exam review 3

Question 1

What blood vessels directly supply oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to the kidneys?

Answer 1

The renal arteries carry blood from the heart to your kidney.

Question 2

What larger blood vessels do these kidney vessels branch from?

Answer 2

renal artery

Question 3

What are the 6 main regions of the colon?

Answer 3

cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and the rectum

Question 4

What are the 2 flexures called? What abdominal regions are they located in?

Answer 4

There are two colic flexures, or curvatures in the transverse colon. The right colic flexure is also known as the hepatic flexure, and the left colic flexure is also known as the splenic flexure.

Question 5

Identify the gross anatomy of the outside stomach: body, greater curvature, lesser curvature,
pylorus, fundus

Question 6

What epithelium is found in the small intestine?

Answer 6

simple columnar epithelium

Question 7

What are the 3 regions of the small intestine?

Answer 7

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 8

What abdominal region is the liver in? What about the pancreas, stomach, and colon sections?

Answer 8

The liver is located in the right hypochondria region and the epigastric, as well as the right kidney, the gallbladder, and the large/small intestine. The pancreas, the colon, and the stomach are located in the left hypochondria region. The colon is also located in the left lumbar region.

Question 9

Name the valve that separates the small intestine from the large intestine. Be able to identify it

Answer 9

The ileocecal valve.

Question 10

Where does the greater omentum attach to?

Answer 10

The stomach and the transverse colon

Question 11

What enzymes digests the following molecules: starch and fats.

Answer 11

Amylase digests starch and lipase digests fats

Question 12

Identify the digestive system anatomy: mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine, anus.

Question 13

What epithelium is found in each of these areas?

Answer 13

Stratified squamous epithelium, gets to stomach is simple columnar, then to stratified squamous epithelium in anus

Question 14

Biliary tree: when looking at the gallbladder, be able to identify the cystic duct and common bile
Duct

Question 15

What is the wave-like contraction of muscle that propels food down the digestive tract?

Answer 15

Peristalsis

Question 16

Know that enzymes break food down via hydrolysis

Answer 16

Pepsin and trypsin

Question 17

Know the 2 types of digestion

Answer 17

Mechanical digestion:
* mechanically breaks down food for eventual chemical digestion by enzymes.
* Includes chewing, mixing food with saliva by tongue, churning food in the stomach and segmentation in the small intestine.
* involves physical movement to make foods smaller
Chemical digestion:
* chemically breaks down food via enzymes
* saliva is produced by the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular glands; it is 97-99.5% water, but also contains electrolytes, lysozyme, and the digestive enzymes salivary amylase and lingual lipase.
* uses enzymes to break down food
* hydrolysis (enzymatic) reactions

Question 18

Know that absorption means

Answer 18

food molecules are shunted from the lumen of the intestines to the blood and lymph

Question 19

Be able to identify: R/L kidneys, R/L ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra (both male and female
versions)

Question 20

Kidney gross anatomy: cortex, medulla, renal pyramids, minor/major calyces, renal pelvis,
ureter, adrenal glands

Question 21

What is the functional unit of the kidney? Hint: it is what makes urine

Answer 21

The nephron

Question 22

What epithelium lines the inside of the urethra? What about the bladder? The ureters?

Answer 22

Transitional epithelium

Question 23

What urinary system organs lie in the peritoneum? Which are retroperitoneal?

Answer 23

Kidneys are retroperitoneal

Question 24

What structures comprise the renal corpuscle? Be able to identify them.

Answer 24

Glomerulus and Glomerular capsule or Bowman’s capsule

Question 25

What epithelium is found in bowman’s corpuscle?

Answer 25

Parietal layer: simple squamous epithelium
Visceral layer: modified epithelium cells; podocytes

Question 26

Urinalysis: what is the diagnosis for blood in the urine? What about pus?

Answer 26

Blood in the urine is hematuria
Pus in urine is pyuria

Question 27

Path of urine flow: Begins in the nephrons near the cortex…fill in the rest from there.

Answer 27

Nephrons near the cortex, then the renal pyramid, then the minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra

Question 28

What are some symptoms of bladder cancer?

Answer 28

Blood in urine

Question 29

Define what micturition means.

Answer 29

The process of urinating

Question 30

What happens to the prostate gland as a man ages?

Answer 30

It gets bigger making it harder for them to urinate

Question 31

Is the urethra used in the reproductive and urinary systems of both males and females?

Answer 31

No only in males not females.

Question 32

Female gross anatomy: uterus (and its 3 layers),

Answer 32

Perimetrium (outer), Myometrium (middle), Endometrium (inner)

Question 33

Path of ejaculation in males:

Answer 33

testes, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct
(in the prostate), prostatic urethra, intermediate part of the urethra (membranous urethra),
the spongy urethra, external urethral orifice

Question 34

Male anatomy: penis (corpus cavernosa and spongiosum), glans penis, testes, scrotum

Question 35

What vessels supply the uterus with oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

Answer 35

Uterine artery gives blood and the uterine vein takes blood away

Question 36

What larger blood vessels do these uterine vessels branch from?

Answer 36

Internal Iliac artery and vein

Question 37

What is the best preventative measure for cervical cancer?

Answer 37

PAP Smear

Question 38

Identify the anatomy of the breast: nipple, areola, body of the breast, tail of spence

Question 39

What large muscle is deep to the breast tissue

Answer 39

pectoralis major

Question 40

What forms the mass of breast tissue?

Answer 40

Adipose tissue

Question 41

Is it easy to detect breast cancer? What are some risk factors

Answer 41

Not easy to detect
Risk factors:
-early onset of menstruation and late menopause
-no pregnancy or first one late in life
-none or short periods of breastfeeding
-family history of breast cancer

Question 42

Female anatomy:
o External: labia majora, labia minora, mons pubis, clitoris, urethral orifice, vaginal orifice

o Internal: Vaginal canal, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries

Question 43

Why are the testes kept outside the body?

Answer 43

Need to be at lower temperature

Question 44

What is the main function of the testes?

Answer 44

Produce sperm