Exam Review Flashcards
6 imperatives
self awareness imperative demographic imperative economic imperative environmental imperative technology imperative peace imperative ethical imperative
The Self-awawerness Imperative
this imperative involves increasing understanding of our own location in larger social, political, and historical contexts.
The Demographic imperative
This imperative includes the changing domestic and international migration - raising questions of class and religious diversity.
The Economic Imperative
this imperative highlights issues of Globalization and the challenges for increased cultural understanding needed to reach the global market
the Environmental Imperative
this imperative encourages us to consider how changes in climate and ecology results in increasing intercultural contact and sometimes conflict.
The Technology Imperative
this imperative gives us increasing information and increased contact with people who are similar and different from us. increased use of this imperative also raises questions about identity and access to this imperative.
The Peace Imperative
This imperative involves woorking through issues of colonialism, economic disparities, and racial, ethnic, and religious differences
The Ethical Imperative
This imperative calls for understanding of the unviersalist, relativist, and dialogic approach to ethical issues.
Dialectics
A method of logic based on the principle that an idea generates its opposite, leading to reconciliation of the opposites.
6 Dialectics
Cultural-Individual Personal-Contextual Differances-Similarities Static-Dynamic History/Past-Present/Future
Cultural-Individual Dialectics
Cultural Communication: is cultural means we share communication patteners with members of the groups to which we belong.
Individual: a persons communication style is specific to a person.
Personal-Contextual Dialectic
this dialectic involves the role of context in interculral relationships and focuses simultaneously on the person and the context.
Differences-Simalarities Dialectic
Intercultural communication is characterized by both similarities and differences, in that people are simultaneously similair to and different from.
Static-Dynamic Dialectic
Some cultural and communication patterners remain relatively constant, whereas other aspect cultures (or persoanl traits of individuals) shift over time.
History/Past-Present/Future Dialectic
This dialectic emphasizes the need to focus simultaneously on the past and the present in understanding intercultural communication. on the one hand, we to be aware of comtemporary forces abd realities that shape the interactions of people from different cultural groups. also need to understand that history has a significant impact on contemporary events.
Proxemics
the study if how people use various types of space in their everyday lives: fixed feature space, semfixed space, and informal space. This can either impede or facilitate effective communication across cultures.
Culture Behaviour
Learned patterners of _____ and attitudes shared by a group of people
Universal behaviour
underlying assumptions about nature of reality and human behaviour
Personal Behavior
Behavior that specific to you
Context
the situation in which the communication occures; it is multi-layered with social, political, and historical overtones.
High/Indirect Context
Cultures: homogenous and collectivist
Goals: maintianing harmony and saving face
Low/Direct Culture
Cultures: heterogenous and individualist
Goals: getting and/or giving information
Dynamic
not always one way. constant change, activity or progress
Static
Lacking in change, action, especially in a way viewed as undersirable ot uninteresting.
Main point of the Sneetches Film
The main point of the sneetches film as that we should treat everyone equal no matter what they look like. Or shouldnt judge/treat someone based on looks.
Assimilation
A type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or hers own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity.
Accommodation
Is the view that individuals adjust their verbal communication to facilitate understanding. Individuals accomodate their speech and nonverbal behaviour to others during an interaction.
Separation
Retaining original culture by having minimum contact with others outside of the culture.
Integration
Maintaining culture while having daily interections with others outside of that culture
Discrimination
behaviours resulting from stereotypes and prejudice based on gender, race, or identities.
Prejudice
negative attitudes or feelings about a group.
Stereotyping
widely held beliefs about a people group. we tend to see what we already believe.
Confirmation Bias
we tend to see what we already believe.
Labels
terms or norms describing central concepts or beliefs that define us.
Political histories
written histories thta focus on politcal events
Intellectual Histories
focuses on develpment of ideas
social histories
Focuses on everyday life experiences of various groups in the past.
The Grand Narrative
a unified history and view of humankind. Refers to the overarching, all encompassing story of a nation of humankind in general.
Push and Pull Factors
Push — unemplayment, war/conflict, famine, trafficking
Pull — job offer, family unification, land available
types of conflict
Affective conflict: emotions Conflict of Interest: preferences Value conflict: ideologies Cognitive conflict: logic Goal conflict: outcome