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Forensic Psychology > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Difference between a PsyD and PhD

A

PhD focuses more on research & PsyD focuses on clinical training

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2
Q

Victimology

A

The psychological & criminological study of crime victimization. Includes characteristics of victims, victim rights, and assistance programs

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3
Q

What are the effects of criminal victimization on adults?

A

physical injuries, financial loss, psychological distress like anxiety and depression

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4
Q

What are evidence-based practices?

A

the use of the best available research and data to guide decisions and improve outcomes

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5
Q

Excessive Force

A

situations in law enforcement where the level of force exceeds what is reasonably necessary

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6
Q

Police Culture

A

A set of behaviors & attitudes that are presumed to be characteristic of individuals involved in law enforcement work

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7
Q

Screening-in procedure

A

Intended to identify those attributes (almost invariably personality) that distinguish one candidate over another as being potentially a more effective police officer

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8
Q

Occupational stressors for police officers

A

traumatic events, shift work & lengths, public mistrust

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9
Q

Critical incidents

A

Emergencies & disasters that are nonroutine and unanticipated

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10
Q

Linkage Analysis

A

Method of identifying crimes that are likely to have been committed by the same offender because of similarities across the crimes.

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11
Q

Psychological profiling – what is involved?

A

threat & risk assessment, analyzing crime scene details, evidence, and behavioral patterns, identify their personality traits, motivations, and demographic characteristics

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12
Q

Confirmation Bias

A

The tendency to look for evidence that confirms one’s preexisting expectations or beliefs

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13
Q

How is deception detected?

A

by analyzing a combination of verbal and nonverbal cues, including facial expressions, body language, tone of voice, inconsistencies in stories, and physiological responses, often through observation and questioning techniques

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14
Q

Four stages of the judicial process

A

*pretrial: the period between a person’s first contact with law enforcement and the final disposition of the case
*Trial:a jury or judge listens to evidence and decides if a defendant is guilty or not guilty of a crime
*Disposition: the final result of a criminal case or arrest:
*Appeals: allows a losing party in a trial court to ask a higher court to rehear the case and reconsider the original decision.

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15
Q

Jurisdiction

A

the official power to make legal decision & judgements

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16
Q

Civil cases

A

non-criminal lawsuit in which a person sues another in court to protect their rights

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17
Q

Dynamic Risk Factors

A

Aspects of a person’s developmental history that change over time such as attitudes, opinions, & knowledge

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18
Q

Role of expert witnesses in the court system

A

help the judge or the jury in making decisions about matters that are beyond the knowledge of the typical layperson

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19
Q

The two-pronged Dusky standard

A

Relates to juvenile and adult competency to stand trial and decision-making abilities. The rule holds that defendants must be able to understand and appreciate the criminal proceedings against them and be able to assist their attorneys in their defense.

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20
Q

Diagnosis of many people who are incompetent to stand trial

A

Serious mental disorders such as schizophrenia & psychotic symptoms

21
Q

Guilty but mentally ill

A

A verdict alternative in some states that allows defendants to be found guilty while seemingly affording them treatment for mental disorders.

22
Q

What happens to people found NGRI?

A

*a period of civil commitment in a mental institution or an outpatient basis
* Some states require that the person be evaluated for possible hospitalization within 2 weeks

23
Q

Not competent to stand trial – what does this entail?

A

psychologists may be involved in treating the defendant to restore competency

24
Q

Why are family courts considered dangerous?

A

high emotion & occasional anger & dissatisfaction with the contestant
* concerns about potential bias against one parent

25
Q

Testamentary capacity

A

The mental ability to make a will.

26
Q

What is needed for involuntary civil commitment?

A

*proof that that the individual is mentally ill and in need of treatment
*the person must be deemed a danger to self or others or so gravely disabled that this person is unable to meet their basic needs.

27
Q

What rights does a person lose when they are involuntarily civilly committed?

A

some areas of law are still unsettled, such as whether indigent people have the right to counsel or an independent expert to testify on their behalf.

28
Q

Callous-unemotional

A

Group of personality characteristics believed to be associated with psychopathy, such as self-centeredness and lack of empathy. See also four-factor perspective.

29
Q

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A

a chronic neurological condition characterized by developmentally poor attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.

30
Q

Hostile attribution bias

A

The tendency of some individuals to perceive hostile intent in others even when it is lacking.

31
Q

Core factors of psychopathy

A

Interpersonal, impulsive, affective, and antisocial

32
Q

Violence and aggression – similarities and differences

A

*Violence is the physical force exerted to inflict pain
*Aggression is behavior attempted with the intention of harming another individual

33
Q

Workplace violence

A

The aggressive actions, including deaths, that occur at the workplace, not necessarily caused by those who work within the organization.

34
Q

“Cooling-off period”

A

An extended period of time between killings

35
Q

Different types of mass murder

A

Classic: the killing of 3 or more persons at a single location with no cooling-off period between killings
Family: 3 family members are killed by another immediate family member

36
Q

Demographic characteristics of perpetrators of internet-initiated sex crimes

A

adult white males, older than 25 with various online communication platforms

37
Q

Male date rape attitudes

A

*Feeling of entitlement

38
Q

How are unstructured clinical interviews a problem when dealing with adult sex offenders?

A

1) they can lead to unreliable and inconsistent information,
2) potentially causing issues with accuracy in risk assessment, overlooking important details, and introducing bias from the clinician’s interpretation
3) confirmation bias

39
Q

Characteristics of sexually aggressive males

A

greater hostility toward women, stronger sexual dominance motives

40
Q

Whose rights does the Constitution of the United States protect?

A

citizens, residents, and visitors to the United States,

41
Q

Why do youth commit suicide after being a victim of a violent crime?

A

overwhelming psychological impact of trauma, which can manifest as severe depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder

42
Q

Trafficking

A

deal or trade in something illegal

43
Q

Characteristics of CSEC victims

A

minors (12-17), history of abuse, runaways or homeless children, neglect, family dysfunction.

Low self-esteem, previous sex work history

44
Q

Young child homicides are performed by who?

A

family members

45
Q

Primary motive of male abusers of women

A

establish or maintain power and control over them.

46
Q

Know postpartum blues, postpartum psychosis, and postpartum depression

A

Blues: crying, irritability, anxiety, confusion, & rapid mood changes. Often lasts up to 2 weeks & can be experienced by the partner

Depression: a more severe version of postpartum blues. Symptoms are similar to postpartum blues but include suicidal thoughts and lack of interest in child and life activities. Symptoms can start to appear during pregnancy.

Psychosis: The most severe & rare (1 out of every 1,000). Those with this condition typically already have a serious mental health condition. Limited research available; but an individual could be involuntarily hospitalized.

47
Q

What is the main cause of death for abused children?

A

Abusive Head Trauma

48
Q

Most common place where elder abuse happens

A

At home

49
Q

Characteristics of abusive families

A

socially isolated and lack an extended network of family and friends for social, financial, and emotional support
Family Dynamic: unstable, stormy relationships between adults, one or more children who are resented or unwanted, financial constraints, heavy alcohol or drug abuse, or feelings of being trapped with little way out.

Forensic Psychology (1 decks)

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