Exam review Flashcards
Assessment of the integumentary system includes?
Skin, hair, and nails.
A localized collection of pus caused by infection.
Abscess
Fluid-filled, elevation, superficial lesion greater than 1 cm in diameter.
Bullae
Results from dried secretions over the skin.
Crust
Bluish-gray skin discoloration resulting from the presence or abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood.
Cyanosis
A closed sac containing liquid or semisolid material.
Cyst
Discoloration of skin caused by leakage of blood into the subcutaneous tissue.
Ecchymosis
Scratch or abrasion on the skin surface.
Excoriation
Linear crack in the skin surface.
Fissure
Flat, circumscribed lesion of the skin or mucous membrane that is 1 cm or less in diameter.
Macule
Solid skin elevation that extends into the dermal layer and that is 1 to 2 cm in diameter; a form of papule but larger and deeper.
Nodule
Solid, elevated, superficial lesion 1 cm or less in diameter.
Papule
Tiny, flat purple or red spots on the surface of the skin resulting from little bleeding within the dermal or submucosal layers.
Petechiae
Itchy skin.
Pruritus
Hemorrhage into the tissue, usually circumscribed; lesions may be described as petechiae, ecchymoses according to size.
Purpura
Vesicle or bullae that contains pus.
Pustule
Circumscribed open wound on the surface of the skin or mucous membrane.
Ulcer
Hives; raised and itchy skin that is usually a sign of an allergic reaction.
Urticaria
Fluid-filled, elevation, superficial lesion 1 cm or less in diameter.
Vesicle
Flat-topped elevation in the skin that is edematous and erythematous.
Wheal
The body system comprising the skin and its accessory structures (hair, nails).
Integumentary system
A major function of the skin is _________ from the environment.
Protection
Major functions of the skin.
- Perceiving touch, pressure, temperature, and pain via the nerve endings
- Protecting against mechanical, chemical, thermal, and solar damage
- Protecting against loss of water and electrolytes
- Regulating body temperature
- Repairing surface wounds through cellular replacement
- Synthesizing vitamin D
- Allowing identification through uniqueness of facial contours, skin and hair color, and fingerprints
Thin fiber composed of dead keratinized cells.
Hair
Name the two types of hair:
- Vellus
- Terminal
Lightly pigmented, fine, short hair, often referred to as “peach fuzz” that is found on the face, arms, stomach, and legs.
Vellus hair
Coarse, thick hair that is found on the scalp, underarms, and pubic area.
Terminal hair
Thin plates of keratinized epidermal cells that cover the distal ends of fingers and toes.
Nails
8 General Questions asked during a Focused Interview related to skin, hair, and nails.
- Illness or infection
- Symptoms
- Pain
- Behaviors
- Infants and children
- Pregnant females
- Older adults
- Environment
“InSyPaBeInPOE
5 items that should be removed before assessing the skin, hair, and nails.
- Jewelry
- Cosmetics
- Clothing
- Hairpieces
- Wig
6 types of Abnormal Skin Findings:
- Primary and Secondary lesions
- Purpuric lesions
- Vascular lesions
- Malignant lesions
- Infection
- ABCDE criteria
What is ABCDE Criteria?
- Asymmetry
- Border irregularity
- Color Variegation
- Diameter > 6mm
- Evolving changes
Under ABCDE criteria, evolving changes include?
- size
- shape
- symptoms
- surface
- shades of color
Bright red birthmark that shows up at birth/ 1st or 2nd week of life.
Hemangioma
Common areas of hemangioma?
- Face
- Scalp
- Chest
- Back
Baby’s hemangioma is also called?
Infantile Hemangioma
Permanent birthmark, w/ smooth flat, pink red purple patch on a newborn.
Port-wine stain
Where does port wine stain usually appear?
Face
Other name for Pork-wine stain?
Nevus Flammeus
Is a small red/purple mark on your skin caused by dilated (wide) blood vessels near the surface of your skin
Spider Angioma
Other name for Spider angioma? give one
- Star Angioma
- Spider Nevus
- Spider telangiectasia
It is a small dark blue/purple slightly elevated papules which are soft and compressible?
Venous Lake
Long-term sun exposure can cause, possibly by smoking, and is common in men?
Venous Lake
These are pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding cause by simple injury or straining, or more serious injuries causing to appear red, brown, purple
Petechiae
Are blood spots and skin Hemorrhages (Purple-colored spots) that are most recognizable in skin.
Purpura
The two main types of purpura are related to blood platelet levels. Platelets help your blood clot and prevent severe bleeding.
Thrombocytopenic and nonthrombocytopenic
In purpura with Low platelet count?
Thrombocytopenic purpura
In purpura with Normal platelet count?
Nonthrombocytopenic purpura
_ _ _ are tiny, dot-like purpura. _ _ _ is between 4 millimeters (mm) and 10 mm in diameter.
- Petechiae
- Purpura
Purpura larger than 1cm is called?
Ecchymosis / Bruise
Skin discoloration from damaged, leaking blood vessels underneath your skin. Even though there’s blood pooling underneath your skin, you won’t have any external bleeding unless your skin breaks open.
Ecchymosis
Medical term for bruise?
Ecchymosis
A collection of blood outside of blood vessels. Most commonly, are caused by an injury to the wall of a blood vessel, prompting blood to seep out of the blood vessel into the surrounding tissues.
Hematoma
A solid swelling of clotted blood within the body’s tissues.
Hematoma
8 kinds of skin lesions?
- Tinea
- Measles
- Varicella
- Herpes
- Psoriasis
- Dermatitis
- Eczema
- Impetigo
Rash caused by a fungal infection. It’s usually an itchy, circular rash with clearer skin in the middle. Ringworm gets its name because of its appearance. No worm is involved.
Tinea Corporis
Ringworm for athletes foot?
Tinea pedis
Ringworm for jock itch?
Tinea cruris
Ringworm in scalp?
Tinea capitis
a childhood infection caused by a virus.
Measles (rubeola)
It is an infection that mostly affects the skin and lymph nodes.
German measles (rubella)
Why areGerman measles dangerous among pregnant women?
Because it can cause serious health problems to their babies.
It is an infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus. It causes an itchy rash with small, fluid-filled blisters. It is highly contagious to people who haven’t had the disease or been vaccinated against it.
Chickenpox
The itchy blister rash caused by chickenpox infection appears _ _ to _ _days after exposure to the virus and usually lasts about _ _ to _ _ days.
- 10 to 21 days
- 5 to 10 days
Virus present in Chickenpox
Varicella-zoster virus
A virus that causes skin infections. The infection lasts your lifetime, and it causes painful or itchy sores and blisters that come and go. virus typically doesn’t cause severe problems. But it can be dangerous in infants and people with weakened immune systems.
Herpes Simplex
2 types of herpes?
HSV - 1
HSV - 2
Commonly known as oral herpes) tends to affect your mouth or face. It causes cold sores and spreads through contact with saliva (spit).
HSV - 1
Commonly known as genital herpes) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). It causes sores on skin that come in contact with the genitals of an infected person.
HSV - 2
Caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes varicella (chickenpox).
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
The varicella-zoster virus causes __________ in children, and can reappear as __________ in adulthood.
- chickenpox
- measles
A common, long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. It can be painful, interfere with sleep and make it hard to concentrate. The condition tends to go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while.
Psoriasis
What is the underlying cause of Psoriasis?
It is caused by a problem with the immune system.
An itchy rash caused by direct contact with a substance or an allergic reaction to it. The rash isn’t contagious, but it can be very uncomfortable.
Contact dermatitis
Common and highly contagious skin infection that mainly affects infants and young children caused by one or both of the following bacteria: group A Streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. It usually appears as reddish sores on the face, especially around the nose and mouth and on the hands and feet.
Impetigo
Impetigo develops a _ _ _ crusts
Honey - colored
Bacteria present in Impetigo?
Group A Staphylococcus and Streptococcus aureus
Name 4 types of malignant lesions of the skin.
- Basal cell carcinoam
- Squamous cell carcinoma
- Malignant melanoma
- Kaposi’s Sarcoma
It is a type of skin cancer that forms in the basal cells of your skin. Basal cells exist in the lower part of your epidermis
Basal cell Carcinoma
Common form of skin cancer that develops in the squamous cells that make up the middle and outer layers of the skin.It is usually not life-threatening, though it can be aggressive.
Squamous-cell carcinoma
Most serious type of skin cancer, develops in the cells (melanocytes) that produce melanin — the pigment that gives your skin its color.
Malignant Melanoma
Pigment that gives a skin a color?
Melanin
It is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the skin or mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal (GI) tract
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Kaposi’s Sarcoma is associated with?
Human Herpes Virus 8
Name 5 abnormal findings related to hair.
- Tinea capitis
- Cradle cap
- Alopecia
- Folliculitis
- Hirsutism
It causes crusty or oily scaly patches on a baby’s scalp. The condition isn’t painful or itchy. But it can cause thick white or yellow scales that aren’t easy to remove.
Cradle Cap
Yeast or fungus that grows in sebum among cradle crap?
Malassezia
It is a rash caused by a fungal infection. It usually causes itchy, scaly, bald patches on the head.
Tinea Capitis
This is a disease that develops when the body attacks its own hair follicles (where hair grows from), which can cause hair loss anywhere on the body.
Tinea capitis
A medical term for bald?
Alopecia
Type of baldness, This patchy baldness can develop anywhere on the body, including the scalp, beard area, eyebrows, eyelashes, armpits, inside your nose, or ears.
Alopecia areata
Type of baldness, The person loses all hair on the scalp, so the scalp is completely bald.
Alopecia totalis
Type of baldness, The person loses all hair, leaving the entire body hairless. This is rare.
Alopecia Universalis
3 types of Alopecia?
- Alopecia areata
- Alopecia totalis
- Alopecia universalis
It is a common skin condition that happens when hair follicles become inflamed. It’s often caused by an infection with bacteria. At first it may look like small pimples around the tiny pockets from where each hair grows (hair follicles).
Folliculitis
It is often caused when hair follicles are infected with bacteria, commonly?
Staphylococcus aureus
It is a condition that causes excess hair to grow on certain parts of your body. It mainly affects women and people assigned female at birth. Underlying conditions such as PCOS
Hirsutism
Hirsutism is the development of coarse, dark hair growth on areas such as the upper lip, chin, chest, abdomen, or back, instead of fine hair, also known as __________ __________.
“Peach Fuzz”
Name 5 abnormal findings related to the nails.
- Spoon nail
- Paronychia
- Beau’s line
- Splinter hemorrhage
- Onycholysis
It is also known as “koilonychia”. It refers to soft nails that have a spoon-shaped dent in them and deficient in iron and Vitamin B
Spoon nail
The name “koilonychia” comes from the Greek word koilos, which means _ _ . Nychia refers to _ _.
- hollow
- Nail conditions
It is a skin infection around the fingernails or toenails. It usually affects the skin at the base (cuticle) or up the sides of the nail.
Paronychia
There are two types of paronychia:
Acute and Chronic Paronychia
It is horizontal ridges or dents in one or more of your fingernails or toenails. They’re a sign that an illness, injury or skin condition interrupted your nail growth. Treating the underlying cause will allow new, smooth nails to grow again.
Beau’s line
Beau’s lines happen when:
- Illness or severe stress interrupts your nail growth. If you become sick or experience high stress, your body temporarily directs its energy away from growing nails.
- Injuries damage your nail matrix (where nails start to grow).
- Long-term health problems interfere with blood flow to your nail matrix.
These are small areas of bleeding (hemorrhaging) under your nails. They can affect your fingernails or toenails. They look like thin, red or reddish-brown lines below your nails. They run vertically in the direction of your nail growth.
Splinter hemorrhage
It is a condition in which the nail separates from the skin it. It may be caused by a nail injury, fungus, or psoriasis. The condition does not go away, and a person must wait until a new nail grows.
Onycholysis
It is often caused by the skin around the nail getting injured or irritated by germs?
Paronychia
Name the 4 types of special considerations that impact the integumentary system.
- Developmental
- Psychosocial
- Cultural
- Environmental
Newborn skin is covered with __________ __________.
vernix caseosa
Infants have skin that is thin, soft, and free of __________ hair.
Terminal hair
common, harmless markings in newborns?
Storkbites / Milia
Infants may be born with?
Lanugo / mongolian spots
In pregnant females development of _ _ and _ _ are common?
Melasma
linea nigra
During pregnancy, skin pigmentation decreases.
False, it increases
If babies are in pediatrics, Older people are called?
Geriatrics
In older adults, skin __________ decreases with aging.
Elasticity
In older adults, __________ production decreases and causes dryness.
Sebum
Give an example of a psychosocial consideration related to the integumentary system.
- Stress-induced illnesses
- Visible skin disorders
- self-esteem/body image
Name 3 skills required for psychosocial assessment related to the integumentary system.
- Excellent communication skills
- Ability to pose questions with tact
- Sympathetic nature
- Ability to bond with the patient
Name 3 cultural and environmental considerations related to the integumentary system.
- Religion
- Birth anomalies
- Diet deficiencies
Loss of color in skin due to absence of oxygenated hemoglobin
Pallor
Congenital / acquired loss of melanin pigments
Absence of color
Mottled blue in skin and has inadequate tissue perfusion with oxygenated blood
Cyanosis
Ruddy tone due to an increased hemoglobin and stasis of blood in capillaries.
Reddish blue tone
Redness of skin due to increase visibility of normal oxyhemoglobin
Erythema
Yellow undertone due to increased billurubin in the blood.
Jaundice
Yellow orange tinge caused by increased levels of carotene in the blood and skin
Carotenemia
Pale yellow due to retention of urinary chromogens in blood
Uremia
An increase production and deposition of melanin
Brown
Rubbing the skin of the back, upper chest, neck, and arms with a coin in symmetric patterns, resulting in skin bruising.
Coining
What physical finding does coining result in?
Skin bruising
Sucking of the skin on the forehead, back, and upper chest using heated glass cups, resulting in red circular lesions.
Cupping
Pulling upward on the skin of the neck, back, and chest, and between the eyebrows with the first and second fingers.
Pinching
What is the general purpose of coining, cupping, and pinching?
- stimulate circulation
- restore balance in children and adults with a variety of ailments.
