Exam Questions

Question 1

What is a capsid in virology?

Answer 1

Protein shell that encloses vial genetic material

Question 2

A virus which destroys tumour cells in

Answer 2

Oncolytic

Question 3

Cell mediated immune response is mediated by which cell type?

Answer 3

T-cells

Question 4

Which isotope of antibody is the first to be produced in a primary immune response?

Answer 4

IgM

Question 5

C4bC2a and C3bBb complexes are known as?

Answer 5

C3 convertase

Question 6

what are the taxonomic groups included in the etological agent malaria?

Answer 6

apicomplxa

Question 7

Horizontal transmission of a virus is?

Answer 7

person to person

Question 8

What does T7SS stand for in microbiology?

Answer 8

Type V11 Secretion System

Question 9

What is the main function of T7SS?

Answer 9

transport protein substrate across the bacterial cell envelope

Question 10

Which class of antibodies crosses the placenta to give the newborn early protection in life?

Answer 10

IgG

Question 11

Peptides bind to MHC class I molecules in this cellular compartment

Answer 11

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Which class of antibody is the least prevalent in healthy individuals?

Answer 12

IgE

Question 13

The classical complement pathway is activated by?

Answer 13

antigen-antibody complexes

Question 14

Where do Tcells mature?

Answer 14

Thymus

Question 15

Which type of T cell is responsible for directly killing infected cells?

Answer 15

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 16

The different effector functions of antibodies are determined by their?

Answer 16

heavy chain constant regions

Question 17

Pathogen recognition patterns?

Answer 17

allow recognition wide variety of pathogen

Question 18

What are the characteristic features of T17 immune cells?

Answer 18

promote inflammation and recruit neutrophils

Question 19

HV resistance to anti viral drugs can be combatted using…

Answer 19

highly active ant-retroviral therapy (HAART)

Question 20

Coronaviruses and HIV-1 are both…

Answer 20

RNA viruses

Question 21

genes can be transferred from one bacteria to another bacteria by sexual process called..

Answer 21

conjugation

Question 22

If a single bacterium of strain of E.coli, with a generation time of 20 minutes is used to inoculate a sterile liquid culture, how many bacteria will be present in the culture after 4 hours (assuming the culture is maintained at 37 degrees Celsius)?

Answer 22

4096

Question 23

A 40 kilobase pair circular genetic element in a bacterium is likely to be a ————–?

Answer 23

plasmid

Question 24

In the human microbiome, Gram-positive species predominantly colonise our ______

Answer 24

skin

Question 25

Which of the following E. coli or plasmid genes are found in an operon?

Answer 25

oriC

Question 25

select the adhesin at the tip of the bacterial type I pili that binds the sugar mannose

Answer 25

FimH

Question 26

Which of the listed taxonomic groups includes the etiological agent of malaria?

Answer 26

Apicomplexa

Question 27

The HIV genome encodes ...

Answer 27

An RNA dependant DNA polymerase

Question 28

Viruses may enter cells by fusion from without or by receptor mediated endocytosis. Which statement best describes the second step in virus infection of a cell by fusion from without?

Answer 28

Virus envelope fuses with plasma membrane of cell

Question 29

Which virus from the list below is sexually transmitted?

Answer 29

Hepatitis B virus

Question 30

Which virus is transmitted by the zoonosis route?

Answer 30

Rabies Virus

Question 31

Which of the following bacteria causes Impetigo?

Answer 31

S.aureus

Question 32

Which of the following products have been made by modifying bacterial genomes using Synthetic biology? menthol, B12, amylase, cellulase, insulin or all of the answers

Answer 32

all of answers

Question 33

What is the term given to microorganisms that thrive at temperatures above 88 degrees Celcius?

Answer 33

hyperthermophile

Question 34

Select the best definition of viraemia

Answer 34

an increase in viral concentration in the blood

Question 35

Select the viral titration assay that reflects the viral particle biochemical reactivity but may not be directly proportional to viral infectivity

Answer 35

Haemagglutination assay

Question 36

Multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) is best defined as:

Answer 36

the number of infectious virus particles per cell when infecting

Question 37

Select the one virus from the list below that causes a severe respiratory disease and is associated with close contact with Palm Civets

Answer 37

SARS-CoV

Question 38

Which bacterial secretion system translocates its own receptor into the host cell membrane?

Answer 38

T3SS

Question 39

What is the resolution limit of an optical microscope (excluding super resolution modifications)?

Answer 39

200 nm

Question 40

An optical microscope relies on________________ as its illumination source.

Answer 40

visible light

Question 41

Which of the following is an endotoxin?

Answer 41

lipopolysaccharide

Question 42

Which of the following pairs of parasites possess both a mitochondria and an apicoplast?

Answer 42

Toxoplasma gondi and Plasmodium falciparum

Question 43

Which protein can be used to fluorescently label other proteins?

Answer 43

GFP

Question 44

Which subset of T cells help kill extracellular parasites?

Answer 44

TH2

Question 44

Which cells have MHC II on their surface?

Answer 44

macrophages

Question 45

The Escherichia coli pathogen that causes kidney infection is classed as:

Answer 45

uropathogenic

Question 46

What is the main cytokine released from a subset of T helper cells that activates macrophages

Answer 46

IFN-y

Question 47

Which receptor is part of the innate immune system and recognition of intracellular molecules

Answer 47

NOD-like

Question 48

Which of the following leucocytes are factors in allergy

Answer 48

mast cells