Exam questions

Question 1

What happens to the sequence when Cre Lox sites face the same direction?

Answer 1

It gets removed

Question 2

What happens to the sequence when Cre Lox sites face the opposite direction?

Answer 2

It gets flipped over

Question 3

In a FLEX switch the lox sites are facing:

Answer 3

Some are facing in the same direction some are facing the opposite directions

Question 4

The purpose of a FLEX switch is to:

Answer 4

Tightly control gene expression and the gene goes from off to on

Question 5

Opotogenetics are used to:

Answer 5

Manipulate the activity of cells with light

Question 6

True or false, ENU can be used to perform random mutagenesis screens in zebrafish

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What are the benefits of using zebrafish for genetic screening?

Answer 7

Small size, high fecundity, develop ex utero, transparent embreyos and amenbility to genetic and pharmacological tools

Question 8

What are the drawbacks or sources of errors for ENU screns?

Answer 8

Disruption of chromosome architecture, disruption of protein translation and unfolded protein response, lack of control over number and position of mutations, compensation for deletirous mutations

Question 9

which methods work in zebrafish?

Answer 9

CRISPR/CAS9, TALEN, Cre, GAL4-UAS,

Question 10

What are the purposes of forward and reverse genetics?

Answer 10

Forward genetics finding the genes responsible for a phenotype, reverse genetics finding the function of a specific gene

Question 11

Give some examples of quantative traits

Answer 11

Height and weight

Question 12

Give three examples of goals for quantative trait loci mapping

Answer 12

Identify the number of gene regions responsible for a phenotype, determine the effect size of QTLs responsible for a phenotype and determine the type of action (additive, dominance)

Question 13

Linked genes may have the recomination frequency up to:

Answer 13

> 50%

Question 14

True or false, genetic mapping relies on the recombination event between genes

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What are key strategies for gene therapy

Answer 15

gene addition, gene substraction and gene correction

Question 16

What are some challanges to gene therapy?

Answer 16

How to introduce genes into living cells, how to make delivery into specific cell types, obtaining proper cell type expression of the inserted gene, avoiding silencing of exogenous gene, avoiding an immune response

Question 17

True or false, Lentiviruses comes from HIV and can therefoere not be used as therapy vectors

Answer 17

False

Question 18

True or false, adenoviruses are good vectors because they cause only mild colds and are therefore harmless

Answer 18

False

Question 19

True or false, since gene therapy is harmless govermeant oversight is not needed

Answer 19

False

Question 20

In drosophilia melanogaster one typical method to make transgenic flies involves P elements. What 3 elements are necessary for p-element to transposase?

Answer 20

Transposase, inverse terminal repeats, subterminal inverted repeats

Question 21

How are P elemnts used to make transgenic flies?

Answer 21

The transposase gene is replaced with DNA encoding other information (eg red eye), transposase is provided by a hlper element,

Question 22

Give two examples of Gal4-UAS system components

Answer 22

The enhancer controlling the expression of Gal4, Gal4 protein driving expression through the UAS

Question 23

The Gal4-UAS system is useful to drive expression of a transgene in specific cell types. This is typically acomplished by:

Answer 23

Making Gal4 lines with cell type specific enhancers

Question 24

What are random integration trasngenetics

Answer 24

Animals with transgenes that integrate into random locations of the genome

Question 25

What are three disadvantages of RIT?

Answer 25

RIT can integrate into multiple copies, they can have unpredictable expression patterns and they can mutate endogenous genes

Question 26

What is a method to avoid disadvantages of RIT?

Answer 26

gene targeting

Question 27

How might RIT affect an insulated neighberhood?

Answer 27

it might mutate a CTCF site, it might mutate an enhancer and it might misexpress a native gene

Question 28

How might neighberhood affect RITs?

Answer 28

neighberhoods may drive expression of RIT in the wrong cell type and may prevent expression of RIT in the desired cell type

Question 29

What features and components of plasmids make them useful for genetic engeneering?

Answer 29

they are circular, havce a selactable marker, they have an origin of replication and have multiple cloning sites

Question 30

Which of the following stimulates homologus recombination by making breaks in the DNA. CRISPR/CAS9, TALENs, zinc fingers endonucleases and HPRT.

Answer 30

CRISPR/CAS9, TALENs, zinc fingers endonucleases

Question 31

CRISPR/CAS9 is more popular than TALEN, why?

Answer 31

CRISPR is much easier to engineer

Question 32

True or false, if two cre reporters are located in different parts of the genome they will still work equally well when induced by the same cre line

Answer 32

False

Question 33

If during the generation of a gene targeted mouse line the genetic background becomes mixed and it is impossible to have proper wild type controls, true or false

Answer 33

False

Question 34

Which of the following questions can be adressed about diseases with the application of genetic engineering: weather a mutation in humans can cause a similar disease in mouse, wether thye mutation acts as a loss of function or gain of function, wether the gene, mRNA or protein is toxic, if the portein is toxic where in the cell it is toxic

Answer 34

All of the above