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Chemistry C-3 > Exam Questions > Flashcards

Exam Questions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is water filters that removes hardness from water?

A

Ion exchange resin

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2
Q

Suggests why water filters used in homes contain particles of silver

A

Prevent growth of microbes

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3
Q

Why is distillation not usually an economic method to treat water for drinking?

A

High cost of energy

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4
Q

State one health benefit of hard water

A

Helps to develop

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5
Q

What evidence did Mendeleev use to decide that the alkali metals should be in the same group?

A

Similar properties

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6
Q

Describe how the elements in the modern periodic table are arranged:
In termed of protons

A

In order of atomic number

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7
Q

Describe how the elements in the modern periodic table are arranged:
In termed of electrons

A

Electrons in same group have same number of electrons in outer shell

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8
Q

State two properties of transition elements that make them more useful than alkali metals for making water pipes

A

Harder

Less reactive

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9
Q

Describe and explain the trend in activity of alkali metals

A

Reactivity increase down the group
Outer electron is further from the nucleus
Less attraction between outer electrons and nucleus
Therefore outer electron lost more easily

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10
Q

Give the name of a carbonate in scale

A

Calcium

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11
Q

Ethanoic acid is CH3COOH. What does this look like?

A 
H    O
      l     ll
 H-C - C
      l     l
     H    O-H
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12
Q

Explain why hydrochloric acid reacts faster than ethanoic acid

A

Because hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid

Which ionises more

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13
Q

Hydrochloric acid should jo the used to dissolve scale in kettles, why?

A

Corrasion

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14
Q

Why is a pressure lower than 200 atmospheres not used in the Harber process?

A

Lower yield

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15
Q

Explain how ammonia is separated from unreacted nitrogen and hydrogen in the Haber process

A

Gases cooled

Ammonia liquified

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16
Q

What type of energy is release by hydrogen cells?

A

Electrical

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17
Q 
What colour is produced in fireworks when the chemical ... is used?
Barium chloride
Lithium carbonate
Sodium nitrate
Calcium sulphate
A

Barium chloride - green
Lithium carbonate - crimson
Sodium nitrate - yellow
Calcium sulphate - red

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18
Q

Describe the test to show that barium chloride coalition contains chloride ions

A

Add silver nitrate

White precipitate

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19
Q

What does …. indicate?
Blue pracipitate
White precipitate
Green precipitate

A

Blue precipitate - Copper ions
White precipitate - sulphate ions
Green precipitate - iron (II)

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20
Q

When lithium reacts with water:

What gas is produced?

A

Hydrogen

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21
Q

When lithium reacts with water:

Which ions cause the solution to be alkaline

A

Hydroxide

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22
Q

What are hue he differences you see between the reactions of potassium and lithium in water?

A

Reacts faster

Fizzes faster

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23
Q 
What is the chemical name of this alcohol?
     H    H
      l      l
 H-C - C - OH
      l     l
     H   H
A

Ethanol

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24
Q

The ethanoic acid is produced from the reactions between ethanol and … This type of reaction is ….

A

Oxygen

Oxidation

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25
Q

H O H H H
l ll l l l
H-C - C - O - C - C - C - H
l l l l
H H H H
What functional group for this series on the display structure of propyl ethanoate?

A

O
ll
- C - O -

26
Q

H O H H H
l ll l l l
H-C - C - O - C - C - C - H
l l l l
H H H H
Name the series of organic compounds with this functional group

A

Esters

27
Q

The alcohol used to make propyl ethanoate has the formula CH3CH2CH2OH
Name this alcohol

A

Propanol

28
Q

Describe how an ion exchange softens water

A

Calcium ions in water
Replaced by
Sodium ions in resin

29
Q

An ion exchange is used for a few weeks

Sodium chloride solution now needs to be passed through the ion exchange colum, why?

A

To replenish sodium ions

30
Q

Pros and cons for water companies adding chlorine to sterilise water

A

For: prevents disease

Cons: poisons

31
Q

A test for sodium ions and potassium ions, and results?

A

Place in a simple flame
Sodium - yellow flame
Potassium - lilac flame

32
Q

It is difficult to identify potassium ions when ions are present, why?

A

Difficult to see 2 colours

33
Q

Describe how the student would test a solution of the low sodium salt for chloride ions

A

Acidify with nitric acid
Add silver nitrate solution
White precipate

34
Q

Describe how the student could confirm that the low sodium salt contains magnesium ions and not aluminium ions

A

Add excess sodium hydroxide

Aluminium ions dissolve

35
Q

Describe how the student could confirm that the low sodium salt does not contain calcium ions

A

Place in a simple flame

Flame don’t go red

36
Q

How does chlorine make water safe to drink?

A

Sterilises

37
Q

The amount of chlorine in swimming pool water should be carefully monitored and controlled, why?

A

Chlorine is toxic, so too much is dangerous as it causes breathing difficulties, but too little will not kill bacteria

38
Q

Developing countries are likely to choose as their method of making water safe to drink, why?

A

Cheap
Easy
Quick to use

39
Q

Why should people from all political parties be presented when a government is setting up an enquiry into the safety of using chlorine?

A

Fair

40
Q

Why is tho pinioned if a well respected scientist might the outcome of any discussion when a government is setting up an enquiry into the safety of using chlorine?

A

More Lilly to have support

41
Q

In terms of ionisation, what is meant by the word strong?

A

Fully ionised

42
Q

You are given solutions of sodium hydroxide and ammonia of the same concentration. Describe and give the result of a test to show that sodium hydroxide is a stronger alkali than ammonia solution

A

Full range indicator

NaOH has a higher pH

43
Q

Describe the test for sodium ions

A

Test: nitrate chloride
Result: white ppt

44
Q

Describe how sodium hydroxide can show alumnus ions

A

White ppt

Ppt dissolves in excess

45
Q

How did Mendeleev know that there must be undiscovered elements and how did he take this into account when he designed his periodic table?

A

Left gaps

If placed consecutively, then elements would be in wrong group

46
Q

Describe how the discovery of protons and electrons allowed chemists to place elements in their correct order and correct group

A

Elements placed in atomic number order
Elements in same group have same number of outer electrons
Nos of protons - nos of electrons

47
Q

Transition elements have similar properties, explain why in terms if electronic structure

A

Transition elements usually have same nos of outer shell electrons

48
Q

There are no transition elements between the Group 2 elements magnesium and the Group 3 element aluminium, why?

A

2nd she’ll can only have max. 8 electrons

49
Q

What is meant be activation energy?

A

Minimum amount of energy needed to start of the reaction

50
Q

Explain, in terms of Brønsted and Lowry’s idea, why amino ethanoic acid behaves as:
An acid when it reacts with sodium hydroxide

A

As an acids it has lost a proton

This proton is a H+

51
Q

Explain, in terms of Brønsted and Lowry’s idea, why amino ethanoic acid behaves as:
A base when it reacts with hydrochloric acid

A

As a base it has gained a proton

52
Q

Name an indicator used for weak acid-strong alkali titrations

A

Phenolphthalein

53
Q

Describe one method that people can use at home to improve the taste and quality of the tap water supplied

A

Use of water ion exchange
Contains silver resins
Silver kills microorganisms ion exchange removes hardness

54
Q

Test for carbonate ions

A

Hydrochloric acid

Carbon dioxide

55
Q

Suggest why it is difficult to identify both potassium and sodium ions in Low Sodium Salt using a flame test

A

Flame colour of Na and flame of k mix with each other

56
Q

In an energy level diagram which is endo and which is exo?

A

Endo start low ends high

Exo starts high ends low

57
Q

Describe the process involved in the water cycle

A

Evaporation
By the sun
Condensation

58
Q

Name an ion that cause water to be hard

A

Calcium ion

59
Q

Describe how the ions which make water hard get into the water

A

Contact with rocks

In so dissolved

60
Q

How does sodium carbonate makes hard water?

A

Ions replaced and forms precipitate

61
Q

What are the two main steps used to treat water from reservoirs?

A

Filter-to remove insoluble particles

Add chlorine-to reduce the number of microbes

Chemistry C-3 (7 decks)

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