Exam Questions

Question 1

Habituation

Answer 1

Habituation occurs when the sensory stimulation is constant, and unchanging.

As a result our sensitivity to the simulation is reduced.

Question 2

3 actions that flight crew must carry out during flight when cabin pressure is lost and cannot be restored before the cabin altitude reaches a critical value

Answer 2

1) put on oxygen equipment
2) initiate immediate rapid descent to the minimum safe altitude or 10,000ft (whichever is higher)
3) declare and emergency, asking for QNH information

Question 3

Symptoms of hypoxia

Answer 3

Dizziness, tingling, impaired vision, rapid breathing, fatigue, cyanosis, slowed reactions

Question 4

Planning and anticipation is all about

Answer 4

the “what ifs”

Question 5

Mental stress

Answer 5

Interruption, discrimination, lack of information, competition pressure

Question 6

What is the recognized source in a commercial aircraft of a fume event?

Answer 6

Contaminants entering the bleed air supply, used in most commercial aircraft to supply cabin pressurization and air conditioning

Question 7

Hyperventilation causes a drop

Answer 7

In CO2 (alkalosis) and can lead to unconsciousness

Question 8

TEM 3 main categories

Answer 8

1) threat
2) errors
3) undesired states - aircraft handling, configuration and ground navigation

Question 9

What is the most important basis for a good safety culture?

Answer 9

A non-punitive reporting system

Question 10

“irony of automation”

Answer 10

It excludes some some aspects of flying needed in an emergency and that a pilot would like to be competent in

Question 11

One of the major goal in the design of human centered man-machine interface is to make it

Answer 11

Simple and also make it difficult for a human or automation to make an error

Question 12

Motivation

Answer 12

Motivation can be inferred from the direction and the intensity of a person’s behavior

Question 13

Name 4 actions cabin crew should take following a suspected CO poisoning in flight?

Answer 13

1) Turn the cabin heat off
2) select the maximum rate off fresh air ventilation to the cabin
3) Open the window if the environment allows
4) Land ASAP/ practicable and seek medical attention

Question 14

Circadian rhythm describes

Answer 14

The biological cycle controlled by a 24-hour internal clock in the brain that regulates behavioral and physiological changes

Question 15

What is the principal disadvantage of mental models

Answer 15

They are largely based upon previous experience (sometimes we can perceive what we want to perceive rather than what is actually there)

Question 16

What are the 4 major causes of incapacitation in flight

Answer 16

1) GI upset
2) stress
3) hypoxia
4) fatigue

Question 17

State the advantage to flight crew of landing and anticipation of future actions

Answer 17

Enables the crew to create a precise framework , activate knowledge as necessary for the period to come and avoid saturation of the cognitive system

Question 18

The response to unfavorable environmental conditions and how the body reacts to demands placed upon it is

Answer 18

Stress

Question 19

Chronic stress is associated with the

Answer 19

Resistance and exhaustion phases of the general adaption syndrome (GAS). It can lead to long-term psychological and physiological health problems.

Question 20

Positive stress

Answer 20

The perceived demand is equal to or less than the perceived ability

Question 21

Compared with day operations, what differences should a pilot adopt when seeking to identify a possible collision threat at night

Answer 21

Move the eyes in small arcs to induce a moving image on the retina for the rods to identify.

This is because, in low light conditions the cones become inactive and the rods take over. Rods cannot distinguish colour and inferior when distinguishing shape. Therefore, it can be easier to see illuminated items by looking away from them about 10 degrees, rather than looking straight at them.

Question 22

How many REM stages down we usually experience during a normal night’s sleep, and how frequently do they occur

Answer 22

4-5 REM, occur every 90-120 minutes

Question 23

What does error tolerance aim for?

Answer 23

Providing a margin so that any errors do not endanger the flight.

Question 24

True or false, groups are likely to make riskier decisions than individuals

Answer 24

True

Question 25

What is the main trigger for motion sickness

Answer 25

Anxiety

Question 26

Which forces affects the otoliths in the utriculus and sacculus?

Answer 26

The otholits are affected by gravity and linear acceleration

Question 27

Angular acclamations are sensed by

Answer 27

Semicircular canals

Question 28

A cross coupled response to a stimulation of the semicircular canals in two planes

Answer 28

Coriolis effect

Question 29

Illusory sensation of turning in which the individual or the surroundings appear to turn dizzily

Answer 29

Vertigo

Question 30

Lack of awareness of one’s position and motion relative to earth’s fixed space in general

Answer 30

Spatial disorientation

Question 31

What can you do to prevent the autokinetic phenomena

Answer 31

Look out for additional references inside and/or outside the cockpit using peripheral vision also.

Auto kinesics is most commonly caused by an isolated light in a dark background, e.g. bright star at night - the more you stare at it, the more it appears to be moving and it’s easy to convince yourself that it is another aircraft

Question 32

What is the purpose of SOPs

Answer 32

SOPs help crew to have a shared mental model, describing tasks and duties for normal and non-normal events, in order to help ensure safe operations

Question 33

The symptoms caused by gas bubbles under the skin following decompression are called

Answer 33

Creeps

Question 34

In high workload situations, visual effects

Answer 34

Can interrupt the flow of work