Exam Questions Multiple choice Flashcards
1
Q
- What is organic chemistry primarily concerned with?
a) Study of minerals and metals
b) Study of carbon-containing compounds
c) Study of ionic compounds
d) Study of nuclear reactions
A
b) Study of carbon-containing compounds
2
Q
- Organic molecules are primarily composed of which elements?
a) C, H, O, N
b) C, H, He, Li
c) Si, H, O, N
d) Fe, C, H, O
A
a) C, H, O, N
3
Q
- Which property of carbon allows it to form long chains?
a) High electronegativity
b) Tendency to form ionic bonds
c) Catenation
d) High reactivity
A
c) Catenation
4
Q
- What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in ethene (C₂H₄)?
a) sp
b) sp²
c) sp³
d) sp³d
A
b) sp²
5
Q
- Which type of bond is stronger?
a) Sigma (σ) bond
b) Pi (π) bond
c) Hydrogen bond
d) London dispersion force
A
a) Sigma (σ) bond
6
Q
- How many sigma (σ) and pi (π) bonds are in ethyne (C₂H₂)?
a) 1 σ and 2 π bonds
b) 2 σ and 2 π bonds
c) 3 σ and 1 π bonds
d) 1 σ and 1 π bond
A
a) 1 σ and 2 π bonds
7
Q
- A carbon bonded to three hydrogens is classified as:
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
A
a) Primary
8
Q
- Which functional group is most likely to increase water solubility?
a) Hydroxyl (-OH)
b) Carbonyl (-C=O)
c) Alkyl (-CH₃)
d) Ether (-O-)
A
a) Hydroxyl (-OH)
9
Q
- How does increasing hydrocarbon chain length affect solubility in water?
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) No effect
d) Becomes ionic
A
b) Decreases
10
Q
- Adding more hydrocarbons to a molecule typically:
a) Increases boiling point
b) Decreases boiling point
c) Increases polarity
d) Decreases molecular weight
A
a) Increases boiling point
10
Q
- Which functional group is likely to show hydrogen bonding?
a) Alkene
b) Aldehyde
c) Alcohol
d) Ether
A
c) Alcohol
11
Q
- Why do alcohols have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons?
a) Greater molecular weight
b) Hydrogen bonding
c) Ionic bonding
d) London dispersion forces
A
b) Hydrogen bonding
12
Q
- What type of bond characterizes the benzene ring?
a) Alternating single and double bonds
b) Delocalized π electrons
c) Triple bonds
d) Purely covalent bonds
A
b) Delocalized π electrons
13
Q
- What is the molecular formula of benzene?
a) C₅H₆
b) C₆H₆
c) C₆H₁₂
d) C₇H₈
A
b) C₆H₆
14
Q
- Which functional group is represented by -COOH?
a) Ketone
b) Aldehyde
c) Carboxylic acid
d) Ester
A
c) Carboxylic acid
15
Q
- What is the functional group in an alcohol?
a) -CHO
b) -COOH
c) -OH
d) -O-
A
c) -OH
16
Q
- What is the functional group in ethers?
a) R-OH
b) R-CO-R
c) R-O-R’
d) R-CHO
A
c) R-O-R’
17
Q
- What is the dominant intermolecular force in ketones?
a) Hydrogen bonding
b) Dipole-dipole interactions
c) London dispersion forces
d) Ionic bonding
A
b) Dipole-dipole interactions
18
Q
- Alcohols experience which type of intermolecular force?
a) London dispersion
b) Dipole-dipole
c) Hydrogen bonding
d) Covalent bonding
A
c) Hydrogen bonding
19
Q
- Which of these is a geometric isomer?
a) Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene
b) Ethanol and dimethyl ether
c) Propane and butane
d) Glucose and fructose
A
a) Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene
20
Q
- Optical isomers differ in:
a) Molecular formula
b) Connectivity of atoms
c) Spatial arrangement around a chiral center
d) Functional groups present
A
c) Spatial arrangement around a chiral center
21
Q
- Which glycosidic linkage is found in maltose?
a) α-(1→4)
b) β-(1→4)
c) α-(1→6)
d) β-(1→6)
A
a) α-(1→4)
21
Q
- What test is used to detect reducing sugars?
a) Tollen’s test
b) Benedict’s test
c) Fehling’s test
d) All of the above
A
d) All of the above
22
Q
- Which level of protein structure involves α-helices and β-sheets?
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
A
b) Secondary
23
Q
- Which environmental factor can denature proteins?
a) High temperature
b) Low pH
c) High pH
d) All of the above
A
d) All of the above
24
Q
- What is the main function of Fe²⁺ in heme?
a) Catalysis
b) Oxygen binding
c) Electron transport
d) DNA synthesis
A
b) Oxygen binding
25
Q
- Which is not a category of lipids?
a) Triacylglycerols
b) Phospholipids
c) Steroids
d) Glycoproteins
A
d) Glycoproteins
26
Q
- What is the result of hydrolyzing a triacylglycerol?
a) Glycerol and fatty acids
b) Alcohol and carboxylic acids
c) Esters and water
d) Ketones and alcohols
A
a) Glycerol and fatty acids
27
Q
- Which pair of molecules are functional isomers?
a) Ethanol and dimethyl ether
b) Glucose and galactose
c) Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene
d) Propane and butane
A
a) Ethanol and dimethyl ether
28
Q
- What distinguishes positional isomers?
a) Different molecular formulas
b) Different connectivity of atoms
c) Functional groups in different positions
d) Mirror-image arrangements
A
c) Functional groups in different positions
29
Q
- What is the functional group in a ketone?
a) -COH
b) -COOH
c) -CO-
d) -CH₃
A
c) -CO-
30
Q
- Which functional group is found in amines?
a) -OH
b) -NH₂
c) -CHO
d) -COOR
A
b) -NH₂
31
Q
- Which functional group contains a carbon atom double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to hydrogen?
a) Ketone
b) Aldehyde
c) Ester
d) Ether
A
b) Aldehyde
32
Q
- What is the general formula for an ester?
a) R-COOH
b) R-COOR’
c) R-OH
d) R-NH₂
A
b) R-COOR’
33
Q
- Which type of hydrocarbon is most soluble in water?
a) Alkanes
b) Alkenes
c) Aromatic hydrocarbons
d) None of the above
A
d) None of the above
34
Q
- Which molecule is more soluble in water?
a) Methanol
b) Pentanol
c) Hexane
d) Benzene
A
a) Methanol
35
Q
- Which compound has the highest boiling point?
a) Ethanol
b) Propane
c) Butane
d) Methane
A
a) Ethanol
36
Q
- Why does adding a hydrocarbon chain increase boiling points?
a) Increased molecular weight
b) Increased hydrogen bonding
c) Increased ionic interactions
d) Decreased polarity
A
a) Increased molecular weight
37
Q
- Which property explains the stability of benzene?
a) Resonance stabilization
b) High bond energy
c) Lack of reactivity
d) Strong π-bonds only
A
a) Resonance stabilization
38
Q
- How many π-electrons are delocalized in a benzene ring?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
A
c) 6
39
Q
- Which intermolecular force is the weakest?
a) London dispersion forces
b) Dipole-dipole interactions
c) Hydrogen bonding
d) Ionic bonding
A
a) London dispersion forces
40
Q
- What is the strongest intermolecular force present in amines?
a) London dispersion
b) Dipole-dipole interactions
c) Hydrogen bonding
d) Covalent bonding
A
c) Hydrogen bonding
41
Q
- Which monosaccharide is a reducing sugar?
a) Sucrose
b) Glucose
c) Mannitol
d) Cellulose
A
b) Glucose
42
Q
- What is the glycosidic linkage in lactose?
a) α-(1→4)
b) β-(1→4)
c) α-(1→6)
d) β-(1→6)
A
b) β-(1→4)
43
Q
- The primary structure of a protein is determined by:
a) Sequence of amino acids
b) Hydrogen bonding
c) Hydrophobic interactions
d) Ionic interactions
A
a) Sequence of amino acids
44
Q
- Which bond is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?
a) Covalent bonds
b) Hydrogen bonds
c) Ionic bonds
d) Disulfide bonds
A
b) Hydrogen bonds
45
Q
- Which level of protein structure involves multiple polypeptide chains?
a) Primary
b) Secondary
c) Tertiary
d) Quaternary
A
d) Quaternary
46
Q
- Phospholipids are major components of:
a) Hormones
b) Cell membranes
c) Energy storage molecules
d) Enzymes
A
b) Cell membranes
47
Q
- Which of the following is a saturated fatty acid?
a) Palmitic acid
b) Oleic acid
c) Linoleic acid
d) Arachidonic acid
A
a) Palmitic acid
48
Q
- A triglyceride is composed of:
a) Three glycerols and one fatty acid
b) One glycerol and three fatty acids
c) Two glycerols and two fatty acids
d) One fatty acid and one glycerol
A
b) One glycerol and three fatty acids
49
Q
- What is organic chemistry primarily concerned with?
a) Study of minerals and metals
b) Study of carbon-containing compounds
c) Study of ionic compounds
d) Study of nuclear reactions
A
b) Study of carbon-containing compounds
50
Q
- Which property of carbon allows it to form long chains and rings?
a) High electronegativity
b) Tendency to form ionic bonds
c) Ability to catenate (self-bond)
d) Low melting point
A
c) Ability to catenate (self-bond)
51
Q
- What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in methane (CH₄)?
a) sp
b) sp²
c) sp³
d) sp³d
A
c) sp³
52
Q
- Which functional group is most likely to increase water solubility?
a) Hydroxyl (-OH)
b) Alkyl (-CH₃)
c) Methyl (-CH₃)
d) Carbonyl (-C=O)
A
a) Hydroxyl (-OH)
53
Q
- Which of the following is a tertiary carbon?
a) A carbon bonded to one other carbon
b) A carbon bonded to two other carbons
c) A carbon bonded to three other carbons
d) A carbon bonded to four other carbons
A
c) A carbon bonded to three other carbons
54
Q
- What type of bonds are found in a benzene ring?
a) Alternating single and double bonds
b) Only double bonds
c) Only single bonds
d) A delocalized π-electron system
A
d) A delocalized π-electron system
55
Q
- Which of the following is an example of a geometric isomer?
a) Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene
b) Glucose and fructose
c) Ethanol and dimethyl ether
d) Propane and butane
A
a) Cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene
56
Q
- What type of intermolecular force is most significant between alcohol molecules?
a) London dispersion forces
b) Dipole-dipole interactions
c) Hydrogen bonding
d) Ionic bonding
A
c) Hydrogen bonding
57
Q
- Which functional group is nonpolar?
a) Hydroxyl (-OH)
b) Carbonyl (-C=O)
c) Alkyl (-CH₃)
d) Amine (-NH₂)
A
c) Alkyl (-CH₃)
58
Q
- How does the addition of hydrocarbon chains affect the boiling point of a molecule?
a) Increases due to stronger London dispersion forces
b) Decreases due to weaker intermolecular forces
c) Stays the same regardless of chain length
d) Decreases due to increased solubility
A
a) Increases due to stronger London dispersion forces
59
Q
- Which monosaccharide has the Fischer projection with all hydroxyl groups on the right side?
a) D-glucose
b) L-glucose
c) D-galactose
d) D-fructose
A
a) D-glucose
