exam questions Flashcards

1
Q

Describe a test to distinguish between sodium oxide and phosphorus oxide.

A

→ react with water
→ add litmus paper
→ turns blue with Na₂O & red with P₄O₁₀

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2
Q

Equation for reaction of excess magnesium oxide with
phosphoric acid.

A

3 MgO + 2H₃PO₄ → Mg₃(PO₄)₂ + 3H₂O

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3
Q

Describe a test to distinguish between potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate.

A

→ Ba(OH)₂
→ no reaction with KNO3
→ white ppt with K2SO4

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4
Q

Describe a test to distinguish between magnesium chloride and aluminium chloride.

A

→ NaOH
→ both forms white ppt
→ Al(OH)3 is amphoteric so dissolves in excess NaOH

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5
Q

State the meaning of the term periodicity.

A

repeating trend in physical and chemical properties of elements in the periodic table

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6
Q

Give an equation for the reaction between solid sodium chloride and concentrated sulphuric acid.

A

NaCl + H₂SO₄ → NaHSO₄ + HCl

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7
Q

Test for ammonia gas.

A

turns red damp litmus paper blue

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8
Q

State one other observation when Na2CO3(aq) is added to a solution containing [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ (aq) ions.

A

bubbles/effervescence

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9
Q

Explain, with the use of an equation, why a solution containing [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ has a pH <7.

A

[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ + H₂O ⇌ [Al(H₂O)5(OH)]²⁺ + H₃O⁺
→ Al3+ has a high charge density
→ weakens the OH bond (in water) releasing H+ ions

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10
Q

State one observation when solid sodium chloride reacts with concentrated sulfuric acid.

A

misty/white fumes

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11
Q

State what is observed when aqueous chlorine is added to sodium bromide solution and give an ionic equation for the reaction.

A

Cl2 + 2Br– → 2Cl– + Br2
yellow solution

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12
Q

State the role of chloride ions in the reaction between solid sodium chloride and concentrated sulfuric acid.

A

base

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13
Q

Suggest what substance might be present in the air to cause the pH to change in a solution left open in air.

A

CO2
causes pH to decrease as acidic gas

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