EXAM QUESTIONS Estonians Flashcards
intuboinnin riski
a. necrosis
b. aspiration pneumonia
a. necrosis
b. aspiration pneumonia
went extubate horse( also dog)
when start swallowing or coughing
when extubate cat
palpebral reflex
epiduralanaesthesia vasta-aiheet
a. hyytymishäiriö-coagulatopathy
b. infection above the injection site (hot spot)
c. high intracranial noice
d. lihavuus
a-c
capnograps picture rebreathing place, why does it occur ?
-image 1: normal. line up is exhaling and line down is inhaling
-image 1 (below): hyperventilation. CO content decreases.
-image 2: Hypoventilation- CO level rising
-image 3: tube is leaking
-image 4: tube in esophagus, CO, not there
re-breathing: 3 reasons:
a. (if options)= absence of unidirectional flow valve (tube out not working), failure
- exhausted CO2 absorbent
- absence of unidirectional flow valve (tube out not working), failure
- huge dead space > no gaseous exchange
guinea pig fast before anesthesia?
15-30min
calf fasting before anesthesia
a. calf 12h
b. (cow 24h)
'’Kitty Magic’’ protocol consist of following drugs :
a. ketamine, butorphanol, dexmedetomidin
the advantage of a non-recirculating flow breathing system
a. the animal breathes exactly what the machine emits
b. fast mask induction time
c. less resistance to breathing
d. simple cheap durable
e. easy to disassemble and disinfect
a, b, c
what liquid do you use if you have problem with your liver?
a. NaCl, because Ri-Lac can be heavy for the liver, because lactate is metabolised in the liver.
(Ri-Lac not allowed)
what is good pain reliever for pigs
a. meloxicam,
b. keroprofeen,
c. diclofenac
do you use subcutaneous fluid therapy if you have patient with minimal fluid loss?
right or wrong
right
EtCO2 reference range
35-45mmHg
which inhalation anesthetic can cause malignant hyperthermia
a. isoflurane
risk factors of brachiocephalic dog’s anesthesia?
a. increased vagal tone
(+resp. difficulties)
what opioid has most long lasting effect?
a. Buprenorphine 6-8 h
b. butorphanol 1-1,5
c. metadone etc. 4-6h (ca 4h, fe 6h)
a. Buprenorphine
isoflurane creates good muscle relaxation, analgesia and can cause hypotermia and respiratory depression
>right or wrong
wrong > no analgesia
which of these is wrong about ketamine..
a. muscle spasm / muscle relaxation
main modulator/regulator of blood pressure
a. bloodvessel diameter
what is best substance for induction of anesthesia for horses
diazepam and ketamine
obligate nasal breathers
horse, rabbit
when should residual anesthetic gas removal system is replaced?
if it exceeds critical (max) mass (ex. limit can be 1000g)
what to do when piglet has malignant hyperemia?
Change cold packs, IV fluids
in what ASA category does patient with anemia and chronic kidney disease belong to?
ASA 3
when/ in what kind of situation should you postpone horse anesthesia?
a. Fever
b. Respiratory disease
c. Arrhythmia → but murmurs are okay
d. Anemic
e. Diarrhea
f. Cachectic
g. Neuro problems
h. Pregnant
a. fever
b. respiratory disease
d. anemic
f. cachectic
h. pregnant
a. bad weather, anemia, fever, runny nose, respiratory disease, pregnancy
local anesthesia- three statements - what is correct, what is wrong
all were CORRECT
which of the statements about rabbit is/are wrong?
something about rodents are small so amounts of anesthetics are smaller?
(b)
methadone- what is wrong , what is right?
KATSO TÄMÄ ELI OPISKELE METHADONE
can be used in case of hypotension
ketamine
what is unit for free oxygen
PaO2
what is antidote for misadolam
Flumazenil
Driving force of hemoglobin saturation with oxygen is hemoglobin content of arterial blood
> wrong
- machine is interested in how much hemoglobin is related to O2
flow rates of circulating flow system
a. 100ml/kg/ min; 5-10min time..
10-100 ml/kg/min
> non-rebreathing: 100-200 ml/kg/min
> rebreathing: low flow 10-20 ml/kg/min O2 flow rate - medium flow: 20-40 ml/kg/min - high flow: greater than 40 ml/kg/min
effect of bupivacaine starts after 5-10 min and lasts up to 8 hours
-WRONG
> onset, 5-20 min, duration 2-5h
pulse oximetry shows following picture, why?
a. Low perfusion,
b. anemia,
c. intestine lights (mess with sensor) or
d. vasoconstriction
a. low perfusion > amount of blood flow to the peripheral tissues is reduced. This can lead to a weak signal on the pulse oximeter, which manifests as a relatively flat line with minimal pulsatility.
which disappears first when administrating local anesthesia?
sensation of pain and temperature
in what position ruminants normally operated
standing
toxic dose of lidocaine for small ruminants
10 mg/kg
how to most accurately assess how well horse is ventilated in general anesthesia?
by blood gas analysis from arterial blood
(capnography)
what you don’t need for intubation of horse
laryngoscope
what is good premedication combo for adult horse
detomidine and butorfanol
why you shouldnt administrate acepromazine to hypovolemic and hypotension horse?
acepromazine dilates blood vessels
induction boxes- pros for user
-safe for user
-minimal fixation > less stress to animal
medicine that doesnt increase heart muscle inotropic effect
-propofol
-midasolam
medicine that you should avoid in dog with liver disease
-ketamine
-medetomidine
-meloxicam
what kind of medicine doesn’t cause hypotension?
fentanyl
fluid therapy can be safely used as hypertension treatment for patients without…
any heart disease
what can cause bradycardia
Fentanyl administration and hypercapnia
usually, treatment of sinus tachycardia focuses on analgesia and increasing depth of anesthesia - right or wrong
right
which indicated that overpressure valve is closed or broken?
breathing bag is full and it is hard to breath out
which drug does not cause respiratory arrest after IV administration?
Buprenorfin
treatment (medicine) of premature ventricular extrasystoles?
lidocaine
in whom administration of normal dose of fluid (10 ml/kg/h) during anesthesia may cause overflow?
heart disease patients
BAIN breathing
250 ml/kg/min
(200-300 ml/kg/min)
(a)
ECG terminal attatchment points
-red : right foreleg
-yellow: left foreleg
-green: left hind leg
3 causes for increase of CO2 partial pressure
-hypoventilation
-hypothermia
-opioids
(a)
if PaCO2 is high, it means
respiratory acidosis
(a)
ASA blood sample from cat : what do you especially want to know
-total protein
-hematocrit
-creatinin
(a)
how many hours animal (I assume adult cat or dog) should be without eating and drinking before anesthesia
6-8 h without eating, 2-4 hours without drinking
(a)
effect of local anesthetics
they block Na-channels > depolarization doesn’t happen etc
(a)
