Exam review

Question 1

This is what is manipulated in an experiment (what happens to the experimental group)

Answer 1

independent variable

Question 2

This may change with your IV and could have an effect on your DV, but it is NOT the variable of interest (you’ll have to control for it)

Answer 2

confounding variable

Question 3

A testable prediction is called…

Answer 3

a hypothesis

Question 4

Jane Goodall sat and watched chimps and recorded what she saw. What type of research is this?

Answer 4

naturalistic observation

Question 5

To test if tall people make less money than average height people, Juan the researcher defined tall as anyone over 6 feet. This definition is known as an _______.

Answer 5

operational definition

Question 6

A researcher randomly chose half their participants to not receive the experimental manipulation. They were creating this kind of group.

Answer 6

control group

Question 7

When a study has very little application to real-life settings, it has low _____ validity.

Answer 7

ecological

Question 8

This is what makes a study an experiment and not a correlational study.

Answer 8

manipulation of the independent variable

Question 9

This type of bias is when participants act differently based on how they think the study is supposed to turn out.

Answer 9

response bias

Question 10

What is often given to the control group to make them think they are in the experimental group?

Answer 10

placebo

they receive NONE of the drug. Remember the group of mice that received saline in the paper on quiz 3!

Question 11

Standard deviation is a measure of this.

Answer 11

variability

Question 12

This type of statistics allows us to make conclusions about a population based on our sample

Answer 12

inferential statistics

Question 13

A researcher would use this type of test to compare a continuous variable between two groups.

Answer 13

t-test

Question 14

This statistic is the probability that a researcher would have found these results if the null hypothesis were true.

Answer 14

p-value

Question 15

What is the p-value under which results are typically considered statistically significant?

Answer 15

p<0.05

Question 16

What does a non-normal, skewed right distribution look like?

Answer 16

https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/histogr6.htm

Question 17

A normal distribution is symmetrical and centered around this statistic.

Answer 17

The mean

Question 18

Correlational tests tell us the strength and direction of the relationship between two of these types of variables

Answer 18

continuous

Question 19

Paired sample t-tests are used when there is this type of experimental design, when groups are compared to themselves.

Answer 19

within-subjects design

Question 20

If this is larger (due to naturally occurring differences within groups), it may be more difficult to determine whether two groups are statistically different

Answer 20

Within-group variability

Question 21

The science article you’re reading seems biased and lacking empirical information. It probably did not go through this process.

Answer 21

Peer review

Question 22

“A correlation was detected” and “p < .05” are phrases likely to be seen in this section of a research article

Answer 22

Results section

Question 23

This is the section of an empirical research article where past literature and current hypotheses are described

Answer 23

introduction

Question 24

This kind of article summarizes developments in a field of research over several years and helps keep scientists up-to-date

Answer 24

Review article

Question 25

If an empirical study gives a lot of detail about its research procedures, so that other scientists could run the same study and compare their results, we call it this.

Answer 25

replicable