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Vaccines Final Exam > Exam Review Questions > Flashcards

Exam Review Questions Flashcards

1
Q 
Conjugate vaccines to prevent HiB contain polysaccharide antigen that is linked to a :
A. Carrier Protein
B. Carrier ribosome
C. Protein substrate
D. Polysaccharide lipogen
A

A. Carrier Protein

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2
Q 
Thus far the only disease that has been successfully eradicated globally is caused by: 
A. Largepox
B. Poxonyou
C. Monkeypox
D. Smallpox
A

D. Smallpox

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3
Q

A contraindication to the administration of measles and mumps vaccines is:
A. Travel to a developing country
B. Pregnancy
C. Mild illness
D. Children in the household less than 2 years of age (key group- MMR is for that age group)

A

B. Pregnancy

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4
Q 
Two diseases for which global efforts have been made for eradication (global level) or elimination (national level):
A. Meningitis and diarrhea
B. Polio and Measles
C. Encephalitis and pneumonia
D. Varicella and measles
A

B. Polio and Measles

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5
Q 
Healthcare providers including pharmacists as well as travelers can access current recommendations online from the CDC website by searching what is called the:
A. Red book
B. Whitepaper
C. Yellow Book
D. Green book
A

C. Yellow Book ***** → vaccine recommendations book, especially for traveling.

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6
Q 
Which of the following disease caused a large epidemic in Disneyland earlier this year:
A. Rotavirus 
B. Influenza
C. Measles
D. Varicella
A

C. Measles

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7
Q

The administration of vaccines are followed by a response within individuals that leads to the production of:
A. Viruses against the administered vaccine
B. Antibodies against the administered vaccine
C. Antigens against the administered vaccine
D. Bacteria against the administered vaccine

A

B. Antibodies against the administered vaccine

We initially get a IgM response (humoral response) to a vaccine antigen, boosters increase the IgG response. The humoral response is quicker to form than the cellular (T-cell response).

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8
Q

The disease for which annual vaccination is recommended is caused by which of the following following pathogens:
A. HiB → vaccine helps prevent meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis in little kids
B. Parainfluenza
C. Strep pneumo
D. Influenza virus

A

D. Influenza virus

Parainfluenza → no vaccine for this

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9
Q 
Which of the following combo vaccines is given to prevent diphtheria?
A. HiB-HepB
B. MMR
C. DTaP
D. MMRV
A

C. DTaP

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10
Q 
HepB vaccine may be given as early as what age:
A. 5 yrs
B. 1 year
C. 1 month
D. Birth
A

D. BIRTH **** —> only vaccine given at birth!!!

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11
Q 
What pair of major diseases do not yet have vaccines in public health programs?
A. JE and measles
B. Malaria and HIV/AIDS
C. Rotavirus and HIV/AIDS
D. Malaria and Rotavirus
A

B. Malaria and HIV/AIDS

Side Note:
Rotavirus: doses at 2, 4 and 6 months of age. ORAL vaccine.
RotaShield was the vaccine that caused intussusception.(telescoping of the intestine…gross….)

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12
Q 
For which of the following do we have a licensed vaccine available?
A. Human Leukemia virus
B. Measles virus
C. HIV
D. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
A

B. Measles virus***

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13
Q 
The first description of administration of a smallpox was published by:
A. Carol henderson
B. Edward Jenner
C. Cotton Mather
D. Donald Henderson
A

B. Edward Jenner***

Side Note:
Cotton Mather: 1800’s advocate of the smallpox vaccine in Boston

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14
Q

Historically, viral vaccines were made possible by development of techniques for:
A. Growing bacteria to high volumes in culture media
B. Testing of vaccine adjuvants in both animal and human subjects
C. Growing vaccine virus strains in standardized cell culture systems
D. Isolating viruses in high containment facilities such as BSL4 facilities

A

C. Growing vaccine virus strains in standardized cell culture systems *****

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15
Q 
Infection w/ HiB, a vaccine preventable disease, may cause severe:
A. Viral meningitis
B. Bacterial meningitis
C. Parasitic meningitis
D. Fungal meningitis
A

B. Bacterial meningitis **

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16
Q 
Early clinical trials that enrolled human subjects did not obtain individual:
A. IRB approval
B. Informed consent
C. Parental approval
D. Informed assent
A

B. Informed consent ***

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17
Q 
As a result of building the Panama canal, research in vector borne disease ultimately led to development of a vaccine that is still used today to prevent:
A. Yellow fever
B. Tick borne encephalitis
C. JE
D. Malaria
A

A. Yellow fever **

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18
Q 
Carlos finlay, a scientist working in Cuba, is credited with improving our understanding of which vaccine preventable disease?
A. Tropical spastic paraparesis
B. Yellow fever
C. Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
D. JE
A

B. Yellow fever *****

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19
Q

Which of the following adverse events may occur when a polio vaccine is sufficiently attenuated during the vaccine production process:
A. MS
B. Diarrhea
C. Autism
D. VAPP (vaccine associated paralytic polio)

A

D. VAPP (vaccine associated paralytic polio) ** → it has the word polio in it….. This caused a change in practice to give IPV first, then OPV. Now we only give IPV to avoid VAPP.

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20
Q

One manufacturer of an inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccine distributed a vaccine that caused polio due to:
A. Under attenuation of virus
B. Over attenuation of the vaccine strain
C. Inadequate storage temp for the vaccine
D. Poor injection technique when administering vaccine to children

A

A. Under attenuation of virus

Side Note:
B. Over attenuation of the vaccine strain → may not create a strong immune response
C. Inadequate storage temp for the vaccine → lose vaccine potency

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21
Q 
Which of the following vaccines are now recommended for women w/ each pregnancy:
A. Varicella
B. Measles
C. Tdap
D. Meningococcal
A

C. Tdap***

Side Note:
A. Varicella: live vaccine, do not use in pregnancy
B. Measles: another live vaccine
D. Meningococcal: no studies showing benefit/safety in pregnant women

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22
Q 
The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) and the vcc conjugate vaccine (PCV13) can both prevent:
A. Pancreatitis
B. Pneumonia
C. Polycythemia
D. Diarrhea
A

B. Pneumonia****

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23
Q 
In the US, what agency is responsible for issuing licenses that allow manufacturers to sell vaccines in the US?
A. Food and Cosmetics Agency
B. National Biological Association
C. Manufacturers Liability Attempt
D. FDA
A

D. FDA****

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24
Q 
Annual flu vaccination is recommended for anyone who is age:
A. 30 months +
B. 21 years +
C. 6 months +
D. 10 yrs +
A

C. 6 months + *****

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25
Q 
The childhood vaccine name abbreviated as MMR stands for:
A. Measles Multivalent Rubella
B. Measles Multiparous Rubella
C. Measles Mumps Rubella
D. Something else that sounds weird
A

C. Measles Mumps Rubella*****

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26
Q

IN the pathway to licensure of vaccine, which of the following sequences is correct:
A. Phase 1 trials and directly followed by phase 3
B. Post marketing studies are conducted prior to licensure
C. Lab studies typically are performed b/4 animal studies
D. Phase 2 trials in animals models are Conducted prior to Phase 3 trials

A

C. Lab studies typically are performed b/4 animal studies

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27
Q

IN a community pharmacy setting, for which of the following groups of vaccine preventable diseases might you educate or counsel adults patients?
A. Pertussis, influenza, shingles
B. Pneumococcal pneumonia, malaria, influenza
C. Zoster, influenza, rotavirus
D. HIV, influenza, pneumonia

A

A. Pertussis, influenza, shingles

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28
Q 
Women should receive one dose of Tdap vaccine during each:
A. Kids entry to kindergarten
B. Pregnancy
C. Summer vacation
D. Child entry into primary school
A

B. Pregnancy

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29
Q 
2 vaccines that are licensed for use in females:
A. Trivalent and quadrivalent HPV
B. Bivalent and pentavalent HPV
C. Monovalent and quadrivalent HPV
D. Bivalent and quadravalent HPV
A

Bivalent and quadravalent HPV ** → outdated b/c now there is nine instead of 4

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30
Q 
2 major vaccine characteristics that are evaluated in Phase 2 trials are:
A. Immunogenicity and reproducibility
B. Safety and immunogenicity
C. Reactogenicity and validity 
D. Efficacy and effectiveness
A

B. Safety and immunogenicity

Side Note:
C. Reactogenicity and validity → Reactogenicity = safety
D. Efficacy and effectiveness → phase 3 = efficacy. Phase 4 = effectiveness. A vaccine with 100% efficacy and 0% coverage in the population is 0% effective.

31
Q

In recent years, the US FDA has required larger sample sizes in pivotal vaccine trials that:
A. Increase observation time by enrolling subjects for longer periods or time
B. Increase detection of relatively rare adverse events in trial participants
C. Reduce the observed incidence rate in both placebo and vaccine groups
D. Equilibrate the adverse event rates in both placebo and vaccine groups

A

B. Increase detection of relatively rare adverse events in trial participants

32
Q

A key difference between vaccine efficacy and vaccine effectiveness is that a vaccine effectiveness takes into account:
A. Drug levels in the population
B. Cost levels of the vaccine
C. Vaccine coverage levels in the population
D. Antibody levels in the population

A

C. Vaccine coverage levels in the population ** (the more people vaccinated, the more effective the vaccine!)

33
Q

The immune response following vaccination:
A. Is important to ensure protection against disease
B. Cannot be measured w/ lab tests
C. May take yrs to be detectable after vaccination
D. Occurs only in infants

A

A. Is important to ensure protection against disease

34
Q

The immune response to many tested vaccines is assessed by measuring:
A. Cytokine levels such as interferon gamma
B. Ig levels such as IgG
C. Eosinophilic white blood cell in peripheral blood specimens
D. Mast cell histamine release in arterial blood specimens

A

B. Ig levels such as IgG **

35
Q
  1. Birth dose of monovalent HepB vaccine should be administered:
    A. Before hospital discharge
    B. After hospital discharge
A

A. Before hospital discharge

36
Q 
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines in children are designed to prevent serious health outcomes including:
A. Meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis
B. Pneumonia, kidney failure, leukemia
C. Meningitis, pneumonia, and diarrhea
D. Sepsis, UTI, and diarrhea
A

A. Meningitis, pneumonia, sepsis **

37
Q

Catch up vaccination for childhood vaccines is helpful when:
A. Parents are running around trying to catch other children
B. A child has fallen behind in the regular schedule
C. Parents have fallen behind
D. A child has received all vaccines

A

B. A child has fallen behind in the regular schedule **

38
Q 
An important medical condition for adult immunization is:
A. End stage renal disease
B. End stage muscle disease
C. Early stage bone disease
D. Early stage ear disease
A

A. End stage renal disease

39
Q 
A major cause of meningitis in Africa in the “meningitis belt” covering several Sub-saharan countries is due to infection w/ :
A. Neisseria lactamia
B. Neisseria meningitidis
C. N. gonorrheae
D. N. africalis
A

B. Neisseria menigitidis *****

Side Note:
N. gonorrheae → no vaccine

40
Q 
HiB vaccine prevents:
A. Meningitis
B. Diarrhea
C. Osteopenia
D. Heart disease
A

A. Meningitis

41
Q

Info on vaccine efficacy helps us understand:
A. How many children to vaccinate
B. How much disease may be prevented
C. How many adverse events will occur after vaccination
D. How much the vaccine will cost

A

B. How much disease may be prevented

42
Q 
When administering varicella vaccine, the correct route is:
A. Sub-dermal
B. Sub-muscular
C. Subcutaneous
D. Intradermal
A

C. Subcutaneous

43
Q

In designing a community based vaccine intervention project ore vaccine trial, members of the community are engaged in order to:
A. Identify the best way to coerce community members to participate in the trial to ensure the trial is conducted most efficiently
B. Develop a collaborative relationship that supports close communication between investigators and community members
C. Identify the best dosing schedule for admin of the study vaccine to help ensure optimal immunogenicity for the vaccine
D. Ensure the local politicians are engaged and supported in their re-election bids that occur during the vaccine trial

A

B. Develop a collaborative relationship that supports close communication between investigators and community members

Side Note:
C. Identify the best dosing schedule for admin of the study vaccine to help ensure optimal immunogenicity for the vaccine → phase 2 trial determines this

44
Q 
In designing ethical vaccine trials, the following set of guidelines is now used universally:
A. Positive Clinical Practices
B. Limited Clinical Practices
C. Good Coordinated Plans
D. Good Clinical Practices (GCP)
A

D. Good Clinical Practices (GCP)

45
Q

The vaccines for Children program is a federally funded program that provides vaccines for:
A. Families who may not otherwise be able to afford vaccines
B. Non US citizens who are independently wealthy
C. Elderly persons who are aged 70 yrs +
D. Young healthcare who require immunizations for occupational safety

A

A. Families who may not otherwise be able to afford vaccines

46
Q 
Which of the following vaccines DOES NOT require a freezer storage temperature in the range of -58 F and 46 F?
A. Varicella
B. MMR
C. Zoster
D. Tdap
A

D. Tdap *****

CDC Pink Book to see storage requirements

47
Q

Vaccine adverse events that manifest as LOCAL symptoms include:
A. Tenderness, bloating, fever and redness
B. Swelling, tenderness, induration, and redness
C. Swelling, induration, fainting, and diarrhea
D. Tenderness, swelling, redness, hypotension

A

B. Swelling, tenderness, induration, and redness

48
Q 
A globally important cause for vaccine preventable childhood gastroenteritis that is:
A. Astrovirus
B. Norovirus
C. Rotavirus
D. Baculovirus
A

C. Rotavirus

49
Q

The national org responsible for assisting states in implementing immunization programs is:
A. US Centers for Development and Cooperation
B. US CDC
C. US center for drug control
D. US Collaboration and Disease Center

A

B. US CDC

50
Q

Ethical approval of clinical vaccine trials should be obtained:
A. Following enrollment of the last participant
B. Prior to enrollment of 1st patient
C. Approximately halfway thru study enrollment
D. After the 10th participant has been enrolled

A

B. Prior to enrollment of 1st patient

51
Q

Pregnant women should not receive live-attenuated vaccines such as measles due to:
A. The risk of adverse effect that manifests as acute encephalitis
B. The theoretical risk of fetal adverse events such as spontaneous abortion
C. Lowered threshold for achieving an adequate immune response

A

B. The theoretical risk of fetal adverse events such as spontaneous abortion

52
Q

IN the past allergic rxns to vaccines have been of concern due to the presence of antigen introduced by the use of:
A. Eggs in the production process of vaccine virus strains
B. Yogurt in the stabilization process of vaccine strains
C. Fungi in the culturing process of vaccine virus strains
D. Beef extracts used in the vaccine virus strains isolation process

A

A. Eggs in the production process of vaccine virus strains

53
Q

Following vaccine licensure by the FDA, activities to further understand the vaccine includes:
A. Lot release testing, vaccine manufacturing facility inspections, adverse event surveillance and phase 4 studies
B. Additional phase 3 randomized controlled trials, manufacturing facility inspections and adverse events, animal studies of the vaccine
C. Lot release testing…..

A

A. Lot release testing, vaccine manufacturing facility inspections, adverse event surveillance and phase 4 studies

54
Q

The leading organization advocating for greater use of pharmacist administered vaccines is the: ________

A

APhA

55
Q

In childhood immunization clinics in the US, vaccines are kept in: ____________

A

Electric powered temp controlled refrigerators and freezers

56
Q

Multi-component (multi-antigen) vaccines offer the advantage of:
A. Reducing the number of vaccine injections
B. Safe admin by IV route
C. Safe storage at room temp

A

A. Reducing the number of vaccine injections

57
Q

Rotavirus vaccine issue:

____________

A

Intussusception

58
Q

HiB vaccine is given at what age group: ___________

A

Infants of age 2,4,6 months

59
Q

When communicating to parents or adults regarding vaccines, you should:
A. Listen carefully and acknowledging their views
B. Pass difficult pts on to your colleague
C. Explain that your way is the right way
D. Explore their family ancestry for clues regarding genetic risk of adverse events

A

A. Listen carefully and acknowledging their views

60
Q

Vaccine information sheets (VIS) published by the US CDC and state health depts are designed to: _________.

A

Educate lay persons about the disease and vaccine

61
Q 
Meningococcal vaccine prevents serious disease that:
A. Leads to bone deformations
B. Affects the CNS
C. Manifests as severe diarrhea
D. Affects the central cardiac system
A

B. Affects the CNS

62
Q 
The meningitis belt in Africa is famous for epidemics that lead to:
A. Extreme weight loss around the waist
B. Bacterial infections around the brain
C. Diarrhea of the mouth
D. Parasitic infections of the blood
A

B. Bacterial infections around the brain

63
Q

A major goal of using Tdap vaccine among adults is to help:
A. Protect infants who are susceptible to acute pertussis
B. Protect the oldest adult from herpes zoster
C. Ensure high vaccine coverage among high risk persons

A

A. Protect infants who are susceptible to acute pertussis

64
Q

Improved vaccine education and information for adults is likely to:
A. Increase acceptability and uptake of vaccine in adult populations
B. Decrease acceptability and uptake of vaccine in adult populations

A

A. Increase acceptability and uptake of vaccine in adult populations

65
Q

Severe influenza has been associated w/ co-infections of: _______

A

Strep pneumo

66
Q 
The following patient groups may be at an increased risk of pneumococcal disease complications:
A. Diabetics
B. Patients receiving cosmetic surgery
C. Non-smokers
D. Children immunized with PCV-13
A

A. Diabetics

67
Q

In the US, patients w/ HIV/AIDS should receive the following vaccines: _____________

A

Pneumococcal, Influenza, Tdap, HepB **

No Hep C vaccine yet

68
Q

The optimal dosing interval has been determined by: _______.

A

Clinical vaccine trials such as phase 2 trials.

69
Q

Public confidence in vaccine safety is critical because:

___________.

A

A higher standard of safety is expected of vaccines

70
Q

Needlestick exposure following administration of vaccines may be associated with
A. Acquisition of influenza B virus
B. Acquisition of hepatitis B virus
C. Acquisition of hepatitis A virus
D. Acquisition of Japanese B encephalitis virus

A

B. Acquisition of hepatitis B virus

71
Q

Based on the adult vaccine medical indications table, varicella vaccination is contraindicated for adults whose CD4 cell count is below

a. 1000 cells/microliter
b. 200 cells/microliter
c. 2000 cells/microliter
d. 1500 cells/microliter

A

b. 200 cells/microliter

72
Q

Hepatitis B vaccine is a:
A. Recombinant antigen vaccine
B. Live-attenuated vaccine
C. Conjugate vaccine

A

A. Recombinant antigen vaccine

73
Q

Every phase 3 trial requires a _________.

A

DSMV

74
Q

Oral typhoid is a live attenuated is a __ dose vaccine.

A

4

Vaccines Final Exam (8 decks)

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