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Micro Exam 1 > Exam Review > Flashcards

Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

two preconception theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis

A

All new species originate from preexisting species.
Closely related organisms have similar features bc they evolved from a common ancestor.

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2
Q

germ theory

A

Certain diseases are caused by invasion of body by microorganisms. Important in understanding and preventing diseases.

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3
Q

identifying characteristics for binomial nomenclature

A

physical characteristics, biochemical tests, serological tests, phage typic, and analysis of nucleic acids.

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4
Q

binomial nomenclature format

A

generic (genus) name, followed by species name. Generic is capitalized, species is lowercase, both are italicized

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5
Q

kingdoms

A

prokaryotae, Protista, fungae, plantae, animalia.

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6
Q

what are kingdoms based on

A

morphology, metabolism, and molecular techniques

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7
Q

domains

A

eukaryotic, bacteria, archaea

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8
Q

what are domains based on

A

cells determined by rRNA

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9
Q

normal flora vs microbiome

A

flora- organisms found in body
microbiome- organisms found in environment

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10
Q

bacteria

A

single celled
prokaryotic
peptidoglycan cell walls
gram + and gram -
binary fission

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11
Q

archaea

A

single celled
prokaryotic
lack peptidoglycan
live in extreme environments

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12
Q

fungi

A

multicellular
eukaryotic
obtain food from other organisms
cell wall
composed of molds and yeasts

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13
Q

protozoa

A

single celled
eukaryotic
live in water
asexual mostly

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14
Q

algae

A

ingle celled
photosynthetic

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15
Q

viruses

A

not alive
DNA or RNA wrapped in protein and sometimes lipid membrane
depend on infected cells to multiply

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16
Q

are prions alive

A

no

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17
Q

taxonomy

A

classifying living things

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18
Q

binomial nomenclature

A

naming microorganisms

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19
Q

methods for identification and classifying microorganisms

A

morphology, staining

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20
Q

endosymbiotic theory

A

eukaryotes formed from smaller aerobic prokaryotes with larger anaerobic prokaryotes
smaller prokaryotes became parasites
parasites couldn’t survive alone
larger cell dependent on parasites
aerobic prokaryotes evolved into mitochondria

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21
Q

Redi

A

decaying meat

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22
Q

Pasteur

A

swan neck flask tilted caused dust to seep into flask making it cloudy with microbes
germ theory
fermentation

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23
Q

Koch

A

staining tech

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24
Q

Jenner

A

vaccine, immunology

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25
Q

Ehrlich

A

chemotherapy

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26
Q

Snow

A

infection control

27
Q

Linnaeus

A

taxonomy

28
Q

Whittaker

A

5 kingdoms

29
Q

Woese

A

taxonomy of domains

30
Q

Fox

A

paired with Woese taxonomy of domains

31
Q

eukaryotes

A

membrane surrounding their DNA
nucleus.
internal organelles
Large in diameter
Complex structure

32
Q

what are eukaryotes composed of

A

algae, fungi, animals, and plants

33
Q

prokaryotes

A

No membrane surrounding DNA
No nucleus
Lack internal structures
Small in diameter
Simple structure

34
Q

what are prokaryotes composed of

A

bacteria and archaea

35
Q

capsule

A

repeating units of organic chemicals, polysaccharides or polypeptides. Attached to cell surface.
Protects cells from drying out and may prevent bacteria from being recognized and destroyed by host.
Osmotic barrier.

36
Q

cell wall fungal composition

A

cellulose and chitin

37
Q

cell wall plant composition

A

cellulose

38
Q

cell wall algal composition

A

cellulose, silicon, calcium carbonate

39
Q

flagella

A

Originate in plasma membrane.
Rotate like propeller.
Responsible for movement, runs and tumbles with stimulus

40
Q

arrangements of flagella

A

monotrichous, lophotrichous, amphitrichous, and peritrichous

41
Q

cilia

A

shorter and more numerous than flagella
more rapid than flagella

42
Q

functions of plasma membrane

A

regulate nutrients, water, and waste.
Site of prokaryotic respiration and prokaryotic flagella attachment. Distribution of genetic material during binary fission.

43
Q

pili

A

mediate transfer of DNA from cell to cell
rod like
longer than fimbriae shorter than flagella
1-2 per cell

44
Q

chromosomes

A

composed of DNA and proteins
carry genetic information

45
Q

mitochondria

A

where respiration occurs
produces ATP

46
Q

nuclear membrane

A

separates chromosomes from cytoplasm

47
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

SER- lipid synthesis
RER- transports proteins produced by ribosomes

48
Q

endospores

A

permeability barrier against damaging chemicals

49
Q

chromatophores

A

adjust body coloration to its surroundings

50
Q

chloroplasts

A

light-harvesting.
Have phospholipid bilayer, DNA, and ribosomes.

51
Q

Golgi complex

A

packages molecules in vesicles that fuse with cytoplasmic membrane

52
Q

axial filaments

A

Originate in cell membrane and transverses length of cell in periplasmic space.
Associated with spirochetes.
aka endoflagella

53
Q

ribosomes

A

site of protein synthesis. Composed of two RNA protein complexes.

54
Q

lysosomes

A

store and transfer chemicals within cells.
Contain catabolic enzymes.

55
Q

cytoplasm

A

support organelles and cellular molecules.
Many processes occur here.

56
Q

cytoplasmic inclusions

A

foreign substances contained within a cell membrane.

57
Q

fimbriae

A

rod like
used by bacteria to adhere to one another/to hosts/to substances in environment

58
Q

glycocalyx

A

gelatinous/sticky.
Surrounds outside of cell.
Composed of polysaccharides and or polypeptides.

59
Q

slime layer

A

protection and attachemnt
loosely attached

60
Q

coccus

A

spherical
can be + or -

61
Q

bacilli

A

rods
Can be + or -

62
Q

spirilli

A

spirals
Only -

63
Q

gram positive

A

thick peptidoglycan cell wall.
Purple.

64
Q

gram negative

A

thin peptidoglycan cell wall.
Red or pink.

Micro Exam 1 (3 decks)

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