exam questions Flashcards
Explain the advantage for larger animals of having a specialised system that facilitates oxygen uptake.
Large(r) organisms have a small(er) surface area:volume (ratio)
have to overcome longer diffusion pathway
use knowledge of surface area to explain the higher metabolic rate of a mouse than a horse
smaller so large surface area to volume ratio
Faster heat loss compared to body size
faster rate of respiration and metabolism
describe relationship between size and surface area to volume ratio of organisms
as size increases ratioof surface area to volume decreases
explains why oxygen uptake is a measure of metabolic rate in organisms
oxygen used in respiration which provides energy (atp(
how oxygen reaches the cells inside tubes worm
simple diffusion
how tubex worm is adapted for efficient gas exchange
thin and small, so short diffusion pathways
flats and long so large surface area to volume
give pathway of red blood cell when travelling in human circulatory system from kidney to lung
renial vein
vena cavalier to right atrium
right ventricle to pulmonary artery
what is a vein
return blood to the heart
wider lumen
thinner wall
thin elastic layer
tough outer layer
what is an artery
thick wall
thick muscle layer elastic
narrow lumen than vein
carry blood away from the heart
what is capillary
wall is one cell thick
narrow diameter
narrow lumen
connect arteries and veins
saturated triglycerides
carbon chains consist of entirely of carbon- carbon single bonds
saturated with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible
unsaturated triglycerides
mono and poly saturated
single double carbon bond
more than one double carbon bond
knowledge of phagocytosis describe how add enters and kills tumour cell
cell engulfs the antibody/adc
lysosome fuse with phagosome containing adc
lysozomes breakdown adc to release the drug
why adc treatment often causes side effects on healthy cells where atntigens are found attached
afc will bind to non-tumour cells/healthy cells
cause death/damage to healthy cells
cause damage to other organs
describe how a phagocyte destroys a pathogen present in the blood
englufts
forming a vehicle/ phagosome and fuses with the lysosome
enzyme digests/hydrolyses pathogen
