Exam Q2 Flashcards
How does orbital cellulitis present?
Pain on eye movement Sudden onset visual loss Chemosis Proptosis (protruding eye) Redness and swelling of the eyelid (oedema) Inability to open and move the eye (ophthalmoplegia) RAPD Fever Lethargy Diagnosis confirmed by CT and MRI Managed with IV antibiotics or surgical drainage if an abscess IV tazocin
Which eye drops should be used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis?
Chloramphenicol (avoided in pregnant women)
Fusidic acid
What causes central visual field loss?
AMD Optic neuropathy Leber's optic atrophy Macular holes Retinal artery occlusion
What causes peripheral visual field loss?
Glaucoma Retinal detachment Retinitis pigmentosa Chorioretinitis Branch retinal occlusion
How does blepharitis present?
Presents with crusting of both eyelids worse first thing in the morning
Associated with redness, swelling, itching
No visual changes
Treat with eyelid hygiene and warm compress
What are causes of mydriasis (large pupil)?
third nerve palsy
Holmes-Adie pupil
traumatic iridoplegia
phaeochromocytoma
congenital
topical mydriatics: tropicamide, atropine
sympathomimetic drugs: amphetamines, cocaine
anticholinergic drugs: tricyclic antidepressants
What is the Keith-Wagener classification of hypertensive retinopathy?
Stage 1: Arteriolar narrowing and tortuosity Increased light reflex - silver wiring Stage 2: Arteriovenous nipping Stage 3: Cotton-wool exudates Flame and blot haemorrhages Stage 4: papilloedema
What is a Marcus-Gunn pupil?
RAPD
What is Hutchinson’s pupil?
Unilaterally dilated pupil which is unresponsive to light. A result of compression of the occulomotor nerve of the same side, by an intracranial mass (e.g. tumour, haematoma)
What are the causes of tunnel vision?
papilloedema glaucoma retinitis pigmentosa choroidoretinitis optic atrophy secondary to tabes dorsalis hysteria
