Exam review Flashcards
Prop1 mutations would cause deficiencies in which hormones?
Prolactin, GH, TSH
LH, FSH
Pit1 mutations would cause deficiencies in which hormones?
Prolactin, GH, TSH
Which hormones are acidophils (eosinophilic staining)?
GH, Prl
remember G-rl
ADH is made in the ______ nuclei
supraoptic nuclei
oxytocin is made in the _____ nuclei
paraventricular nuclei
What is embryologic derivative of anterior pituitary?
oral ectoderm (Rathke pouch)
What is embryologic derivative of posterior pituitary?
neuroectoderm
how does prolactin inhibit ovulation and spermatogenesis?
via inhibiting GnRH
What is role of GH on bones?
- linear growth at epiphyseal growth plates
- increase osteoclast differentiation/activity
- increase osteoblast activity
- increase bone mass by endochondral ossification
what are the anabolic effects of GH?
- stimulates amino acid uptake into tissues and increases muscle
- promotes lipolysis with fat breakdown
- causes insulin resistance
what is the hypothalamic control of GH?
GHRH (+)
somatostatin (-)
release of GH in sleep, exercise, stress, hypoglycemia
what is the hypothalamic control of TSH?
TRH (+) and somatostatin (-)
how is FSH secretion regulated?
stimulated by GnRH
inhibited via negative feeedback from Inhibin from sertoli cells and ovarian granulosa cells
what does ADH do?
binds to V2 receptors in renal collecting ducts which stimulates aquaporin 2 water channels to luminal membrane to allow water reabsorption back into collecting duct cells
what is normal histological appearance of anterior pituitary? posterior pituitary?
ant: reticulin network
post: Herring bodies (axonal expansions) and pituicytes (supportive glial cells)
how do you distinguish PRL producing adenoma from stalk effect?
if PRL elevated but < 150 ng –> stalk effect
If PRL elevated and > 150 ng –> PRL adenoma
histologic findings of GH adenoma?
fibrous bodies
what is Nelson syndrome?
removal of adrenal glands –> enlargement of ACTH adenoma
what markers can you use for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma?
synaptophysin and chromogranin reactive
what is lymphocytic hypophysitis?
autoimmune disorder, symmetrical pituitary enlargement and ant pituitary destruction and insufficiency. most common in pregnancy/postpartum
what is appearance of craniopharyngiomas on imaging?
calcified mass. derived from rathke’s pouch
histology findings for adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma?
squamous cells, peripheral palisading of nuclei, “wet keratin” –> tx with resection
histology findings for papillarycraniopharyngioma?
well differentiated squamous epithelium, no keratin, less palisading, no calcifications
what do germinomas look like on histology?
tumor cells with clear cytoplasm