Exam Review Flashcards
Determine the difference between an issue and a problem.
Problem Annoying more than damaging Solved easily Does not affect many people Short term
Issue
Affects everyday life or is very threatening (financially/health-wise/etc.)
Is more complex than applying a solution (solution is not known/accepted/etc.).
Long term
Identify the SPEEC components of analyzing an issue.
Social Political Economic Environmental Cultural
Explain the significance of the Pacific Ring of Fire.
Volcano and earthquake hotspot, a circle around the
Explain Alfred Wegener’s theory of continental drift.
He said that there was once a supercontinent called pangea and it split apart, the continents drifted to where they are now.
What evidence did Wegener use to suggest that all of the earth’s landmasses once formed a supercontinent called Pangaea?
The edges of the continents looked like they would fit together “like a jigsaw puzzle
Why are most earthquakes and volcanoes located along plate boundaries?
The crust, the solid part of the earth, is a thin layer above the volcanic mantle, where magma flows. The cracks in the crust, where plates meet, magma can escape to from lava and rock.
Describe the features and significance of the Canadian Shield.
Swamps, lakes, hills and basins create the landscape of the Canadian Shield.
The Canadian Shield greatly supports our massive logging industry and is a source for many important minerals such as Uranium, Copper, Zinc and Gold.
Why are the Prairies called Canada’s breadbasket?
Prairies are called Canada’s breadbasket because it is the quintessential region which provides massive amounts of grain, both to export and for consumption in Canada itself.
Name the landform region you live in.
St. Lawrence Lowlands
Why do few Canadians live in Canada’s north?
Canadians move out to get a job when they reach adulthood
The climate is harsh and cold, so not many would like to move there
Not as urbanized as southern canada
awkward 6 month long day cycles make living in the north less than ideal.
Differentiate between weather and climate. How do each impact your lives?
Climate is long term norms e.g hot in summer cold in winter
People wear different clothes for climate
Plan events
Weather is short term such as rain, snow
Inclement weather cancellations
Describe the factors that affect climate in Canada (J. Bowler).
GOOD LUCK
Jet stream
Jet Stream (Polar) Layer of fast moving, high-altitude air that forms boundary between cold air masses from the north and warm air masses from the south “Follow the sun” and change location with the season
Bodies of Water
Bodies of water heat up and cool down more slowly than land Consider the desert Bodies of water affect air temperature in the region
Ocean Currents
Warm and cold ocean currents make coastal locations warmer or colder than normal for its latitude Ocean current temperatures affect atmospheric conditions
Wind and Air Masses
Air mass is a huge body of air that has the characteristics of where it formed Winds blow from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
Latitude
Distance from the equator affects climate Canada is located closer to the north pole than the equator therefore we have a colder climate than say Kenya Consider the flashlight demonstration
Elevations and landforms
Is the vertical distance (height) of a landform from sea level to the top of the landform - altitude What happens to the temperature as you climb up a mountain? Temperature drops as elevation increases Air gets thinner and pressure decreases as elevation increases and is less able to retain heat from the sun Air closer to the earth’s surface has higher pressure = warmer
Relief.
The difference in elevation between the highest and lowest points in an area Change in topography (shape of land) Mountainous regions tend to have more precipitation. As air rises, it condenses and releases in various forms of precipitation Example: The Rocky Mountains
What is the difference between a continental and maritime (moderated) climate?
Continental Climate
The climate of countries far from large bodies of water/oceans. More extreme (colder winters, hotter summers).
Maritime Climate
The climate of coastal countries. Less extreme climate (warmer winters, colder summers).
What is an airmass?
A body of air with horizontally uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure.
What is the Jetstream?
Jet Stream (Polar) Layer of fast moving, high-altitude air that forms boundary between cold air masses from the north and warm air masses from the south “Follow the sun” and change location with the season
Why does Vancouver have such a moderate climate?
In the Northern Hemisphere, ocean currents travel counter clockwise. This makes the warmth from the Pacific and Asian waters trickle down into our area. Also, the arctic air from the north can not come down into vancouver because it is the tip
Describe what happens to temperature with an increase in altitude. Why does this happen?
The atmosphere gets weaker the further one gets from the earth. The decrease in pressure at higher altitudes causes the air to get colder as the air releases energy.
What determines whether an air mass will be warm, cold, wet or dry?
Whether it is near a body of water or not. If it is, it will absorb humidity from the water. Generally, if an air mass is near the equator, it will be hotter, likewise for the contrary.
Describe leaching and calcification.
Leaching: downward movement of water through soil
Calcification: upward movement of water through soil
Describe the differences between coniferous and deciduous vegetation.
Coniferous
Leaves stay year round
Pines or scale type leaves
Deciduous
Leaves fall in autumn
Flat leaves
What is a transition zone?
Part of the earth’s mantle, between the lower and upper mantle, at a depth of 410 and 660 km
Name the vegetation region you live in.
Mixed forest
Describe each class of immigrant.
Family Class - immigration from family sponsor
Economic Immigrants - immigrating for benefit to canada’s economy
Independent Immigrants - individual immigrants whose skills and education will make him eligible for permanent residence in canada using the points system
Refugees - Coming to Canada to escape turmoil from the area they are coming from.
Why is immigration important to Canada?
Strengthen economy
Stabilize population pyramid
Diversify country
What is the birth rate?
Births per thousand population per year
Is Canada’s birth rate increasing or declining? How will this impact Canada?
Canada’s birth rate is declining. Canada’s top heavy pyramid will stay that way if this is not ratified to a certain degree.
Canada will want to encourage parenthood more
Canada will want more younger immigrants
How is natural increase calculated?
Difference between birth rate and death rate
Define the term demographics.
Data about population, population pyramid, and groups within it
What is meant by dependency load?
The dependency load is the age to population ratio that is not in the workforce (children 18 and under and seniors 65+) . Also referred to as the dependency ratio
What do population pyramids show?
Population in age groups (increments of 5)
Males and females in each age group
Upper and lower dependency
workforce
Why is soil so important? Think about the Dirt documentary.
It grows our food (Agriculture)
Trees grow providing oxygen
Animals can live off foliage providing more resources
Soil is what our waste breaks down into
Define the terms immigration and emigration
Immigration
Moving into a new country
Emigration
Moving out of a country
Outline the point system. What qualities does the government value from immigrants?
The point system is a system to see who qualifies for immigration to Canada, and it values things like Canadian languages, skill, education, ideal age.
Points are awarded to Education gives max 25 Language gives max 24 Work experience gives max 21 Age gives max 10 HRDC 10 Adaptability 10 Education: PHD or Masters, at 14 years full time study Language: Fluent in at least English or French Work Experience: 2-4 years
What does natural increase mean? Why is this term important?
It is the birth rate minus the death rate. It is how much the population increases, and a high one is necessary for the country’s population to thrive.
