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Intro to Counselling > Exam revision > Flashcards

Exam revision Flashcards

1
Q

Ego psychology theorists view therapy in terms of assisting clients in gaining awareness of their defences and helping them develop better ways of coping with these defences

True
False

A

True

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2
Q

The analyst listens in a respectful, open-minded way and pays attention to both what is spoken and to what is unspoken

True
False

A

True

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3
Q

Ruled by the pleasure principle - which is aimed at reducing tension, avoiding pain, and gaining pleasure - the ego is illogical, amoral and driven to satisfy instinctual

True
Fals

A

False

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4
Q

Jung’s analytical psychology is an elaborate explanation of human nature that combines ideas from history, mythology, anthropology and religion

True
False

A

True

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5
Q

Transference is central to understanding psychodynamic therapy, whereas countertransference is not

True
False

A

False

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6
Q

Paychoanalytically-orientated therapy can be made appropriate for culturally diverse populations if techniques are modified to fit the setting in which a therapist practices

True
False

A

True

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7
Q

Countertransference is rarely associated with a range of emotionally charged responses such as withdrawal, anger, love, annoyance, powerlessness, avoidance, over identification, control and sadness

True
False

A

False

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8
Q

Ego psychology is not part of classical psychoanalysis with the emphasis placed on the vocabulary of id, ego and superego

True
False

A

False

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9
Q

In classical psychoanalysis, analysts typically avoid engaging in self-disclosure and assume a mom-judgemental stance

True
False

A

True

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10
Q

The therapist’s countertransference reactions re abnormal because all therapists should have resolved all conflicts and personal vulnerabilities that could be activated through their professional work while in school

True
False

A

False

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11
Q

A primary aim of psychodynamic approaches is

. To lead a client to solve their problems the way the therapist wants them to solve them
. To decrease the client’s need to solve their own problems
. Fostering of client’s capacities to expect others to solve their own problems
. Fostering of client’s capacities to solve their own problems

A

Fostering of client’s capacities to solve their own problems

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12
Q

The ‘Working through’ process allows clients to complete all of the following except:

. Repeat and explore conscious events of the past that are pleasant
. Become accepting of their defensive structure
. Recognise that their way of being may have served a purpose in the past
. Understanding a change can be beneficial in the present

A

Repeat and explore conscious events of the past that are pleasant

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13
Q

A key outcome of our own therapy is

. shock
. countertransference
. humility
. peace

A

humility

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14
Q

Analytic therapy focuses on ____ that are happening in the moment in the therapy sessions

. Behaviours, feelings and appointment pattern
. Knowledge, thoughts and ideas
. Feelings, ideas and knowledge
. Feelings, perceptions and action

A

Feelings, perceptions and actions

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15
Q

Current findings of interpersonal neurobiology lend string support for the psychoanalytic relationship as having a lasting treatment effect with clients who have suffered with histories of

. Healthy relationships and attention
. Interpersonal relationships and shock
. Interpersonal trauma and neglect
. Therapeutic relationships and therapy

A

Interpersonal trauma and neglect

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16
Q

Personal therapy and clinical supervision for therapists can be most helpful in better understanding how their internal reactions influence the therapy process and:

. How to use these countertransference reactions to benefit the work of therapy
. How to use these counterference reactions to steer therapy
. How to use these transference reactions to benefit the work of personal relationships
. How to use these transference reactions to mimic a healthy therapeutic relationship

A

How to use these counterference reactions to benefit the work of therapy

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17
Q

Psychodynamic therapists know the importance of

. Interpretations without focusing on tact and timing
. Interpreting everything the client reveals; not focusing on specific timing
. Not making interpretations for clients
. When and how to make interpretations; tact and timing are essential for effective interpretations

A

When and how to make interpretations; tact and timing are essential for effective interpretations

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18
Q

_____ is an important procedure for uncovering unconscious material and giving the client insight into some areas of unresolved problems.

. Dream analysis
. Transference
. Countertransference
. Interpretation

A

Dream analysis

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19
Q

_____ is the dream as it appears to the dreamer

. Manifest content
. Latent content
. Transference content
. Dream content

A

Manifest content

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20
Q

___ is anything that works against the progress of therapy and prevents the client from producing previously unconscious material

. Resistance
. Interpretation
. Dream work
. Analysis

A

Resistance

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21
Q

Psychodynamic therapists remain alert to all of the following except:

. Transference manifestations
. Are concerned with unconscious material
. Offer interpretations to defences and resistance
. Explore the clients past only

A

Explore the clients past only

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22
Q

The process by which the latent content of a dream is transformed into the less threatening manifest content is called

. Latent content
. Transference
. Manifest content
. Dream work

A

Dream work

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23
Q

The therapeutic relationship is central to all of the following except:

. Self-understanding
exploration on the part of the therapist
. increasing self-awareness
. exploration on the part of clients

A

exploration on the part of the therapist

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24
Q

____ consists of hidden, symbolic, and unconscious motives, wishes and fears

. latent content
. manifest content
. Dream work
. transference

A

latent content

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25
Q

The ability of therapists to gain self-understanding and to establish appropriate boundaries with clients is critical in managing and effectively using their:

. therapeutic boundaries
. transference experiences
. countertransference reactions
. addictions

A

countertransference reactions

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26
Q

‘Mandatory ethics’ is a higher level of ethical practice that addresses doing what is in the best interests of clients

true
False

A

False

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27
Q

It is unethical for us to meet our personal needs through our professional work

True
False

A

False

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28
Q

Professional codes of ethics educate counselling practitioners and the general public about the responsibilities of the profession and they provide a basis for accountability

true
false

A

true

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29
Q

Practitioners anxious to avoid any litigation may gear their practices mainly toward fulfilling legal minimums

true
false

A

true

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30
Q

Looking at the relevant ethics codes for general guidance is the last step one should take when faced with an ethical problem.

true
false

A

false

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31
Q

‘Informed consent’ is an ethical requirement that is an integral part of the therapeutic process; however it is not a legal requirement

true
false

A

false

32
Q

Informed consent is a positive approach that helps clients become active partners and true collaborators in their therapy

true
false

A

true

33
Q

‘Privileged communication’ is a legal concept that protects clients from having their confidential communications revealed in court without their permission

true
false

A

true

34
Q

In reasoning through any ethical dilemma, there is usually just one course of action to follow

true
false

A

false

35
Q

The central aim of evidence-based practice is to require psychotherapists to base their practice on techniques that have empirical evidence to support their efficacy

true
false

A

true

36
Q

Which of the following statements about diagnosis is not true?

. diagnosis may include an explanation of the causes of the clients difficulties
. diagnosis is always a part of the assessment process in counselling
. diagnosis consists of identifying a specific mental disorder based on a pattern of symptoms
. the purpose of diagnosis in counselling and psychotherapy is to identify disruptions in a clients present behaviour and lifestyle

A

diagnosis is always a part of the assessment process in counseling

37
Q

what is the primary rationale of conducting a comprehensive assessment of the client as the initial step in the therapeutic process?

. those who conduct comprehensive assessments of their clients are protected from being sued for malpractice
. specific counselling goals cannot be formulated and appropriate treatment strategies cannot be designed until a clients past and present functioning is understood
. insurance companies require clinicians to submit a comprehensive assessment of the client in order to fully reimburse them for services

A

specific counselling goals cannot be formulated and appropriate treatment strategies cannot be designed until a clients past and present functioning is understood

38
Q

What does the acronym DSM stand for?

. diagnostic and statistical measurement reference guide
. development and statistical measurement of mental disorders
. deviance and sociopathy manual
. diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

A

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

39
Q

Kendra is bi-racial client who presents as being reserved and passive and who makes minimal eye contact. Her therapist should:

. view Kendra’s behaviour as resistance to the therapeutic process
. consider that Kendra’s behaviour and mannerisms may reflect distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns
. diagnose Kendra as being depressed
. confront Kendra immediately to ensure that future sessions are more productive

A

consider that Kendra’s behaviour and mannerisms may reflect distinctive ethnic and cultural patterns

40
Q

Generally speaking, the concept of priviledged communication applies to which of the following:

. individual counselling
. couples counselling and family therapy
. child and adolescent therapy
. group counselling

A

individual counselling

41
Q

David is a counsellor trainee who is working in a mental health centre under the supervision of Dr. Garcia. In order to behave in an ethical manner, David should:

. Ask Dr. Garcia to sit in on every session he conducts to ensure that he is developing competence
. refuse to work with actual clients until he is highly competent therapist
. inform his clients at the outset of counselling that he plans to consult with his supervisor Dr. Garcia in order to ensure that he is providing them with high quality care

A

inform his clients at the outset of counselling that he plans to consult with his supervisor Dr. Garcia in order to ensure that he is providing them with high quality care

42
Q

Ethics codes:

. are intended to provide ready-made answers for the ethical dilemmas that practitioners will encounter
. are best used as guidelines to formulate sound reasoning and serve practitioners in making the best judgements possible
. are so general that they are of little, if any, use to clinicians

A

are best used as guidelines to formulate sound reasoning and serve practitioners in making the best judgements possible

43
Q

Paula recently discovered that two of her clients that she sees individually has a stormy relationship in the past. She is wondering whether she can remain objective in working with them. Paula should do all of the following except:

. discuss options with other professionals to get their perspectives
. brainstorm various possible courses of action
. look at the relevant ethics codes for general guidance on the matter
. first inform both clients of her issue

A

first inform both clients of her issue

44
Q

When the author uses the term multiple relationships, he is referring to

. serial monogamy
. the pattern that some clients have of cheating on their significant others and juggling several relationships at once.
. the large caseloads of therapists
. dual relationships and nonprofessional relationships

A

dual relationships and nonprofessional relationships

45
Q

In many mental health settings, clinicians are pressured to use interventions that:

. are brief and standardised
. are research supported even if they are length
. focus on early childhood experiences
. tap into unconscious dynamics

A

are brief and standardised

46
Q

Which of the following is not one of the three pillars of EBP?

. relying on the best available legal advice
. taking into consideration the clients characteristics, culture and preferences
. relying on clinical expertise
. looking for the best available research

A

relying on the best available legal advise

47
Q

Which of the following is not a vital contributor to the success of psychotherapy?

. environmental factors
. the therapists personality and therapeutic style
. the client
. the therapeutic method employed

A

the therapeutic method employed

48
Q

The ACA code of ethics stresses that counselling professionals must learn how to:

. eliminate multiple role altogether in order to keep boundaries from becoming blurred
. sensitively confront colleagues who are juggling multiple roles
. manage multiple roles and responsibilities in an ethical way
. file ethics complaints when they witness a colleague engaging n various professional roles

A

manage multiple roles and responsibilities in an ethical way

49
Q

Except for ____, which is unequivocally unethical, there is not much consensus regarding the appropriate way to deal with multiple relationships

. sexual intimacy with current clients
. bartering with clients
. socialising with clients
. all of these

A

sexual intimacy with current clients

50
Q

Dr. Hernandez has been invited to the wedding of her client Cynthia. If she accepts the invitation:

. Dr, Hernandez will be engaging in a boundary crossing
. Dr. Hernandez will be breaking the law and could spend some time in jail
. Dr. Hernandez will be acting unethically
. Dr. Hernandez will be committing a boundary violation

A

Dr. Hernandez will be engaging in a boundary crossing

51
Q

Adlerian therapy is well suited to a brief or time-limited approach.

True
False

A

True

52
Q

Adler chose the name ‘individual psychology’ for his theoretical approach because he would to avoid reductionist divisions.

True
False

A

True

53
Q

Striving for superiority is seen as a neurotic manifestation

True
False

A

False

54
Q

Adler maintains that our style of life is not set until middle age

True
False

A

False

55
Q

Adlerian theory is well suited to counselling diverse populations

True
False

A

True

56
Q

Adlerian counsellors do not make interpretations

True
False

A

False

57
Q

Adlerians place relatively little importance on the quality of the client-therapist relationship

True
False

A

False

58
Q

Assessment is a basic part of the counselling process

True
False

A

True

59
Q

Insight is best defined as understanding translated into action

True
False

A

True

60
Q

Adlerians believe childhood experiences in themselves are the decisive factor in shaping personality

True
False

A

False

61
Q

According to Adler, childhood experiences:

.In themselves are not as crucial as our attitude towards these experiences
. passively shape us
. are not relevant to the practice of counseling
. determine the adult personality

A

In themselves are not as crucial as our attitude toward these experiences

62
Q

The Adlerian point of view toward the role of insight in therapy is best stated in this way:

. Insight is a prerequisite to any personality change
. to be of value, insight must be translated into a constructive action program
. people will not make changes until they know the precise causes of their personality problems
. emotional insight must precede intellectual insight

A

to be of value, insight must be translated into a constructive action program

63
Q

Which of the following statements is not true as it is applied to Adlerian therapy?

. feelings of inferiority can be the wellspring of creativity
. it is phenomenological orientation
. the approach is grounded on the medical model
. consciousness, more than the unconscious, is the focus of therapy

A

The approach is grounded on the medical model

64
Q

Adler linked the recognition of inferiority feelings with striving for perfection or mastery. This notion is best captured by the saying:

. goals are dreams with deadlines
. a goal without a plan is just a wish
. inferiority and the quest for mastery are two sides of the same coin
. life is what happens to you while you’re busy making other plans

A

inferiority and the quest for mastery are two sides of the same coin

65
Q

The lifestyle assessment includes information based on all of the following, except:

.dreams
. mistaken, self-defeating perceptions
. early recollections
. the individual constellation

A

the individual constellation

66
Q

Which is the correct sequence of human experiencing from an Adlerian perspective?

. first we feel, then we think, then we act
, first we feel, then we act then we think
. first we think, then we feel, then we act
. first we act then we feel, then we think

A

first we think, then we feel, then we act

67
Q

Adlerians could best be described as using which techniques?

. they use strictly cognitive techniques
. they use emotive and behavioural techniques to get people to think
. they fit a variety of techniques to the needs of each client
. they are bound by a clear set of therapeutic techniques

A

they fit a variety of techniques to the needs of each client

68
Q

How would the Adlerian therapist view the personal problems of clients?

. as the product of our innate tendencies towards self-destruction
. as living with problem-saturated stories
. as the result of cultural conditioning
. as the end result of a process of discouragement

A

as the end result of a process of discouragement

69
Q

Which of the following is not one of the four phases of the Adlerian therapeutic process?

. encouraging the development of self-understanding
. establishing the proper therapeutic relationship’
. explore the psychological dynamics operating in the client
. teaching the client the process of free association

A

teaching the client the process of free association

70
Q

Which term does not fit Adlerian therapy?

. deterministic
. holistic
. social
. teleological

A

deterministic

71
Q

Which of the following does Adler not stress?

. direction in which people are headed
. the unity of personality
. unique style of life that is an expression of life goals
. biological and instinctual drives

A

biological and instinctual drives

72
Q

The phenomenological orientation pays attention to the:

. manner in which biological and environmental forces limit us
. way in which people interact with each other
. events that occur at various stages of life
. way in which individuals perceive their world

A

way in which individuals perceive their world

73
Q

The concept of fictional finalist refers to:

. the hopeless stance that leads to personal defeat
. an imagined life goal that guides a person’s behaviour
. the process of assessing one’s style of life
. the manner in which people express their need to belong

A

an imagined life goal that guides a person’s behaviour

74
Q

Adlerians consider all of the following factors to be influential in an individual’s life except:

. parent-child relationships
. birthday
. interactions among siblings
. psychological position in the family

A

birthday

75
Q

Adlerians value early recollections as an important clue to the understanding of:

. the unconscious dynamics that motivate behaviour
. one’s sexual and aggressive instincts
. the bonding process between mother and child
. the individual’s lifestyle

A

the unconscious dynamics that motivate behaviour

Intro to Counselling (1 decks)

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