EXAM REVISION Flashcards
1
Q
What is another name for Tui Na?
A
An Mo
2
Q
What does Tui Na stand for?
A
Tui means grasping, Na means pushing
3
Q
What does An Mo stand for?
A
An means pressing, Mo means round rubbing or simply rub
4
Q
What are the five major methods of Tui Na?
A
- Yi Zhi Chan Tui Na = one finger meditation school
- Gun Fa = rolling school
- An Fa = point pressure school
4. Ji Dian Fa = striking school - Neigong = internal exercise school
5
Q
What are the traditional actions of Tui Na?
A
- Keep the balance between Yin and Yang
- Dredges the channels and collaterals
3. Regulation of Qi and Blood
4. Regulation of Zang Fu - Restores injured soft tissues
- Lubricating the joints
6
Q
What are the contraindications of Tui Na?
A
Pregnancy and abdomen/lower back during pregnancy Fractures and open wounds Malignant tumours Acute infectious diseases Haemorrhaging Intoxicated or altered mental state
7
Q
What is WHS for Tui Na?
A
Checking equipment, checking for hazards, replacing equipment, working within your scope, client self-disclosure, following WHS guidelines, avoid working alone, self care.
8
Q
What are some adverse events after receiving Tui Na?
A
Dizziness, vertigo, disorientated, nausea and vomiting.
9
Q
Two important stances when receiving Tui Na?
A
Horse stance: feet roughly two shoulder widths apart, knees bent
Bow stance: left or right foot in front and the other at the back, knees slightly bent and toes facing off on an angle.
10
Q
What is mobilisation versus manipulation?
A
In mobilisation joints remain in their normal range of movement and motion. Mobilisation does not involve elements of thrust, force or speed. Manipulation is not to be performed by TuiNa practitioners as it is not within our scope of practice. National law places restriction of spinal manipulation in Australia.
11
Q
What are some tips and indications for passive movements?
A
Ask the patient to move the joint as far as possible through its natural range of movement, ask them to tell you whether they feel restriction or pain.
Before applying passive movements, stimulate distal and local points and work with basic other techniques on the channels and sinews that relate to that joint first.
12
Q
What are the 6 major branches of Tui Na techniques?
A
- Swaying methods
Kneading (Rou Fa), rolling (Gun Fa) and one finger meditation (Yi Zhi Chan Tui Fa)
2. Rubbing methods Round rubbing, scrubbing (Ca Fa), pushing (Tui Fa), rub rolling (Cuo Fa), wiping (Ma Fa) - Pressing methods
Pressing (an fa), surpassing (ya fa), finger pressing (dian fa), grasping (Na Fa), plucking (Tan Bo Fa), flicking (Tan Fa), holding twisting (Nian Fa), squeezing and tweaking (Che fa).
Compound movements: pressing
Revolving method (an rou fa), holding-grasping, pressing and rubbing (an mo), grasping and kneading and pushing/pressing
4. Vibrating methods Shaking (Dou Fa) and Vibrating (Zhen Fa) - Percussion methods Chopping (Ji Fa), patting (Pai Fa), dotting (Kou Fa) and hammer (Chui Fa)
- Joint movement Rotating (Yao Fa) and Stretching (Ba Shen Fa).
13
Q
What is Rou Fa?
A
Rou Fa is Kneading. It is a swaying technique that can be applied anywhere on the body using the thumb, fingers, forearm and elbow.
14
Q
What is the movement of Rou Fa?
A
This technique requires slow circular movements that are deep and gentle, not superficial.
15
Q
What are the actions of Rou Fa?
A
This technique stimulates the actions of the points, regulates Qi and Blood, reduces swelling, relaxes muscles and relieves spasm, stops pain, dredges the channels, expels wind and cold, opens the chest and strengthens the stomach and Spleen.
16
Q
What is Rou Fa indicated for?
A
This technique is indicated for headaches, migraines, dizziness, insomnia, menstrual pain, muscular pain, stress, anxiety and depression.
17
Q
What is Gun Fa?
A
Gun Fa is the rolling method and is part of the swaying methods.
In this technique the arm is positioned at 120 degrees and is consistent in frequency; it rolls like a wave. The dorsum of the hand and met of the little fingers is used at a frequency of 120-160 times per minute.
18
Q
What is the movement of Gun Fa?
A
The movement consists of the starting position, rolling in and rolling out. This technique is deep, penetrating and warming.
19
Q
What is the function of Gun Fa?
A
It dredges the channels, clears pathogenic wind, cold and damp, promotes qi and blood circulation, relaxes the tendons and muscles, breaks up adhesions, alleviates pain and muscle spasms, reduces swelling and lubricates the joints.
20
Q
What are the indications for Gun Fa?
A
The indications where this technique could be applied to treat are: Bi syndrome (tennis elbow, frozen shoulder), Wei syndrome (stroke, paralysis, numbness) and abdominal pain.
21
Q
What is a caution for Gun Fa?
A
When applying this technique bumping between the hand and body surface should be avoided as well as using this technique along the spinous processes as it may cause discomfort.
22
Q
What are the mechanics of Gun Fa?
A
Starting position - Rolling out and Rolling in Rolling the hollow palm to produce a continuous force by extending and flexing the wrist and twirling of the forearm. Force is via the dorm of the hand esp. the metacarpophalangeal joint of the little finger. The force and pressure is even. Constant frequency that rolls like a wave. The shoulder and arm try to relax as the elbow bends to 120 degrees during the operation. Drop the shoulder and hang down the elbow .
23
Q
What is Yi Zhi Chan Tui Fa?
A
This technique is the Tui Na version of the acupuncturists needle, it requires small focused, rocking movements of the thumb. It is a Yin focused technique. It involves using the tip or whole surface of the thumb to push the acupoint or region using the forearm to power the movement. This movement belongs to the swaying methods.
24
Q
What are the functions of Yi Zhi Chan Tui Fa?
A
This technique activates circulation of Qi and Blood, disperses Qi stagnation, blood stasis and food retention, strengthens the stomach and spleen and regulates Wei and Ying Qi.
25
What are the indications for one finger mediation?
This technique is indicated for headache, insomnia, dizziness, hypertension, abdominal/epigastric pain, poor digestion.
26
What is a caution for one finger meditation?
It is important to protect the thumb joint when applying this technique.
27
What are the mechanics of one finger meditation?
Preparation, rocking out and rocking in. The forearm is used to power the movement.
The wrist is flexed and the thumb joint extended. The shoulder, elbow, wrist and fingers are relaxed. The thumb and skin should move as one. 120-160 per minute. To tonify, be gentle, to disperse, be vigourous.
28
What is Cuo Fa?
Known as Rub rolling, it is part of the rubbing methods.
This technique is usually used at the end of a treatment as it helps to relax the patient and regulates qi and blood. This technique is applied with the whole palm and fingers of both hands. The exertion of force applied should be symmetric, the twisting movement should be rapid and the moving action should be slow.
29
What are the functions of Cuo Fa?
This technique relaxes the muscles and tendons, regulates qi and blood flow, disperses stagnation, dredges the channels and collaterals, harmonises the middle jiao, disperses stagnant liver Qi, aids respiration, moves Blood, eases pain and relieves spasm of tendons and muscles.
30
Where is Cuo Fa applied? And what are the indications?
This technique can be applied for indications such as asthma, fullness and distension in the chest, frozen shoulder and RSI. This technique can be used on the shoulder, arm, hands, ribcage, legs and feet.
31
What is a caution for Cuo Fa?
It is important to be aware of the amount of pressure being applied when using this technique.
32
What is Ca Fa?
Ca Fa is known as scrubbing and is part of the rubbing techniques.
This technique involves rubbing straight back and forth with the palms, the thenar or ulnar aspect of the palm. The frequency of this method is 100 times per minute and lubricant can be added to prevent the skin from burning.
33
What are the functions of Ca Fa?
This technique warms the meridians and organs, removes obstructions from the meridians and organs, promotes circulation of qi and blood, reduces swelling, stops pain, strengthens the Stomach and Spleen, Expels wind and Cold and Opens the chest.
34
What can Ca Fa be applied for?
This technique can applied for indications such as lower back pain, sciatica, deficiency of qi and blood, deficient conditions of the internal organs and musculoskeletal problems. It’s important to apply this technique after others so that skin legions are not caused. This technique can be applied to the back, chest and abdomen. The palm heel or thenar eminence is best for the legs and arms, the little finger edge of hand is best for the sacrum and lower back.
35
What is Tui Fa?
Tui Fa is called pushing and is part of the rubbing methods.
This is a simple method that is used along a meridian and applied over clothes, sheet or skin. This technique can be applied using the thumb, fingers, palm heel, knuckles or elbow.
36
What are the actions of Tui Fa?
Tui Fa opens and warms the channels, dredges the channels, moves Qi and blood, relaxes muscles and sinews, relieves pain, clears the head, promotes qi circulation in the chest and aids respiration, strengthens the Stomach and Spleen, improves digestion and harmonises the middle jiao.
37
When can Tui Fa be applied?
This technique can be applied for indications such as headaches, dizziness, anxiety, insomnia, cough, asthma, digestive problems, stiff neck, muscular spasm, bi syndrome and backache.
38
What is a caution for Tui Fa?
Its important to avoid to and fro movement in this technique and push in one direction only. This technique can be applied all over the body.
39
What is Ma Fa?
Ma Fa is wiping and belongs to the rubbing methods.
This technique is gentle and brisk and is usually applied to the face, head, neck and chest. This technique is applied using one thumb (neck) or two thumbs (face), this technique is gentle but not superficial. 100/120 strokes per minute.
40
What are the functions of Ma Fa?
Ma Fa calms the Shen, clears the head, improves the eyesight and brings Qi to the sense organs, disperses congestion and stagnation, soothes pain, relaxes the channel sinews and aids the circulation of Qi and Blood.
41
What does Ma Fa treat?
his technique can treat anxiety, insomnia, depression, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, common cold, cough, asthma, headaches, facial paralysis, dizziness, hypertension, stiff neck, myopia, aches and pains.
42
Where can Ma Fa be applied?
It's important to not apply this technique deeply. It can be applied to the face, head, neck, nape, chest and ribs.
43
What is An Fa?
An Fa is pressing and belongs to the Pressing techniques.
Involves pressing acupuncture points or certain locations of the body with the tips of the fingers or flexed finger joints. Its important to note that finger pressing is Dian Fa and Pressing is An Fa which can be applied using the forearm and palm of the hand.
44
What is the function of An Fa?
This technique dispels anxiety, relaxes and strengthens the muscles and tendons, relieves muscle pains and spasms, clears meridians and regulates qi and blood flow in the meridians, mobilises joints, regulates functions of the internal organs and calms the mind.
45
What is An Fa indicated for?
An Fa is indicated for insomnia, anxiety, headaches, digestive disorders, respiratory disorders, menstrual disorders, fertility problems, general muscular aches and pains, bi syndrome.
46
What is a caution for An Fa?
Please be careful of the level of force that is applied in this technique.
47
What is a caution for Dian Fa?
Dian Fa is finger pressing. Apply carefully to people who are elderly, weak or frail.
48
What are the mechanics of An Fa?
The part exerting force should closely attach to the body surface of the patient without moving and the force should be perpendicular directly to the focus. The force should be steady and slowly and increase from light to heavy. Violent force should be avoided.
49
What is Ya Fa?
Ya Fa means surpressing and belongs to the pressing methods.
This technique is a stronger and more intense version of An Fa and is applied using the elbow, forearm, knees and heels. It gives strong and persistent stimulation and is used on large muscular areas.
50
What are the functions of Ya Fa?
This technique moves channel obstruction, relaxes spasm, relieves pain, moves stagnant qi and blood, expels wind, disperses cold, drains damp from channels. Subdues rising of Liver Yang.
51
Where is Ya Fa applied?
This technique can be applied to large muscle groups and deep points such as the buttocks, back and legs.
52
What is Ya Fa indicated for?
Ya Fa is indicated for back pain due to wind cold damp and bi syndrome, congested, tend BL and GB channels, middle jiao disharmony, emotional stress and depression.
53
What is a caution for Ya Fa?
Be careful, modify force over the lumbar region.
54
What are the mechanics for Ya Fa?
The pressing method is more dynamic while the pressing method is more static. Duration of pressing is longer, the force of pressing is light with small stimulation whereas the force of suppressing is strong with great stimulation.
55
What is Na Fa?
Na Fa means grasping and belongs to the pressing techniques.
This method is frequently used, it is applied with the pads of the thumb, index and middle finger. It involves squeezing soft tissues inwards in a rhythmical movement.
56
What is the function of Na Fa?
This technique relaxes the muscles and tendons, relieves spasm and pain, dredges the channels, expels wind and dissipates cold, promotes qi and blood circulation.
57
What is Na Fa indicated for?
Na Fa is indicated for lower back pain, numbness and hemiplegia, sinusitis, headaches, stiff neck and dizziness.
58
What is a caution for Na Fa?
A caution for this technique is to pinch subcutaneous tissues rather than just slipping on the skin
59
Where can Na Fa be applied on the body?
Apply Na Fa to the head, shoulders, abdomen, back, waist and limbs.
60
What is Tan Bo Fa?
Tan Bo Fa is called Plucking.
Tan Bo Fa is a powerful Yang style technique that treats channel sinew problems and breaks up adhesions and is to be applied after a warm-up technique. This technique gives an intense sensation and is applied using the thumb.
61
What are the functions of Tan Bo Fa?
Tan Bo Fa breaks up adhesions and scar tissue, transforming the shape and structure of the body, it releases and clears the channel sinews (deep stagnation).
62
What is Tan Bo Fa indicated for?
It is indicated for adhesions, scar tissue, muscular contractions, scoliosis, old traumatic injuries, and hip problems.
63
What is a caution for Tan Bo Fa technique?
This technique is strong, use kneading and rubbing after this technique to smooth qi and blood.
64
Where can Tan Bo Fa be applied?
This techinque can be used on the channel sinews, tendons and old trauma.
65
What is Tan Fa?
Tan Fa is flicking.
This method is performed by using a finger to flick against the body, the index finger can be bent against the thumb or middle finger and then forcefully flicked against the body.
66
What is the function of Tan Fa?
This technique stimulates the flow of Qi and Blood, disperses stagnation, relieves painful joints, dispels wind and cold, stops pain, relaxes tendons and dredges the meridians.
67
What is Tan Fa indicated for?
his technique is indicated for osteoarthritic joints, frozen shoulder, tennis/golfers elbow, sciatica and often performed on tenderness or ashi points.
68
What is a caution for Tan Fa?
Rheumatoid arthritic joints should be approached with caution.
69
What is Nian Fa?
Nian Fa is holding and twisting.
This method is applied to the fingers and toes and is applied with the thumb and index or middle finger. Its important to keep your fingers relaxed and imagine you are polishing a coin.
70
What is the function of Nian Fa?
This technique eases swelling, opens finger and toe joints, alleviates pain and numbness, relaxes the muscles and tendons, promotes Qi and Blood circulation locally, dredges stagnation in channel.
71
What is Nian Fa indicated for?
This technique is indicated for bi syndrome, sprains, swelling, numbness, pain and trigger finger/thumb.
72
What is Che Fa?
Che Fa is squeezing and tweaking.
This technique stimulates points and sections of channels, it is a strong technique to receive and is effective to expel Wind, Heat/Cold and moving Blood stasis. This technique stimulates the points, expels pathogenic factors (wind/cold, wind/heat), aids menstruation and digestion, disperses stasis.
73
What are the indications for Che Fa?
he indications for for Che Fa are external wind-cold and wind-heat invasions, stiff neck and headaches, digestion, nausea and motion sickness and superficial Bi syndrome.
74
What is a caution for Che Fa?
A caution for this technique is to not grip the skin too tightly. Che Fa can be used at any point along the channel: head, face, neck, chest and abdomen, hands and feet.
75
What is An Rou Fa?
This technique is a combination of pressing and kneading. It is a deeper and more penetrating technique than kneading and is applied with the muscles of the forearm and occasionally the tip of the elbow.
76
What is Dou Fa?
Applied to the arms and legs, often alternated with rub rolling (cuo fa), this technique relaxes the muscles and joints.
77
What is the function of Dou Fa?
Dou Fa regulates the flow of Qi and Blood in the limbs, relaxes the muscles and joints as well as removes obstructions from the channels.
78
What can Dou Fa be used for?
It can be used for muscular sinew problems of limbs, aches and pains due to injuries and RSI, Bi Syndrome, frozen shoulder, tennis elbow, sciatica, often performed on tenderness or ashi points.
79
What is the Vibrating method? Zhen Fa?
Zhen Fa is A difficult technique, one of the main Yin style techniques. It transmits a high frequency up and down vibration into the body, requires strong internal Qi. Its important to be grounded, place dominant hand palm on the rice bag, focus on breathing and help to gather Qi in the dantian.
80
What are the functions and indications of Zhen Fa?
This technique is deep, moving and warming. This technique can be used for insomnia, headaches, anxiety, vertigo, poor memory, dull thinking, poor concentration and poor vision, digestive disorders, gynaecological disorders caused by cold or Qi/Blood stasis.
81
What is Ji Fa?
Ji Fa is the chopping method and is part of the percussive techniques.
It is applied by Striking the body quickly and rhythmically driven by the wrist joint
Creates a wave of vibration through the channels invigorating Qi.
Often used to eliminate Phlegm from the Lungs and dampness from the channels.
82
What are the functions of Ji Fa?
```
Opens and relives the chest
Eliminates Phlegm (chest, back)
Relaxes tendons and muscles
Stimulates the flow of Qi and Blood
Dissipates stagnation of Qi and Blood
Dredges channels
Eases pain
```
83
What are the indications of Ji Fa?
```
Respiratory problems with Phlegm.
Tiredness and sluggishness due to stagnation/damp
Flatulence/abdominal distension due to Liver/Qi stagnation
Wind Damp Bi syndrome
Hemiplegia
Muscular spasm
Lower backache
Lumbar sprain
Muscular stiffness/aching
```
84
What are the cautions for Ji Fa?
Make sure to bounce – don’t stop, drag or whip
Exertion of force should be quick, transient and perpendicular with short duration and even rhythm.
Avoid using too much force.
Contraindications: tuberculosis, severe osteoporosis, bone or other tumour, coronary heart disease, patient with pacemaker for heart.
85
Where is Ji Fa applied on the body?
Head, shoulders, back, chest, arms, abdomen, buttocks, legs.
86
What is Pai Fa?
Pa Fa is Patting. It is a Percussive and dissipative technique. Used at the end of treatment.
Knock 3-10 times on each area and pat affected area steadily and rhythmically 100-120 times per min.
Often used to eliminate Phlegm from the Lungs and dampness from the channels.
Force should be perpendicular. The direction of the finger is parallel with the channels.
87
What are the functions of Pai Fa?
```
Relaxes the muscles and tendons
Relieves muscle spasms and aching pain
Activates movement of Qi and Blood, treats blood stasis
Aids the chest, aids breathing, clears phlegm from the chest
Dredges channels of Damp Heat
Regulate stomach and intestines
Quells fire
Clears heat
```
88
What are the indications of Pai Fa?
Headaches and dizziness
Coughs with retention of phlegm, difficulty breathing, chest oppression
Nausea, vomiting, digestive problems with damp or blood stasis
Bi Syndrome joint pain – hot and damp
Lower back ache.
89
What are the cautions for Pai Fa?
Pat flat to body surface, avoid dragging or whipping
Avoid deviation of force as this is painful.
Contraindications: tuberculosis, severe osteoporosis, bone or other tumour, coronary heart disease, patient with pacemaker for heart.
90
Where is Pai Fa applied?
Head, shoulders, back, ribs, arms, abdomen, hips, legs.
91
What is Chui Fa?
Chui Fa is the Hammer method.
Hammer method is the most powerful of the percussion strokes. This method is performed with a closed upright fist with the fleshy ulnar surface making contact or prone fist.
Strokes should be brisk, loose, elastic, even, rhythmical and start slow and build in speed and force.
92
What are the functions of Chui Fa?
```
Improve hearing and eyesight
Tranquilize the mind
Relieve the chest
Eliminate Phlegm
Disperse cold
Expel wind
Dredge apertures
Ease joints
```
93
What are the indications for Chui Fa?
Headache, tinnitus, dizziness
Insomnia
Heaviness and distension in the chest and abdomen
Hiccups
Laboured breathing due to phlegm
Joint pain and stiffness, restricted movement, cold, damp bi syndrome.
94
What are the cautions for Chui Fa?
Be careful with percussion over the heart
Contraindications: tuberculosis, severe osteoporosis, bone or other tumour, coronary heart disease, patient with pacemaker for heart.
95
Where can Chui Fa be applied?
Shoulders, back, arms, buttocks, legs.
96
What is Kou Fa?
Kou Fa is the dotting method.
Variation of chopping or knocking, equal/belong to gentle chopping. Performed with the fist loosely and use the flattened finger surface but not the knuckles to percuss the points or body part.
97
What are the functions of Kou Fa?
```
Relax tendons and muscles
Activate Qi and Blood
Disperse cold, expel wind and dampness
Dredge channels
Relieve pain
Ease joints
Promote tissue regeneration
Relieve spasm
Harmonise Yin and Yang
Regulate functions of internal organs
```
98
What are the indications of Kou Fa?
Hemiplegia, numbness, flaccid paralysis, muscle wasting and atrophy, difficult joint motion, joint pain due to bi syndrome.
99
What are the cautions of Kou Fa?
Avoid heavy force when performing dotting
Avoid dotting over the heart
Patient should feel relax and comfortable after the performance of this technique.
100
Where can Kou Fa be applied?
Points, shoulders, back, ribs, arms, abdomen, hips, legs.
101
What is Ba Shen Fa?
Ba Shen Fa is the stretching method. Stretching the channel sinews to create space for the joints. Used towards end of treatment.
Hold either side of the joint. Pull your hands in opposite directions Hold 20-30 seconds. In the case of the neck use the patient’s body weight.
102
What are the functions of Ba Shen Fa?
```
Regulates Qi and Blood flow
Relaxes muscles and tendons
Free obstruction from joints and channel sinews
Releases adhesions
Helps to realign joints
Alleviates pain
```
103
What are the indications for Ba Shen Fa?
Bi syndrome, wei syndrome, headaches and migraine (neck).
Musculoskeletal disorders and injuries: frozen shoulder, tennis elbow, acute lumbar sprain, RSI, carpal tunnel syndrome, trigger finger.
104
What are the cautions for Ba Shen Fa?
Warm up area first
Do not force a joint outside normal range of motion.
Avoid violent force and action.
Be careful with the neck.
105
Where can Ba Shen Fa be applied?
Cervical vertebrae, shoulders, elbows, wrists, fingers, lumbar vertebrae, hips, knees, ankles, toes.
106
What is Yao Fa?
Yao Fa is the rotating method.
Passive circular movement of the joints through natural range of movement.
Designed to lubricate joints and relax surrounding tissue.
Applied when channel sinews are warm.
Patient needs to be relaxed and allow you to take the weight of their arm, leg or head.
Support the patients head at occiput and forehead/chin.
Use small, smooth circles to rotate the patients head. Gradually increase the circle size.
Repeat 10 times and rotate head the other way.
107
What are the functions of Yao Fa?
```
Helping Qi and Blood to flow to joints
Restoring joints full range of movement
Relaxes muscles, tendons and ligaments
Breaks up adhesions
Releases muscular spasm
```
108
What are the indications of Yao Fa?
Joint and channel sinew problems: stiffness, swelling and pain. Restricted joint mobility, frozen shoulder, tennis/golfers elbow, injuries, bi syndrome, wei syndrome.
109
What are the cautions for Yao Fa?
CAUTIONS: be aware of the normal joint movement.
If a joint is dysfunctional, adjust your technique.
Take great care with the neck.
For patients with excessive stiffness of cervical muscles, supine position is advisable.
110
Where can Yao Fa be applied?
Neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists, waist, hips, knees, ankles and any joint in the body.
