Exam Review Flashcards
What are the 3 P’s of Civics?
Personal, Political and Proactive
Tell me about the first P of civics: Personal
Personal: The study of the rights and responsibilities of citizenship.
Tell me about the second P of civics: Political
Political: To learn about how decisions are made and who makes them
Tell me about the third P of civics: Proactive
Proactive: Ways that we can act for the common good
What is the Living Tree a name for, and why?
The Constitution. Even though it cannot be easily amended, is not intended to be a static document. It is intended to grow and evolve over time, like a tree.
What are the 3 A’s of Civics?
Adapt, Accommodate and Address
What is a hierarchy of competence?
High competence = harder, yet more rewarding, jobs, and vice versa; NOT equity
(Competence = the quality or state of having sufficient knowledge, judgment, skill, or strength)
What is the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
The Canadian Document that guarantees the rights and freedoms set out in it subject to reasonable limits prescribed by law.
Define: Community
A collection of people who have shared identity and a sense of responsibility to other members of the community. Can be based on common values.
Define: Identity
How you see yourself within your communities.
Define: Rights
Privileges recognized and protected by law. Tells you what you can do. . .
Define: Responsibilities
Tasks or duties that an individual is required or expected to carry out. Tells you what you should do. . .
What is Bill 21 in Quebec?
Prohibits public employees, including judges and teachers, from wearing religious symbols when exercising their public roles.
Define: Diplomacy
Managing international relations through dialogue and negotiation.
What is the Rome Statute?
The Rome Statute is the treaty that established the International Criminal Court.
What is idealism?
The practice of pursuing ideals, especially unrealistically.
What is realism?
The attitude of accepting a situation as it is and being prepared to deal with it accordingly.
What is noble (in terms of noble and feasible)?
Showing high moral principles and ideals (Some things are noble; you really want to do them because they are the right thing to do. But is usually not feasible. For example, world peace may be noble but not feasible)
What is feasible (in terms of noble and feasible)?
Possible to do easily or conveniently (Some things are actually feasible; you actually can do them, and you may be stuck with doing them since it’s the only thing possible. For example, world peace may be noble but not feasible)
What is critical thinking?
Analysis and evaluation of an issue to form a judgment.
Define: Tolerance
The ability or willingness to tolerate something, in particular the existence of opinions or behavior that one does not necessarily agree with.
Define: Ad Hominem
Directed against a person rather than their position on a topic.
What is NIMBY?
A person who objects to the siting of something perceived as unpleasant or potentially dangerous in their own neighborhood, such as a landfill or hazardous waste facility, especially while raising no such objections to similar developments elsewhere.
What is qualitative data?
Data not in the form of numbers. Like color.
What is quantitative data?
Data in the form of numbers.
Define: Citizenship
The position of being a citizen of a particular country; Membership in a political community.
Define: Government
A system, or individual that makes decisions for the people in a nation.
What is an Authoritarian Government
A government that demands that people obey completely and refuses to allow them freedom
What is a coup d’etat?
French for “Stroke of the state” which means a sudden overthrow of a state’s government.
Define: Democracy
Demos = Rule
Kratos = of the people
Democracy = Rule of the people
Defined by voting and the rule of the majority.
What is a direct democracy?
Everything is voted on by the citizens.
What is a indirect democracy?
A leader is elected by the citizens to make the decisions for them because voting for everything is pretty tedious.
What is a monarchy?
Monarchy = Rule of one
Monarchy = Political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of a single person (Royal Family)
What are the two kinds are monarchys?
Absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy.
What is an absolute monarchy?
A monarchy where the monarch has absolute power.
What is a constitutional monarchy?
A monarchy where the monarch has an elected government to run the country while the monarch just kinda watches.
What is an oligarchy?
Oligarchy = rule of the few
Oligarchy = Government by the few, especially despotic power exercised by a small and privileged group for corrupt or selfish purposes.
What is arbitrary power?
Power uncontrolled by law
Define: Belief
An acceptance that a statement is true
Define: Values
Important principles that guides one’s behaviors
Define: Discrimination
The unjust treatment of different categories of people or things.
Define Diversity
The inclusion of different types of people in a group.
Define: Conformity Bias
The tendency to change one’s beliefs or behavior to fit in with others.
What is a federal government?
Responsible for the whole country. They take care of taxes, railways, and banking.
What is a provincial government?
Responsible for areas such as education, health care, and natural resources. Sometimes share responsibility with the federal.
What is a municipal government?
Based in a city or town. Responsible for areas such as libraries, parks, and garbage collection.
What are individual rights?
The rights of one individual or person.
What are collective rights?
he rights of an entire group of people (ex. Race, gender, employees at a corporation).
What is the executive branch?
The decision-making branch in Canada that develops policies.
What is the legislative branch?
The lawmaking branch. It makes laws. Because it’s the lawmaking branch.
What is the judicial branch?
This is the branch that interprets the laws. It’s really just the courts. Especially the Supreme Court.
Define: Civil law
Civil law exists to solve disputes between private parties and is more about compensation than punishment.
Define: Criminal law
Criminal Law relates to crimes or acts that cause intentional harm to another person or another person’s property.
What happens when you have a Summary offence?
It’s pretty unserious. The accused appears before a provincial court judge for a trial that will normally proceed immediately.
What happens when you have an Indictable offence
An accused has three choices: Have a judge alone hear the case in a provincial court; have a judge and jury hear the case in a superior court; have a judge alone hear the case in a superior court.
Define: Constitutional law
The laws that defines the role, powers and stuffs of everybody. It includes the Charter of Freedom and Rights, if that helps. It’s also kinda called our constitution.
Define: Statute law
Laws that are passed down by elected representative.
Define: Common law
Law based on precedent – previous decisions made by other judges in similar cases.
Define: Equality
Conditions achieved when all people are treated the same way, regardless of individual differences. Equality focuses on creating the same starting line for everyone.
Define: Equity
Condition achieved when all people are treated in a way that is fair, just and inclusive. Equity has the goal providing everyone with the full range of opportunities and benefits – the same finish line.
What is affirmative action?
An active effort to improve employment or educational opportunities for members of minority groups and for women. The typical criteria for affirmative action are race, disability, gender, ethnic origin, and age.
What is a by-law?
A law enacted by a municipal council that applies to that municipality. Basically a law made by a city for that city only.
Define: Political ideology
Refers to a particular way of thinking about political, economic, and social policies.
What is the political sprectrum?
Political parties can be arranged from left to right according to their political ideology. This line (or circle if you’re cool) is called the political spectrum.
Define: Political platform?
The aims and principles of a political party. Their goals.
What is Liberalism?
A political ideology that advocates government activism, civil liberties, and social reform.
What is Conservatism?
A political and social ideology that advocates limited government intervention and the preservation or restoration of traditions.
What is Capitalism?
Private ownership - private owners control a country’s trade and business sector for personal profit.
What is Socialism?
A political system aiming to correct the imbalance between the rich and the poor by regulating the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
What is Libertarianism?
A belief in total personal freedom without the constraints of imposed rules; as a political ideology, advocated maximum individual freedom and an absence of government intervention.
Fiscally conservative, socially liberal.
What is Fascism?
A political ideology of the extreme right that blends authoritarianism, paternalism, and capitalism; it supports a hierarchical view of society and builds its appeal on nationalism, opposition to communism, and the use of force.
What is Communism?
A political system in which property and resources are owned collectively by a classless society. Also is Totalitarian.
What is a totalitarianism?
A form of government in which the state assumes total control of all aspects of society (public) and individual (private) life.
What is an activist?
A person who takes action to achieve a certain social or political result that he or she believes is beneficial to the common good.
Define: Constitution
A constitution is a formal set of rules, principles, and procedures for running a country.
What is a living document?
A document meant to change over time. The Constitution is referred to as a living document because it exists only to help the people at that time and should change to stay relevant in today’s time.
What is the MP?
Member of Parliament
What is the MPP
Member of Provincial Parliament
What is the Senate
a bunch of old people in a room arguing about stuff since they’re old, so they’re wiser. They make review laws and stuff before they go into place. They’re known as the second sober thought.
What is the House of Commons?
A bunch of elected people who make laws and stuff.
What is the Legislative Assembly for?
It just debates about the government’s priorities and where they should be.
Who’s Justin Trudeau?
Current Prime Minister and Leader of the Liberal Party of Canada.
Who’s Pierre Poilievre?
Current Leader of the conservative Party of Canada.
Who’s Jagmeet Singh?
Current Leader of the Socialist Party of Canada (NDP).
Who’s Yves F. Blanchet?
Current Leader of the Bloc Québécois Party of Canada.
Who’s King John I?
King of England that was forced into signing the Magna Carta.
Who’s John Diefenbaker?
Man who created the 1960 Canadian Bill of Right.
Who’s Pierre Trudeau?
Justin Trudeau’s dad, former PM, and leader of the Liberal Party. He and Queen Elizabeth signed the Constitution.
Who’s Omar Khadr?
Canadian who left to go fight for terrorists. Returned only to go to jail. Soon got out and sued the Canadian Government for $10 Million and won.
Who’s Vladimir Putin?
Authoritarian President of Russia.
Who’s Alexander Lukashenko?
Authoritarian President of Belarus.
Who’s Alexi Navalny?
Ran for office to advocate reforms against corruption in Russia and against Vladimir Putin. So Putin had him killed.
Who’s James Keegstra?
History teacher in Alberta that taught that the Holocaust did not happen. He was charged with promoting hate speech.
Who’s Doug Ford?
Premier of Ontario. He’s a Conservative.
Who’s Marit Stiles?
Leader of the NDP party of Ontario.
Who’s Queen Elizabeth II?
Recently deceased Queen of England.
Who’s Alexis de Tocqueville? And what did he believe?
- Man who believed in equality and freedom.
- He believed the United States offered the most advanced example of equality in action. Yet, he also noticed the irony of the freedom-loving nation with the mistreatment of First Nations and black people there.
- A fault he saw in democracy was that the power was not in the hands of the people but the majority.
Who’s John Locke? And what did he believe?
- Philosopher
- Believed if a government goes against its constitution, the people have a right to revolt against the government.
- Believed the consent of the majority should be received as the act of the whole.
Who’s Thomas Hobbes?
English Philosopher who was greatly against Democracy.
Who’s Thomas Paine?
Man who believed the constitution must come before the government and believed the constitution is a thing made by the people to control its government.
Who’s Jeremy Bentham?
Man who believed the constitution only served the purpose of the moment.
Who’s Montesquieu? And what did he believe in terms of government?
One of the most influential Political Philosophers. He believed the government should be separated into different parts to prevent one person from having all the power. This shaped the modern democratic government.
Who do “Two Michaels” refer to?
2 spies both called Michaels, who were both sent to jail without trial.
Who’s King Charles III?
The current king of England
Who’s Henry David Thoreau? And what did he preach?
Man who preached civil disobedience. He was very against slavery.
Who’s Martin Luther King jr? And what did he believe?
Man who was against the terrible treatment of black people in America. Believed that when you disobey an unjust law, you must do it openly and cheerfully.
Who’s Viola Desmond? And what did she do?
Woman who imprisoned because she refused to move from her seat in the “whites-only” section in the theatre.
Who’s Dietrich Bonhoeffer? And what did he do?
German paster who was against Nazism. He planned an assassination against Hitler.
Who’s John P. Humphrey? And what did he do?
First director of the Human Rights Division in the UN. He wrote the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Who’s Bonnie Crombie?
Former Mayor of Mississauga.
Who’s Mary Simon?
Governor General of Canada.
What was is Magna Carta?
The Magna Carta was the first document in history to force a king to be under the law. It also made it so no man could be sent to jail without trial.
What is the Canadian Bill of Rights?
Canada’s first federal laws to protect human rights and freedoms.
What was the Constitution Act?
Made Canada an independent nation and made the constitution.
What is the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
Replaced the Bill of Rights. It protects the rights and freedom of everyone in Canada.
Democracy Vs. Autocracy
Democracy:
- Leader is voted in.
- Leader is under the law.
Autocracy:
- Leader uses force to keep power.
- Leader has all the power.
What is Civil Disobedience?
Refusal to obey governmental demands or commands, especially as a nonviolent and usually collective means of forcing the government to do a thing.
What is the United Nations?
International organization made to prevent future wars form happening.
What are the 7 Rules of Engagement?
- Embrace the Discomfort.
- Know the Issues.
- Listen to their Perspective.
- Get Clarity Where Needed.
- Seek Truth Rather Than Defending Their Position.
- Agree to Disagree.
- Remember Who the Real Enemy Is. (Satan)
What was the Meech Lake Accord?
Quebec wanted to be called a “distinct society,” but Canada said “no” because First Nations weren’t even being called a distinct society.
What are some First Nation issues?
Bad drinking water.
High artic resettlement.
Some other stuff, idk, it should be easy enough.
