Exam review Flashcards
This is what is manipulated in an experiment (what happens to the experimental group)
independent variable
This may change with your IV and could have an effect on your DV, but it is NOT the variable of interest (you’ll have to control for it)
confounding variable
A testable prediction is called…
a hypothesis
Jane Goodall sat and watched chimps and recorded what she saw. What type of research is this?
naturalistic observation
To test if tall people make less money than average height people, Juan the researcher defined tall as anyone over 6 feet. This definition is known as an _______.
operational definition
A researcher randomly chose half their participants to not receive the experimental manipulation. They were creating this kind of group.
control group
When a study has very little application to real-life settings, it has low _____ validity.
ecological
This is what makes a study an experiment and not a correlational study.
manipulation of the independent variable
This type of bias is when participants act differently based on how they think the study is supposed to turn out.
response bias
What is often given to the control group to make them think they are in the experimental group?
placebo
they receive NONE of the drug. Remember the group of mice that received saline in the paper on quiz 3!
Standard deviation is a measure of this.
variability
This type of statistics allows us to make conclusions about a population based on our sample
inferential statistics
A researcher would use this type of test to compare a continuous variable between two groups.
t-test
This statistic is the probability that a researcher would have found these results if the null hypothesis were true.
p-value
What is the p-value under which results are typically considered statistically significant?
p<0.05
What does a non-normal, skewed right distribution look like?
https://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/histogr6.htm
A normal distribution is symmetrical and centered around this statistic.
The mean
Correlational tests tell us the strength and direction of the relationship between two of these types of variables
continuous
Paired sample t-tests are used when there is this type of experimental design, when groups are compared to themselves.
within-subjects design
If this is larger (due to naturally occurring differences within groups), it may be more difficult to determine whether two groups are statistically different
Within-group variability
The science article you’re reading seems biased and lacking empirical information. It probably did not go through this process.
Peer review
“A correlation was detected” and “p < .05” are phrases likely to be seen in this section of a research article
Results section
This is the section of an empirical research article where past literature and current hypotheses are described
introduction
This kind of article summarizes developments in a field of research over several years and helps keep scientists up-to-date
Review article
If an empirical study gives a lot of detail about its research procedures, so that other scientists could run the same study and compare their results, we call it this.
replicable
