, ureter, urethra

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19
Q

What are lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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20
Q

What are Carbohydrates?

A

Simple sugars

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21
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Nucleotides

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22
Q

What are proteins?

A

Amino acids

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23
Q

What elements make lipids?

A

c - carbon
h - hydrogen
o - oxygen

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24
Q

What elements make carbohydrates?

A

c - carbon
h - hydrogen
o - oxygen

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25
Q

What elements make nucleic acids?

A

c - carbon
h - hydrogen
o - oxygen
n - nitrogen
p - phosphorus

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26
Q

What elements make proteins?

A

c - carbon
h - hydrogen
o - oxygen
n - nitrogen

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27
Q

How to test for lipids

A

Rub the food on filter paper if it goes translucent it has lipids.

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28
Q

How to test for carbohydrates

A

Add iodine to the food sample if it’s blue it has carbs

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29
Q

How to test for nucleic acids

A

All foods have nucleic acids

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30
Q

How to test for proteins

A

Add sodium hydroxide to the food; If its purple it has protein.

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31
Q

Examples of Lipids

A

fats, oils, waxes

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32
Q

Examples of carbohydrates

A

bread, beans, milk, pasta

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33
Q

Examples of nucleic acids

A

DNA, RNA

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34
Q

Examples of proteins

A

meat, eggs, dairy

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35
Q

What chemicals make up water?

A

two hydrogens, 1 oxygen
H2O

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36
Q

How your body uses water

A

Water helps to restore fluids lost through breathing, sweating, and the removal of waste.

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37
Q

How your body loses water

A

breathing, sweating and removal of waste

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38
Q

What are the 9 main parts of the heart?

A

Vena Cava, Aorta, Pulmonary Artery, Pulmonary Valve, Pulmonary Vein, Left Atrium, Right Atrium, Left Ventricle, Right Ventricle.

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39
Q

Function of the Heart

A

It pumps blood around your body.

40
Q

What are the 3 main blood vessels?

A

Capillaries, veins and arteries

41
Q

What is the smallest blood vessel?

A

capillaries

42
Q

What blood vessel takes blood away from the heart?

A

arteries

43
Q

What blood vessel carries oxygenated blood

A

Arteries

44
Q

What are the 4 components of blood?

A

plasma, platelets, red and white blood cells

45
Q

What is the role of platelets?

A

to clot blood and stop bleeding

46
Q

What is the role of white blood cells?

A

help the body fight infection and other diseases

47
Q

What is the role of a red blood cell?

A

carries oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body

48
Q

What is the role of plasma?

A

to take nutrients, hormones, and proteins to the parts of the body that need it

49
Q

What is the difference between heart rate and blood pressure?

A

The heart rate is the number of times that your heart beats per minute and your blood pressure count is how strong your blood moves through the blood vessels.

50
Q

What are the 8 types of blood?

A

A+, A-, B+, B-, AB+, AB-, O+ and O-

51
Q

What is the universal donor and recipient?

A

Doner - O-
Recipient - AB+

52
Q

Why can’t you get a blood transfusion with AB+ if you have 0-?

A

Your body will have both A and B antibodies and defend itself against the AB blood.

53
Q

What are the 4 types of joints?

A

Ball and socket, fixed, pivot and hinge

54
Q

How does a ball and socket joint move?

A

it can move in a 360° circle

55
Q

How does a fixed joint move?

A

It has no movement

56
Q

How does a pivot joint move?

A

it only allows rotary movement on your axis (neck)

57
Q

How does a hinge joint move?

A

Back and Forth

58
Q

What makes up a synovial joint?

A

the ends of bones are encased in smooth cartilage

59
Q

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum from the lowest frequency to the highest?

A

radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

60
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

television and radio broadcasts, military
communications, mobile phones

61
Q

What are infrared waves used for?

A

heat sensors, thermal imaging and night vision equipment.

62
Q

What is visible light used for?

A

photography, and electronic devices.

63
Q

What is ultraviolet (UV rays) light used for?

A

killing bacteria and causes sunburn and cancer

64
Q

What are X-rays used for?

A

to diagnose fractured bones or joint dislocation.

65
Q

What are gamma rays used for?

A

radiotherapy which shrinks tumours and kills cancer cells.

66
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue

67
Q

What is the epidermis and its function?

A

The outer layer of your skin It protects your body from harm.

68
Q

What is the dermis and its function?

A

The dermis is composed of collagen; It supports and protects the skin and deeper layers.

69
Q

What is subcutaneous tissue and its function?

A

The bottom layer of skin; insulates your body, protecting it from harm, and storing energy.

70
Q

What is the protein/substance that is missing from people with butterfly skin?

A

Collagen

71
Q

What does the lack of collagen do to people’s skin?

A

the epidermis pulls away from the dermis causing blisters and scarring.

72
Q

How do UV rays damage the skin?

A

it can damage the DNA in our skin cells

73
Q

What is the flow of the urinary system?

A

Kidneys-> ureter-> bladder-> urethra

74
Q

Function of the Kidneys

A

Removes waste products from the blood to make urine.

75
Q

Function of the Bladder

A

Stores urine

76
Q

Function of the Ureters

A

Tubes to transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

77
Q

Function of the Urethra

A

A tube connecting to the bladder to excrete urine.

78
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

The network of organs and tissues that help you breathe and remove carbon dioxide.

79
Q

List 2 respiratory diseases

A

Asthma, Cystic fibrosis

80
Q

What bones are in your arm?

A

Humerus, Ulna, Radius

81
Q

What bones are in your leg?

A

Femur, Fibula, Tibia

82
Q

What protects your heart and lungs?

A

Ribs

83
Q

What protects your brain?

A

Skull

84
Q

Compact bone Function

A

Protection and strength to bones

85
Q

Spongy bone Function

A

A type of bone tissue found at the ends of long bones and in the middle of other bones, it contains red bone marrow.

86
Q

Arteries Function

A

Takes oxygen-rich blood away from the heart

87
Q

Veins

A

Brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart

88
Q

Bone Marrow

A

Found in the centre of bones, there are two types of bone marrow: red and yellow.

89
Q

Epiphyses Function and where it’s found

A

The epiphysis is the rounded end of the long bone, its function is to form joints with adjacent bones.

90
Q

Diapyhses

A

The main portions of a long bone

91
Q

What is the role of the musculoskeletal system?

A

To give your body movement, protection and support

92
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A

Smooth, skeletal and cardiac

93
Q

Where is smooth muscle found?

A

In the wall of hollow organs.

94
Q

Where is skeletal muscle found?

A

Throughout the body, attached to bones via tendons.

95
Q

Where is cardiac muscle found?

A

In the heart

Bio Med - Broken Bodies (3 decks)

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