Exam review 2

Question 0

thought stopping

Answer 0

In sport, the process of replacing a negative thought with a success-oriented, positive thought.

Question 1

short term memory

Answer 1

Working memory,or the center of activity in the information processing system

Question 2

Width of attention

Answer 2

An athlete’s attentional focus,ranging from broad to narrow

Question 3

Constrained action hypothesis

Answer 3

conscious attempts to control movement interferes with automatic motor processes, which results in performance deterioration

Question 4

Individual differences

Answer 4

Relative to information processing, the differences between individual athletes in the amount of processing capacity they have available, as well as in how they utilize the capacity they have

Question 5

conscious processing hypothesis

Answer 5

Reduced pressure due to mental pressure is due to heightened self-consciousness, which causes the athlete to attempt to control previously automated motor skills and motor schema

Question 6

quiet eye period

Answer 6

Lapsed time between the last eye fixation and the intiation of a motor response. A longer quiet eye period is indicative of greater planning and coordinating of motor programs.

Question 7

processing capacity

Answer 7

The limited amount of space people have available for the processing of information

Question 8

conceptual model of mood

Answer 8

theoretical model that explains how mood predicts performance, and one in which depression is a moderator variable that determines how the other moods affect performance

Question 9

Inverted U theory

Answer 9

Model describing the hypothesized curvilinear relationship between arousal and performance . The tern originates from the shape of the curve that results when this relationship is plotted on a graph

Question 10

Iceberg profile

Answer 10

Profile of the elite athlete on the six mood states measured by the POMS. Vigor is the only mood state for which elite athletes scor well above the population mean, causing the profile to resemble an iceberg when charted on a graph

Question 11

pre-competitive state anxiety

Answer 11

competitive state anxiety that occurs prior to or in anticipation of competition.

Question 12

Trait anxiety

Answer 12

A predisposition to perceive certain environmental situations as threatening and to respond to these situations with increased state anxiety

Question 13

somatic anxiety

Answer 13

The physical component of anxiety that reflects the perception of such physiological responses as increased heart rate, respiration, and muscular tension

Question 14

Stress Process

Answer 14

The process by which a potential stressful event elicits a stress response following an unfavorable appraisal of coping resources

Question 15

single detection theory

Answer 15

theory of perception that predicts that increase decision errors will occur when an individual is either insensitive or supersensitive to a physical stimulus.

Question 16

meta-analysis

Answer 16

based on effect sizes, a statistical summary and comparison of independent samples associated with a literature review

Question 17

state anxiety

Answer 17

an immediate emotional state that is characterized by apprehension, fear, tension and an increase in physiological arousal.

Question 18

emotions

Answer 18

Instantaneous discrete response to the environment that lasts only seconds, minutes, or perhaps hrs.

Question 19

drive

Answer 19

represented by arousal and anxiety within the drive theory model.

Question 20

anticipatory skill

Answer 20

The cognitive and perceptual skill to anticipate stimuli that have not appeared.

Question 21

telic-dominant individual

Answer 21

a person with the personality orientation to be goal oriented and to have a serious perspective on life

Question 22

probabilistic model

Answer 22

A zone of optimal functioning model in which performance categories are predicted based on calculate probabilities.

Question 23

standard deviation

Answer 23

on the average, the extent to which a group of scores deviates from the group mean.

Question 24

multidimensional anxiety theory

Answer 24

An anxiety theory based on the notion that anxiety has both cognitive and somatic components.

Question 25

multiple baseline single subject design

Answer 25

research design in which a small number of participants achieve a stable performance baseline prior to receiving a behavioral or cognitive intervention of some kind. Pre and post intervention performance scores are compared

Question 26

mindfulness

Answer 26

as related to flow, the nonjudgemental focus of one’s attention on the here and now.

Question 27

pep talk

Answer 27

practice by the coach or an influential individual of talking to the team just before competition to energize and motivate them.

Question 28

matching hypothesis

Answer 28

the attempt to develop a closer match between precompetitive affect and psychological adjustment

Question 29

anxiety/stress spiral

Answer 29

The circular effect of anxiety causing poor performance that results in even more anxiety

Question 30

affirmation statements

Answer 30

statements that affirm to the athlete that he possesses the skills, abilities, positive attitudes, and beliefs necessary for successful performance

Question 31

short range goals

Answer 31

goals that are achieved along the way toward achieving a long-range goal. Long-range goals are more distal, while short-range goals are more proximal

Question 32

goal attributes

Answer 32

the characteristics of effective goals(clarity, commitment, influence, certainty, satisfaction, acceptance, and participation) These goal attributes are precursors to good performance

Question 33

realistic goal

Answer 33

a goal that is realistic in the sense that the athlete believes that it can be attained

Question 34

timely goal

Answer 34

a goal that appropriately specifies time constraints associated with its achievement

Question 35

action oriented goal

Answer 35

a goal that when achieved, is observable in behavioral terms.

Question 36

specific goal

Answer 36

a goal that focuses exactly on the goal to be achieved.

Question 37

long range goal

Answer 37

a goal that is distal, in the sense that it is going to take a longer time to accomplish. A number of shorter or more proximal goals will need to be achieved before the long range goal can be realized

Question 38

goal setting

Answer 38

a theory of motivation that effectively energizes athletes to become more productive and effective through using goals.

Question 39

learning strategies

Answer 39

effective goal setting encourages development of new ways to accomplish things.

Question 40

behavioral goal

Answer 40

a goal that when achieved is observable and action oriented. You can see the athlete perform the goal behavior

Question 41

SMART

Answer 41

Acronym to help athletes remember that goals should be specific, measurable, action oriented, realistic and timely