Exam Review Flashcards
1
Q
Assessment
A
Gather information; a step in a charting the health care professional’s impression of what is wrong with the patient, based on the signs and symptoms.
2
Q
Auditory learners
A
A person who learns best by hearing new material
3
Q
Bias
A
Opinion made before facts are known.
4
Q
Career ladder
A
The various levels within an occupational area that require different amounts of education and training.
5
Q
Certification
A
The process of determining whether a person has met predetermined standards
6
Q
Diagnostic
A
Pertaining to identify and determining the cause and extent of diseases and Injuries
7
Q
Integrity
A
Personal characteristic reflected as honesty choosing the right rather than easy way conducting oneself honestly and morally
8
Q
Kinesthetic Learner
A
The person who learns new material best through the performance of hands on activities
9
Q
Learning style
A
The theory proposing that individuals learn in different ways the most common categories are classified by sense
10
Q
Licensure
A
A designation that means a person has been granted permission to legally perform certain acts
11
Q
Manual dexterity
A
Skill in working with one’s hand
12
Q
Objective data
A
Direct observation made by the health care professional to evaluate a patient’s condition
13
Q
Opinion
A
Beliefs that are not based on certainty or are made without researching the facts
14
Q
Problem solving process
A
A sequence of organized steps to follow when making decisions
15
Q
Registration
A
Being placed on an official list after meeting the educational and testing requirement for specific profession
16
Q
Reliable
A
Trustworthy
17
Q
Scope of practice
A
A description or list of skills that a specific occupational title is legally allowed to perform
18
Q
Signs
A
Objective evidence gathered by health care professional about a patients condition
19
Q
Subjective data
A
Information the patient tells health care professionals about his or her condition which cannot be directly observed.
20
Q
Symptoms
A
Subjective data reported to the health care provider by the patient
21
Q
Therapeutic
A
Relating to healing and assisting patients to regain or attain maximum wellness
22
Q
Visual learner
A
A person who learns new material best by seeing it
23
Q
Acupuncture
A
Chinese medicine treatment in which tiny needles are inserted into specific points in the body to alleviate pain and relieve various physical, mental and emotional conditions
24
Q
Adult foster home
A
A setting such as a family style home that provides 24- hrs personal care, meals and supervision for a small number of residents
25
Alternative medicine
Health care systems, practices, and products that have not traditionally been performed by practitioners of western medicine; or practices used instead of conventional medication
26
Alzheimer's disease
Progressive disease, degenerative disorder that attacks the Brain's nerve cells resulting in memory loss, impaired thinking and , language skills and changes in behavior
27
Assisted living residence
Facility that provides housing meals and personal care to individuals who need help with daily activities but do not need daily nursing care; may also be referred to as supportive housing residential long term care facilities adult residential care facilities Board and care and rest home.
28
Chiropractic
Health care practice based on belief that pressure on the nerves leaving the spinal column causes pain and dysfunction of the body part served by that nerve
29
Complementary medicine
Health care practices, products, and approaches to health care that have not traditionally been performed in conventional medical offices practices used together with conventional medicine.
30
Continuing care community
Provides a variety of living arrangement that support lifestyle as they change from independent living to the need for regular medical and nursing care.
31
Dementia
Decline in memory and or other thinking skills
32
Expanding consciousness
The A theory development by Margaret Newman, RN, to assist, patients in making their lives as meaningful as possible by focusing on their lives as meaningful as possible by focusing on their possibilities rather than limitation.
33
Gene therapy
The insertion of normal DNA into cells to correct a genetic defect or to treat certain diseases
34
Guided imagery
The use of words and music to evoke positive imaginary scenarios in a person with the purpose of bringing about some beneficial effect
35
Holistic medicine
Health care practices based on the belief that all aspects of the individual- physical, mental, emotional, spiritual and environmental- contribute to states of health and disease.
36
Homeopathy
A health care practice that is based on the idea that " like cures like" disorder are treated with very small amounts of the nature substance that cause symptoms of the same disorder in Healthy people.
37
Hospice
A facility or service that offers palliative ( relieves but does not cure) care and support to dying patients and their families
38
Inpatient
Admitted to and treated within a hospital
39
Integrative medicine
Combines treatments for conventional medicine with complementary and medicine for which there is high quality scientific evidence of safety and effectiveness also called integrated medicine.
40
Immediate nursing care facility
A type of nursing home that provides personal care social services and regular nursing for individual who do not require 24-hr nursing but unable to care for themselves
41
Massage therapy
Manipulation of soft tissue by rubbing or kneading to achieve health benefits
42
Medicaid
Federally funded but state administered insurance plan for individuals who qualify due to low income
43
Adult
Someone who is 18 years of age and older
44
Advance directive
Written documents that detail the patients wishes regarding health care decisions consists of the living will and the durable power of attorney
45
Agent
Someone who has the authority to represent another person
46
Assault
Any threatened or implied act whether carried out or not
47
Autonomy
Self determination
48
Battery
Unauthorized touching of another person
49
Breach of contact
When one of the parties in a contract fails to fulfill its part of the agreement
50
Code of ethics
Principles created by professional organizations to serve as a guide for the conduct of health care professionals in that occupation.
51
Confidentiality
Preserving the legal rights of a patient to privacy concerning his or her medical affairs
52
Consent
To give permission
53
Contract
Promise that is enforceable by law
54
Damages
Money to compensate for an injury or loss
55
Defamation of character
A legal charge for disclosing unauthorized information that could harm the reputation of another
56
Designation of health care surrogate
A legally recognized document in which individuals designate specific people to act on their behalf if they become unable to make health care decisions for themselves
57
Discreet
Being careful about what you say preserving confidences and respecting privacy
58
Emancipated minor
Someone younger than age 18 who is financially independent, married, or in the military
59
Ethical dilemma
When the underlying principles of an ethical system appear to contradict each other and no clear answer emerges
60
Ethics
A system of principles ( fundamental truths) a society develops to guide decisions making about what is right and wrong it helps people deal with difficult and complex problems that lack easy answer.
61
Euthanasia
Performing a deliberate action that results in a painless easy death for individuals with an incurable disease same as mercy killing.
62
Express consent
Permission that is given orally or in writing to receive treatment more formal than implied consent.
63
Expressed contract
Result of the parties in a contract discussing and agreeing on specific terms and condition.
64
False imprisonment
A legal claim patients can charge if they are held against their will unless they are mentally incompetent or a danger to themselves or others.
65
Fraud
A form of dishonesty that involves cheating or trickery
66
Chronic illness
Health problem of long duration in which the disease condition shows little change or slowly gets progressively worse.
67
Cognition development
The growth of intellectual processes of thought, awareness, and the ability to rationally comprehend the world and determine meaning.
68
Development
The mental, emotionally, and social growth of individuals as they progress through life stages.
69
Erikson's stage of psychosocial development
A theory based on the psychosocial challenge that are presented to individuals as they progress through life stages.
70
Gillian Stage of ethic of care
A theory identifying the stages of development in women based on their caring effects on human relationship.
71
Growth
Refers to the physical changes that normally take place as the body matures.
72
Kohlesberg Moral stage
A theory identifying the stages of moral developmental in humans
73
Life review
Telling the events of one's life as a form of self-evaluation and closure as the end of life approaches
74
Physical development
The maturation of emotions attitudes, and other aspects of the mind, in addition to the individual's interaction and relationships with other members of society.
75
Piaget's cognitive stages
A theory identifying the cognitive (intellectual) stages of development
76
Psychosocial development
The maturation of emotions, attitudes, and other aspect of the mind in addition to the individual's interactions and relationship with other member of memory.
77
Stages of dying
Stages that dying people may experience as they face the fact of their own death the five stages are denial anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance.
78
Terminal illness
An illness from which the patient is expected to die because there is no known cure.
79
Aerobic
Requires oxygen to live
80
AIDS
A disease that occur when an HIV positive person develops signs and symptoms of a weakened immune system.
81
Anaerobic
Does not require oxygen to live
82
Antibiotic
Classification of medication capable of inhibiting the growth of or destroying microorganism
83
Antiseptic
Chemical agents that prevent or inhibit growth of microorganism
84
Asepsis
Methods used to make the patient, the professional and the environment as pathogen free as possible
85
Bacteria
One-called microorganism that can be either pathogenic or nonpathogen
86
Bacteriocidal
A method or chemical that kills bacteria also called germicidal
87
Bacteriostatic
A method or chemical that inhibits the growth of bacteria
88
CDC
A government agency that formulates safety guidelines to help prevent and control the spread of infectious diseases.
89
Chain of infection
Defines six criteria that must be present for an infection to develop.
90
Communicable disease
A disease that can be transmitted either directly or indirectly from one individual to another
91
Contaminated
infection material is present
92
Disinfection
Agents or methods that destroy most bacteria and virus
93
Fungi
Microorganism stat represent a large group of organisms that are neither plant nor animals. They have unique characteristics that are not shared by other organisms and are thus placed in a kingdom of their own.
94
Germ Theory
A theory that states that specific microorganism called bacteria are the cause of specific diseases in both humans and animals
95
Hepatitis B
A virus that causes a blood borne infection. An occupational health bazar for health care professionals
96
HIV Positive
The condition of being infected by the human immunodeficiency virus
97
Host
Living plants or animals from which microorganisms derive nourishment
98
Immune response
Defense used by the body to fight infection and disease by producing antibodies
99
Infection control
Procedures to be followed to prevent the spread of infectious diseases
100
Infectious disease
Disease caused by growth of pathogens
101
Medical asepsis
Procedures to decrease the numbers and spread of pathogens in the environment.
102
Compatibility
The ability to be combined without unfavorable results
103
Emergency preparedness plan
Policy and procedures to be followed when an event occurs that has the potential to kill or injure a group of people.
104
Environmental Safety
The identification and corrections of potential hazards that can cause accidents and injuries
105
Flammable
Easily set on fire
106
Incident report
Written document that is filled out when any unsuspected situation occurs that can cause harm to a patient, an employee or any other patient
107
Inflammable
Easily set on fire
108
PASS
Acronym for proper use of a portable fire extinguisher ( Pull the pin, Aim the nozzle at the base of fire, Squeeze the handle and sweep back and forth along the base of the fire.
109
RACE
Acronym for responding to fires ( Remove patients, sound Alarms, Contain the fire, Extinguish the fire or Evacuate the area.
110
Toxic
Poisonous
111
Triage System
Guidelines to determine which patients to send where and what treatment will be given during an emergency
112
Culture
The values, Shared beliefs and attitude, social organization, family and personal relationships, language, everyday activities, religious practices and concept of time and space of a given group of people.
113
Defense mechanism
Behaviors that are usually performed unconsciously, in response to perceived threats to self-esteem; often provide temporary relief from mental discomfort and anxiety.
114
Dominant Culture
Beliefs and behavior that are generally considered to be foundational for a society or country.
115
Maslow hierarchy of needs
A model that categorizes and ranks basic human needs into five areas in an effort to explain on human behavior is motivated by efforts to meet these needs.
116
Personal space
The distance at which people feel comfortable when carrying on a conversation
117
Philosophy of individual worth
A view based on the belief that every human being regardless of personal circumstances or personal qualities, has worth.
118
Physiological needs
Level one in maslow's hierarchy of needs that must be satisfied in order to maintain life, these include oxygen, water and food.
119
Prejudice
A negative feeling about a person because he or she belongs to a specific cultural or racial group.
120
Self actualization
Level 5 of maslow's hierarchy of needs, defined as the achievement of one's greatest potential
121
Self esteem
An individual's opinion of himself or herself.
122
Active listening
Listening characterized by focusing daily on what a speaker is sayings
123
Asking questions
A communication technique used to request clarification and additional information
124
Barriers
Blocks to communication
125
Clinical depression
Severe, persistent depression marked by specific symptom such as insomnia, feeling of worthlessness and inability to experience pleasure in activities previously enjoyed
126
Closed ended questions
Inquiries that can be answered with a single word or response of " yes" or " no"
127
Communication
Process in which message are exchanged and meaning interpreted between a sender and a receiver.
128
Empathy
Striving to understand another person's attitude, feels and behavior
129
Feedback
A method by which the receiver of communication can check his or her understanding of what the sender has said
130
Leading question
Inquiries in which all or part of answer is included in the wording of the question.
131
Learning objective
Educational goals. What students accomplish are to accomplish as the result of a lesson
132
Non- verbal communication
Meaning conveyed by form of tone of voice, Body language, gestures,fascial expressions, touch and physical experience.
133
Opened ended question
Inquires that require more than a word one response used to encourage patients to provide more detailed information or explanation.
134
Pantomime
Using body movement and gestures to convey ideas or actions.
135
Paraphrasing
Rewording the sender's message in the listeners own words and asking the sender for confirmation.
136
Probing questions
Inquiries that request additional information or clarifications
137
Receivers
In communication the person to whom the sender directs a message also called a listener.
138
Reflecting
A communication technique that involves prompting the sender to either complete or add more detail to the original message.
139
Requesting example
A communication technique to get additional clarifying information.
140
Sender
In communication the person who creates an delivers a message, also called the speaker.
141
Sympathy
Pity felt for another person.
142
Therapeutic communication
Communication that employs certain technique specifically aimed at meeting the needs of the needs of the patients.
143
Afebrile
A temperature that is within the normal range
144
Apnea
Absence of respiration
145
Bradycardia
A heart rate that is below the normal range
146
Bradypnea
A respiratory rate that is below the normal range.
147
Cheyenne strokes
A breathing pattern that has a period of apnea followed by gradually increasing of depth and frequency of respiration.
148
Dyspnea
Labored breathing or difficulty with breathing
149
Eupnea
Breathing that is within the normal range, is unlabored and has a rhythm.
150
Exhalation
The part of the respiratory cycle when air is removed from the lungs
151
Febrile
A temperature that is elevated above the normal range
152
Hypertension
Condition in which the blood pressure is above the normal range.
153
Hypotension
Condition in which the blood pressure is below the normal range
154
Inhalation
The part of the respiratory cycle when air enter the lung
155
Orthopnea
When a patient has difficulty breathing unless in a sitting or standing position.
156
Orthostatic hypertension
Rapid lowering of the blood pressure as a result of changing positions.
157
Pulse deficit
The rate of difference between a pulse point and an apical rate when they are taken simultaneously.
158
Pulse points
Specific sites on the body where arterial pulsation can be felt.
159
Respiration
The process of taking air into and removing air from the lungs, one respiration includes one full cycle of inhalation and exhalation.
160
Sphygmomanometer
An instrument that records the blood pressure
161
Stethoscope
An instrument that amplifies so they can be heard coming from within the body
162
Tachycardia
A heart rate that is above normal range
163
Tachypnea
A respiratory rate that is above the normal range.
164
Vital signs
Measuring the blood pressure, temperature, pulse, and respiration to give some indications of how the body is functioning.
165
Account payable
Amount owed to another business for services, supplies, or equipment.
166
Account receivable
Amount due from a customer for services, supplies, or equipment.
167
Capitation
Payment of a fixed fee by an insurance company to a health care provider for each patient enrolled in a health care plan, regardless of services given to the patients.
168
Coinsurance
A cost sharing provision in a health insurance contract that stipulates that the insured person is to assume a percentage of the costs of covered services
169
Copay
The set amount that the patient pays when medical services are received.
170
Cost of Money
The amount that is lost when money is not invested, often used to refer to money that is owed to a business, but not collected in a timely way.
171
Deductible
A amount required to be paid under a health insurance contract by the insured before benefits become payable.
172
Diagnostic related group
A classification system of patient based on their diagnosis to predetermined Medicare payments
173
Expenditures
The money that must be spent in the process of doing business
174
Fee for service
Method of payment in which the patient pays the health care provider an amount from an established schedule of fees
175
Financing
The source of money used to run a business
176
Gatekeeper
A health care provider often a physician who serves as the patients first contact when entering health care system.
177
Managed care
Promotion of cost effective health care through the management and control of its delivery
178
Medicare
A federally funded insurance program that is part of the social security administration and provides health insurance for people aged 65 and older, severe disabled and for ssi
179
Medicaid
Federally funded but state administered insurance plan for individuals who qualify for low income.
180
Negotiated fees
Amount negotiated between insurance companies and health care groups for the cost of services. Depending on plan the patient either pays the difference in actual cost of service or the health care group accepts the negotiated amount as payment in full
181
Pre authorization
Approval from an insurance company prior to receiving certain health care services for the purpose of determining medical necessity and cost effectiveness
182
Premium
An agreed upon amount paid to an insurance company for the benefits for having the company pay for a specified amount of future health care costs
183
Pre-paid plans
J
184
Primary care provider
D
185
Profit
A
186
Reimbursement
P
187
Behavioral question
I
188
Illegal question
K
189
Job interview
L
190
Letter of recommendation
C
191
Portfolio
Z
192
Reference list
A
193
Situational question
L
