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Physical Science Exam > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is radioactivity?

A

Process in which an unstable atomic nucleus emits charged particles and energy

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2
Q

What is a half-life?

A

time required for one half of a sample of a radioisotope to decay

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3
Q

What is nuclear radiation?

A

charged particles and energy that are emitted from the nuclei of radioisotopes

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4
Q

Alpha Radiation:

Type of particle make-up

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

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5
Q

Beta Radiation:

Type of particle make-up

A

electron emitted by an unstable nucleus

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6
Q

Gamma Radiation:

Type of particle make-up

A

rat if energy emitted by an unstable,e nucleus

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7
Q

Alpha Radiation:

Mass

A

4

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8
Q

Beta Radiation:

Mass

A

0

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9
Q

Gamma Radiation:

Mass

A

None

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10
Q

Alpha Radiation:

Charge

A

2+

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11
Q

Beta Radiation:

Charge

A

-1

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12
Q

Gamma Radiation:

Charge

A

None

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13
Q

Alpha Radiation:

symbol

A

a

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14
Q

Beta Radiation:

symbol

A

B

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15
Q

Gamma Radiation:

symbol

A

y

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16
Q

What is the result/affect of nuclear radiation?

A

It attaches the DNA in cells and damage the cell

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17
Q

What is the name for the amount of radiation that is acceptable?

A

Background radiation

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18
Q

What are two tools used to detect radiations?

A

Geiger counters and film badges

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19
Q

All man-made elements are……

A

radioactive

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20
Q

What is a strong nuclear force?

A

An attractive force that bonds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus

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21
Q

What is nucleosynthesis

A

cosmic formation of atoms more complex than the hydrogen atom

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22
Q

What is the smallest subatomic particle that makes up protons and neutrons?

A

Quarks

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23
Q

What is critical mass?

A

smallest possible mass of a fissionable material that can sustain a chain reaction

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24
Q

Fission:

Definition

A

Split the nucleus into 2 smaller parts

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25
Q

Fusion:

Definition

A

The nucleus of 2 atoms combine to form a larger nucleus

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26
Q

Fission:

starts with……..

A

a chain reaction

27
Q

Fusion:

starts with……..

A

high temperatures

28
Q

Fission:

fuel required

A

uranium

29
Q

Fusion:

fuel required

A

hydrogen isotopes

30
Q

Positives of nuclear power

A

can produce clean and efficient energy

31
Q

Negatives of nuclear power

A
  1. hard to produce because of hight temperatures and chain reactions
  2. needs to be located near a large body of water or it will cause a melt down
32
Q

In a half life equation, list the steps

A
  1. Divide the amount of years it has been around by it half life
  2. Then take .5 and put it to the power of the number you just found
  3. Then do the mass of the object multiplied by the last number
33
Q

Symbol?

A

Letter or letters used to represent an element on the periodic table

34
Q

Chemical formula?

A

A notation that shows what elements a compound contains and the ratio of atoms or ions of the element in the compound

35
Q

Valence electrons?

A

The number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom

36
Q

Chemical bond?

A

The force that holds atoms or ions together as a unit

37
Q

Monatomic ion?

A

An atom that has a positive or negation electric charge

38
Q

Polyatomic ion?

A

A covalently bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negation change and acts as a unit

39
Q

Covalent bond?

A

a chemical bond in which 2 atoms share a pair of valence electrons

40
Q

Ionic bond?

A

The transfer of electrons

41
Q

Metallic bond?

A

is the attractions between a metal cations and a the carded electrons that surround it.

42
Q

Cation?

A

Is positively charge ion

43
Q

Anion?

A

Is negatively charged ion

44
Q

Alloy

A

is a mixture of 2 or more elements in which one is a metal

45
Q

What type of charge will an atom have if it loses electrons?

A

positive

46
Q

What type of charge will an atom have if it gains electrons?

A

negative

47
Q

How many electrons does a chemical bond represent?

A

2

48
Q

Describes the properties of an ionic compound.

A
  • cation + anion
  • metal +nonmetal
  • contains an ionic compound
49
Q

Describes the properties of a covalent bond.

A

only metals

a chemical bond

50
Q

Chemical reactions describe chemical changes. What is a chemical change?

A

A change in the chemical composition

51
Q

Identify three forms of evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place.

A

A change in color, formation of precipitation and bubbles

52
Q

What happened to atoms and molecules during a chemical reaction?

A

change of composition

53
Q

Define the terms chemical symbol and chemical formula.

A

Symbol: representation of elements
formula: representation of compounds

54
Q

What is a subscript?

A

the small number in a chemical formula that indicates the number of atoms of each elect

55
Q

What is a reactant?

A

The substances that undergo change

56
Q

What is a product?

A

the new substance formed as a result of that change

57
Q

Exothermic?

A

A chemical reactions that releases energy into surroundings

58
Q

Endothermic?

A

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings

59
Q

Activation Energy?

A

The amount of energy needed to start a reaction

60
Q

Define concentration?

A

It refers to the numbers of particles in a given volume

61
Q

Catalyst?

A

Is a substance that affects the reaction rate without being sed up in the reaction

62
Q

Inhibitor?

A

A substance that doesn’t react, but causes the reaction to go slower

63
Q

How might increasing the concentration of one reactant all the reactions to happen faster?

A

Their are more particles available know, which causes more collisions and the reaction rate to increase

64
Q

After combining the reactants in a beaker, a student stirred the contents. How would stirring the content make the reaction go quicker?

A

By stirring it causes the particle to be forced into colliding cuisine the reactant rate to increase

Physical Science Exam (1 decks)

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