Exam Questions 2.1 Cell ultrastructure

Question 1

what do onion root cells contain out of: chloroplasts, mitochondria, 70S ribosomes, pili, cellulose cell wall

Answer 1

contain: mitochondria, cellulose cell walls
do not contain: 70S ribosomes, chloroplasts, pili

Question 2

what are white blood cells function?

Answer 2

immune response

Question 3

how can drawings be improved?

Answer 3

-title
-labels (straight, parallel lines)
-no shading/cross hatching
-magnification/scale

Question 4

role of membrane in RER?

Answer 4

ribosomes attach
hold ribosomes in place
compartmentalisation

Question 5

what are animal and plant cell means of cell division?

Answer 5

cytokinesis

Question 6

what are bacterium cell means of division?

Answer 6

binary fission

Question 7

why would early eukaryotes be able to grow quicker than cells that didn’t possess mitochondria?

Answer 7

-can respire aerobically
-produces more ATP
-ATP required for metabolic processes such as cell division
-more ATP results in faster metabolic reactions

Question 8

outline processes and organelles involved in translating proteins from RNA

Answer 8

-RNA transported out of nucleus
-transported to ribosome
-proteins synthesised in ribosome
-peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids

Question 9

how does the genetic code in the gene for tubulin code for the protein tubulin?

Answer 9

-3 bases code for one amino acid
-sequence of bases determines sequence of amino acids

Question 10

how is the cytoskeleton essential to protein synthesis and secretion?

Answer 10

-transports proteins to Golgi apparatus
-transports secretory vesicles from Golgi to cell surface membrane

Question 11

importance of cytoskeleton in the epithelial cells in the airway of the mammal

Answer 11

-goblet cells secrete mucus
-which trap pathogens
-ciliated epithelial cells waft mucus upwards
-cytoskeleton moves the cilia