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Botany > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What do green algae and land plants have in common?

A
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2
Q

What are the major classifications of land plants, and what are their defining features?

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3
Q

What are the principle roles of the Xylem and Phloem and which
directions do they flow?

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4
Q

What are the main components of a seed? What are the benefits of seeds?

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5
Q

What are the two classes of angiosperms? What are their differing characteristics?

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6
Q

What makes plant cells unique to animal and fungal cells?

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7
Q

What are chloroplasts (origin, purpose, and structural elements)?

A
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8
Q

What are the main products of the light reaction of photosynthesis?

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9
Q

What are the main events associated with each of the two
photosystems in the light reaction and what is the difference between antenna pigments and reaction centre pigments?

A
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10
Q

What is photophosphorylation and what is the relationship between this process and the importance of the thylakoid membrane?

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11
Q

What is the most important trait that allows seeds to be stored through cryopreservation?

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12
Q

What features of meiosis result in genetic variability?

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13
Q

In what phase do chiasmas occur, and what is the significance of them?

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14
Q

What are type of genetic mutations that can occur?

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15
Q

How do humans influence plant evolution? What traits do we often select for? What are the consequences of this?

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16
Q

What do plants to do seek light? How does light influence their life cycles?

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17
Q

Which tropisms are auxin heavily and clearly involved in? Which are still unknown?

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18
Q

What stimuli can the root collumna sense?

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19
Q

What is the main differences between tap and fibrous roots? Can you give an example of each?

A
20
Q

Who initiates nitrogen fixing nodule formation? What steps follow?

A
21
Q

Why is nitrogen fixation so important? What is the basic chemical
process?

A
22
Q

What are advantages and disadvantages of the Haber-Bosch process?

A
23
Q
  1. Which is NOT a trait shared by Viridiplantae members?
    a) Contain chlorophyll a and b
    b) Have oogamous sexual reproduction
    c) Have a shared red algae ancestry
    d) Store starch in plastids
A

c)Have a shared red algae ancestry

24
Q
  1. Match the Land Plant group to their defining characteristic:
    Bryophyte
    Seedless Vascular
    Gymnosperm – Vascular system, naked seeds
    Angiosperm

– no vascular system, spores
– Vascular system, spores
– Vascular system, seed vessels
– Vascular system, naked seeds

A

Bryophyte – no vascular system, spores
Seedless Vascular – Vascular system, spores
Gymnosperm – Vascular system, naked seeds
Angiosperm – Vascular system, seed vessels

25
Q
  1. Which plant structure is principally responsible for the movement of food and hormones?
    a) Sporangium
    b) Rhizoid
    c) Xylem
    d) Phloem
A

d) Phloem

26
Q
  1. Select the correct answer. Flower are:
    a) Arrangements of specialized leaves with reproductive appendages
    b) A unique and defining feature of all Bryophytes
    c) Necessary for all food crops
    d) A defining feature of all eudicots
A

a) Arrangements of specialized leaves with reproductive appendages

27
Q
  1. In the geologic/evolutionary time clock which organism came first:
    a) Bacteria
    b) Algae
    c) Fungi
    d) Seaweed
A

a) Bacteria

28
Q
  1. Which statement(s) is(are) false:
    a) Allelopathy is the path electrons follow in Photosystem II to produce ATP
    b) Black Walnut produces the allelopathic phytochemical juglone
    c) Allelopathy inhibits of the germination and growth of surrounding plants
    d) Phycobilin is an allelopathic chemical that can oxidize water and releases O2
    e) Allelopathy translates to “mutual suffering”
A

a) Allelopathy is the path electrons follow in Photosystem II to produce ATP

d) Phycobilin is an allelopathic chemical that can oxidize water and releases O2

29
Q
  1. Chloroplasts are:
    a) Modified endosymbiotic mitochondria
    b) Totipotent and you can grow a full plant from a chloroplast
    c) Contain the lumen, where light reactions occur
    d) Contain thylakoids, which get their colour from Chlorophyll and accessory pigments
A

d) Contain thylakoids, which get their colour from Chlorophyll and accessory pigments

30
Q
  1. When accessory pigments get excited by light, they transfer this energy through:
    a) The release of fluorescence and a small amount of heat
    b) Resonance Energy Transfer
    c) Electron Transfer Chain
    d) Photolysis
A

b) Resonance Energy Transfer

31
Q
  1. Cyclic Photophosphorylation:
    a) Only occurs in photosystem II
    b) Results in the production of NADPH for Photosystem I
    c) Relies on additional high-energy electrons from outside the photosystem
    d) Results in the production of ATP for the Calvin Cycle
A

d) Results in the production of ATP for the Calvin Cycle

32
Q
  1. Select all that are true: the Chlorophyll a pigment P680:
    a) Is named for the nanometer wavelength of light it absorbs
    b) Is found in Photosystem I
    c) Can oxidize electrons from water
    d) Passes its electron directly to noncyclic photophosphorylation
    e) Is found in the centre of the antenna complex
A

a) Is named for the nanometer wavelength of light it absorbs
c) Can oxidize electrons from water
e) Is found in the centre of the antenna complex

33
Q
  1. Adenosine Triphosphate:
    a) Is equivalent to an adenine nucleotide
    b) Is produced by Photosystem II
    c) Needs a H+ gradient within the chloroplast to be produced
    d) Gains an electron from plastoquinone
A

c) Needs a H+ gradient within the chloroplast to be produced

34
Q
  1. Match the Calvin Cycle Phase to the light reaction output it uses
    * Carbon Fixation
    * Reduction
    * Regeneration
    * Carbon Deposition -this is not a calvin cycle phase

– 6 NADPH
– 3 ATP
– 3 ATP
-this is not a calvin cycle phase

A
  • Carbon Fixation – 3 ATP
  • Reduction – 6 NADPH
  • Regeneration - 3 ATP
  • Carbon Deposition -this is not a calvin cycle phase
35
Q
  1. The first detectable product of the Calvin cycle is
    a.Rubisco
    b.3-phophoglyerate (PGA)
    c.Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate (RuBP)
    d.Glyeraldehyde 3-phosphate (PGAL)
    e.Anthocyanin
A

b.3-phophoglyerate (PGA)

36
Q
  1. What is produced in the 3rd stage of the Calvin cycle, Regeneration
    a.3 molecules of RuBP and 1 molecule of PGAL
    b. 5 molecules of RuBP and 1 molecule of PGAL
    c. 5 molecules of Rubisco and 3 molecules of PGAL
    d. 1 molecule of PGAL and 9 molecules of ADP
A

a.3 molecules of RuBP and 1 molecule of PGAL

37
Q
  1. Which form of fixed carbon is transported through plant phloems
    a.PGAL
    b.Starch
    c.Glucose
    d.Sucrose
    e.Fructose
A

d.Sucrose

38
Q
  1. What is NOT true of starch
    a. It is insoluble and osmotically innert
    b. It is comprised of two glucose polymers
    c. Starch is an energy dense form of fixed carbon
    d. Transitory starch moves through the phloem
    e. Storage starch is collected in non-photosynthetic tissues
A

d. Transitory starch moves through the phloem

39
Q
  1. Auxin is produced at _____ and controls the growth of ________
    a) shoot tips, roots
    b) root tips, roots
    c) shoot tips, shoots
    d) root tips, roots
A

a) shoot tips, roots

40
Q
  1. Which parts of the flower are modified leaves and sterile appendages?
    a) Petal
    b) Sepal
    c) Pedicel
    d) Stamen
    e) Carpel
A

a) Petal
b) Sepal

41
Q
  1. Select the land plants that have a larger sporophyte generation than gametophyte
    generation:
    a) Bryophytes
    b) Seedless Vasculars
    c) Gymnosperms
    d) Angiosperms
    e) Sporangiums
A

b) Seedless Vasculars
c) Gymnosperms
d) Angiosperms

42
Q
  1. In a study testing different rates of auxin applied to cuttings to promote root growth. Root
    numbers are what type of research variable?
    a) Independent variable
    b) Dependent variable
    c) Extraneous variable
    d) Experimental variable
A

a) Independent variable

43
Q
  1. Which best describes Mendel’s Law of Segregation
    a) During gametogenesis alleles separate from each other
    b) Alleles get sorted independently of one another during gametogenesis
    c) Dominant alleles are expressed over recessive alleles at phenogenesis
    d) Dominant alleles separate linked recessive genes
A

a) During gametogenesis alleles separate from each other

44
Q
  1. In a plant embryo the procambium will develop into the:
    a) Epidermis
    b) Vascular tissue
    c) Ground tissue
    d) Leaves
    e) It is only a food source
A

b) Vascular tissue

Botany (2 decks)

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