Exam Review Flashcards
What is radioactivity?
Process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy
What is a half-life?
time required for one half of a sample of a radioisotope to decay
What is nuclear radiation?
charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes
Alpha Radiation:
Type of particle make-up
2 protons and 2 neutrons
Beta Radiation:
Type of particle make-up
electron emitted by an unstable nucleus
Gamma Radiation:
Type of particle make-up
rat if energy emitted by an unstable,e nucleus
Alpha Radiation:
Mass
4
Beta Radiation:
Mass
0
Gamma Radiation:
Mass
None
Alpha Radiation:
Charge
2+
Beta Radiation:
Charge
-1
Gamma Radiation:
Charge
None
Alpha Radiation:
symbol
a
Beta Radiation:
symbol
B
Gamma Radiation:
symbol
y
What is the result/affect of nuclear radiation?
It attaches the DNA in cells and damage the cell
What is the name for the amount of radiation that is acceptable?
Background radiation
What are two tools used to detect radiations?
Geiger counters and film badges
All man-made elements are……
radioactive
What is a strong nuclear force?
An attractive force that bonds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus
What is nucleosynthesis
cosmic formation of atoms more complex than the hydrogen atom
What is the smallest subatomic particle that makes up protons and neutrons?
Quarks
What is critical mass?
smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction
Fission:
Definition
Split the nucleus into 2 smaller parts
Fusion:
Definition
The nucleus of 2 atoms combine to form a larger nucleus
Fission:
starts with……..
a chain reaction
Fusion:
starts with……..
high temperatures
Fission:
fuel required
uranium
Fusion:
fuel required
hydrogen isotopes
Positives of nuclear power
can produce clean and efficient energy
Negatives of nuclear power
- hard to produce because of hight temperatures and chain reactions
- needs to be located near a large body of water or it will cause a melt down
In a half life equation, list the steps
- Divide the amount of years it has been around by it half life
- Then take .5 and put it to the power of the number you just found
- Then do the mass of the object multiplied by the last number
Symbol?
Letter or letters used to represent an element on the periodic table
Chemical formula?
A notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of atoms or ions of the element in the compound
Valence electrons?
The number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom
Chemical bond?
The force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit
Monatomic ion?
An atom that has a positive or negation electric charge
Polyatomic ion?
A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negation change and acts as a unit
Covalent bond?
a chemical bond in which 2 atoms share a pair of valence electrons
Ionic bond?
The transfer of electrons
Metallic bond?
is the attractions between a metal cations and a the carded electrons that surround it.
Cation?
Is positively charge ion
Anion?
Is negatively charged ion
Alloy
is a mixture of 2 or more elements in which one is a metal
What type of charge will an atom have if it loses electrons?
positive
What type of charge will an atom have if it gains electrons?
negative
How many electrons does a chemical bond represent?
2
Describes the properties of an ionic compound.
- cation + anion
- metal +nonmetal
- contains an ionic compound
Describes the properties of a covalent bond.
only metals
a chemical bond
Chemical reactions describe chemical changes. What is a chemical change?
A change in the chemical composition
Identify three forms of evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place.
A change in color, formation of precipitation and bubbles
What happened to atoms and molecules during a chemical reaction?
change of composition
Define the terms chemical symbol and chemical formula.
Symbol: representation of elements
formula: representation of compounds
What is a subscript?
the small number in a chemical formula that indicates the number of atoms of each elect
What is a reactant?
The substances that undergo change
What is a product?
the new substance formed as a result of that change
Exothermic?
A chemical reactions that releases energy into surroundings
Endothermic?
A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings
Activation Energy?
The amount of energy needed to start a reaction
Define concentration?
It refers to the numbers of particles in a given volume
Catalyst?
Is a substance that affects the reaction rate without being sed up in the reaction
Inhibitor?
A substance that doesn’t react, but causes the reaction to go slower
How might increasing the concentration of one reactant all the reactions to happen faster?
Their are more particles available know, which causes more collisions and the reaction rate to increase
After combining the reactants in a beaker, a student stirred the contents. How would stirring the content make the reaction go quicker?
By stirring it causes the particle to be forced into colliding cuisine the reactant rate to increase
