Exam Review Vocab 1

Question 1

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 1

When energy changed forms, some useful energy is degraded into lower quality energy such as heat

Question 2

Ionizing radiation

Answer 2

Radiation w/ enough energy to free electrons from atoms forming ions, may cause cancer

Question 3

High quality energy

Answer 3

Organized and concentrated, perform useful work

Question 4

Low quality energy

Answer 4

Disorganized and dispersed

Question 5

Natural radioactive decay

Answer 5

Unstable radioisotopes decay releasing gamma rays, alpha, and beta particles (radon)

Question 6

Half life

Answer 6

Time takes for 1/2 mass of radioisotope to decay

Question 7

Nuclear fission

Answer 7

Nuclei of isotopes split apart when struck by neutrons

Question 8

Nuclear fusion

Answer 8

2 isotopes light elements forced together a high temperatures till fuse to form heavier nucleus

Question 9

Ore

Answer 9

Rock contains concentration of mineral profitable to mine

Question 10

Mineral reserve

Answer 10

Identified deposits currently profitable to extract

Question 11

Surface mining

Answer 11

Cheaper, remove more minerals, less hazardous to workers

Question 12

Humus

Answer 12

Organic, dark material remaining after decomposition by microorganisms

Question 13

Leaching

Answer 13

Removal of dissolved minerals from soil by water moving downwards through soil

Question 14

First Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 14

Energy neither created nor destroyed, can be converted between forms