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***Histotech exam secret study guide > Exam Q's > Flashcards

Exam Q's Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Heat fixation should NOT be used for which of the following stains?
    a. Capsular staining
    b. Gram stain
    c. Endospore staining
    d. Acid-fast stain
A

a. Capsular staining

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2
Q
  1. Which of the following is an example of a noncoagulant fixative?
    a. Picric acid
    b. Zinc salts
    c. Ethanol
    d. Formaldehyde
A

d. Formaldehyde

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following methods could be used to remove mercury pigment, a fixation artifact?
    a. Treat the specimen with an iodine solution followed by bleaching with sodium thiosulfate
    b. Treat the specimen with saturated alcoholic picric acid
    c. Treat specimen with 10% ammonium hydroxide in 70% ethyl alcohol
    d. Treat the specimen with 1% acid alcohol
A

a. Treat the specimen with an iodine solution followed by bleaching with sodium thiosulfate

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following fixative reagents causes tissue swelling?
    a. Mercuric chloride
    b. Picric acid
    c. Acetic acid
    d. Ethanol
A

c. Acetic acid

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following fixative reagents does NOT cause tissue hardening?
    a. Picric acid
    b. Formalin
    c. Acetone
    d. Mercuric chloride
A

a. Picric acid

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a primary purpose of fixation?
    a. To prevent putrefaction
    b. To prevent autolysis
    c. To enhance differences in the refractive indexes of various tissue structures
    d. To expose antigen sites for immunohistochemical staining
A

d. To expose antigen sites for immunohistochemical staining

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7
Q
  1. Autolysis is defined as the following:
    a. Postmortem decay caused by bacteria
    b. Denature of proteins in the tissue caused by chemical fixation
    c. The process of removing calcium from bone or tissue
    d. Destruction of tissues by enzymes normally present in the cells
A

d. Destruction of tissues by enzymes normally present in the cells

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8
Q
  1. When processing delicate specimens using a standard closed tissue processor, dehydration should be done by which of the following methods to minimize tissue distortion?
    a. A graded series of reagents of increasing concentration
    b. A graded series of reagents of decreasing concentration
    c. A single reagent at a single concentration
    d. Delicate specimens do not require a dehydration step
A

a. A graded series of reagents of increasing concentration

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9
Q
  1. When preparing a sample for electron microscopy, which of the following embedding materials should be used?
    a. Paraffin
    b. Agar
    c. Gelatin
    d. Resin
A

d. Resin

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tissue processing using a microwave oven?
    a. Shorter processing time
    b. Does not require monitoring, calibration, or manual transfer of tissues
    c. Does not require graded concentrations of solutions
    d. Does not require the use of xylene, which eliminates the associated toxic fumes
A

b. Does not require monitoring, calibration, or manual transfer of tissues

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11
Q
  1. Which of the following is a “universal solvent”?
    a. Isopropyl alcohol
    b. Dioxane
    c. Toluene
    d. Acetone
A

b. Dioxane

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following is an artifact of over-decalcification of bone tissue?
    a. The slide appears to be covered in dust
    b. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain shows poor nuclear (basophilic) staining
    c. Large holes are present that could be mistaken for vacuoles
    d. The tissue shows a “parched earth” cracking appearance
A

b. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain shows poor nuclear (basophilic) staining

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13
Q
  1. When orienting a tissue for embedding, which of the following tissues requires special attention to ensure it is cut in cross section?
    a. Brain
    b. Liver
    c. Fallopian tubes
    d. Muscle biopsies
A

c. Fallopian tubes

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following should be used for sectioning celloidin?
    a. Rotary microtome
    b. Sliding microtome
    c. Clinical freezing microtome
    d. Retracting microtome
A

b. Sliding microtome

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following reagents can be added to a floatation bath in order to increase paraffin adhesion to a glass slide?
    a. Agar
    b. Triton X-100
    c. Brij35
    d. 95% alcohol
A

a. Agar

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16
Q
  1. The microtome and associated cryostat chamber should be maintained at which of the following temperature ranges when sectioning adipose tissue?
    a. 0° to -4°C
    b. -7° to -12°C
    c. -15° to -23°C
    d. -25° to -30°C
A

d. -25° to -30°C

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17
Q
  1. Which knife type is the most widely used for routine microtomy?
    a. Steel knives
    b. Thin disposable blades
    c. Glass blades
    d. Diamond blades
A

b. Thin disposable blades

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18
Q
  1. Which of the following is a sign that the section was faced too aggressively or quickly?
    a. The tissue expands in the water bath
    b. The section has numerous holes throughout
    c. Some cells are in focus, whereas others are not
    d. Chatter, or microscopic vibration, is seen in the section
A

b. The section has numerous holes throughout

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19
Q
  1. Most paraffin-embedded sections for light microscopy should be _____ thick.
    a. 50 to 90 nm
    b. 0.5 to 1 μm
    c. 3 to 5 μm
    d. 7 to10 μm
A

c. 3 to 5 μm

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20
Q
  1. To view the green birefringence of an amyloid protein deposit stained with Congo red, which of the following microscopy methods should be used?
    a. Phase contrast microscopy
    b. Fluorescence microscopy
    c. Polarized light microscopy
    d. Scanning electron microscopy
A

c. Polarized light microscopy

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21
Q
  1. Which of the following is the most widely used histological stain?
    a. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain
    b. Wright stain
    c. Periodic acid–Schiff stain
    d. Mallory trichrome stain
A

a. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain

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22
Q
  1. A _________ is a metal ion that forms a complex with some dyes, thereby allowing the dye to adhere better to a tissue
    a. biotin
    b. naphthol
    c. mordant
    d. polymer
A

c. mordant

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23
Q
  1. Trichrome stains are primarily used to demonstrate which of the following?
    a. Endogenous pigments
    b. Components of the nervous system such as neurons and astrocytes
    c. Differential demonstration of connective tissues such as muscle and collagen fibers
    d. Bacterial infections
A

c. Differential demonstration of connective tissues such as muscle and collagen fibers

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24
Q
  1. In humans, binucleated cells can be found in healthy _______ epithelium.
    a. stratified cuboidal
    b. stratified squamous keratinizing
    c. transitional
    d. simple columnar
A

c. transitional

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25
25. Which of the following dye combinations is used in the classical Papanicolaou stain (Pap stain)? a. Methylene blue and eosin b. Malachite green and safranin c. Weigert hematoxylin, acid fuchsin, and Light Green SF yellowish d. Alum-hematoxylin, Orange G, Eosin Y, Light green SF, and Bismarck brown Y
d. Alum-hematoxylin, Orange G, Eosin Y, Light green SF, and Bismarck brown Y
26
26. The process by which a section is purposely overstained and then differentiated in acid alcohol is referred to as the following: a. regressive staining b. progressive staining c. basic staining d. counter staining
a. regressive staining
27
27. Mayer hematoxylin is chemically ripened with which of the following oxidants? a. Mercuric iodate b. Iodine c. Potassium iodate d. Sodium iodate
d. Sodium iodate
28
28. When a blood smear is stained using Wright stain, which of the following white blood cells demonstrates a multilobed nucleus and has red-orange granules throughout the cytoplasm? a. Basophil b. Eosinophil c. Lymphocyte d. Monocyte
b. Eosinophil
29
29. Which of the following can be used to differentiate live versus dead cells? a. Hematoxylin b. Trypan blue c. Eosin d. Celestine blue
b. Trypan blue
30
30. Rhodamine and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) are both examples of ______. a. antibodies b. antigens c. fluorochromes d. enzymes
c. fluorochromes
31
31. Chromatolysis, as demonstrated by the cresyl echt violet method, is a sign of which of the following? a. Injury of a neuron b. Proliferation of astrocytes c. Loss of myelin sheath d. Activation of microglia
a. Injury of a neuron
32
32. Which of the following microbial stains would be the BEST to detect and diagnose a suspected mycobacteria infection? a. Gram stain b. Kinyoun acid–fast stain c. Chromic acid–Schiff d. Warthin-Starry technique
b. Kinyoun acid–fast stain
33
33. Hall staining of liver tissue can be used to demonstrate the presence of which of the following pigments? a. Bilirubin b. Lipofuscin c. Melanin d. Hemosiderin
a. Bilirubin
34
34. Mast cells stained with toluidine blue will appear ________. a. blue b. yellow c. purple d. orange
c. purple
35
35. In long-term smokers, the cells lining the airways can change from pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium to squamous epithelium. This change in cell type is referred to as _______. a. hypoplasia b. anaplasia c. hyperplasia d. metaplasia
d. metaplasia
36
36. Which of the following can be used as a “bluing” agent for alum hematoxylin when performing an H&E stain? a. 0.05% ammonia in distilled water b. Glacial acetic acid c. Glycerin d. Copper
a. 0.05% ammonia in distilled water
37
37. Which of the following stains is the BEST for demonstrating reticular fibers in a paraffin section? a. Rhodizonate method b. H&E c. Gomori stain d. Giemsa stain
c. Gomori stain
38
38. Which of the following is a gram-positive organism? a. Staphylococcus sp. b. Neisseria c. Klebsiella d. Brucella
a. Staphylococcus sp.
39
39. When colon is stained with the Movat Pentachrome stain, goblet cells containing mucin will appear ______. a. yellow b. blue c. bright red d. black
b. blue
40
40. Which of the following stains would be the best choice to detect and identify the Plasmodium vivax protozoa (causative agent of malaria)? a. Giemsa stain b. Gram stain c. Ziehl-Neelsen stain d. Grocott methenamine-silver nitrate stain
a. Giemsa stain
41
41. The von Kossa stain is used to detect ______. a. iron b. calcium c. bile d. copper
b. calcium
42
42. Which of the following would be the best positive control tissue for the Verhoeff–van Gieson stain? a. Liver b. Aorta c. Cerebral cortex d. Hyaline cartilage
b. Aorta
43
43. When using the PAS-diastase digestion method, which of the following tissue components is removed by the diastase digestion? a. Glycogen b. Mucin c. Lipids d. Fibrin
a. Glycogen
44
44. Cell nuclei that contain large amounts of heterochromatin will stain ______ when stained using hematoxylin and eosin. a. intensely basophilic (dark purple) b. mildly basophilic (pale purple) c. intensely acidophilic (dark pink) d. mildly acidophil (pale pink)
a. intensely basophilic (dark purple)
45
45. When handling acids in the laboratory, which of the following statements is a good safety rule to follow? a. Always add water to acid. b. Always add acid to water. c. Never combine acid and water together in the same container. d. No safety rule applies. Water and acid can be added to together safely under any circumstances.
b. Always add acid to water.
46
46. How would you prepare 100 milliliters of a 5% solution when you have a 20% solution available? a. 50 mL of the 20% solution + 50 mL of distilled water b. 60 mL of the 20% solution + 40 mL of distilled water c. 10 mL of the 20% solution + 90 mL of distilled water d. 25 mL of the 20% solution + 75 mL of distilled water
d. 25 mL of the 20% solution + 75 mL of distilled water - C1V1 = C2V2 (20g/100mL)(V1) = (5g/100 mL)(100mL) (20g/100mL)(V1)= 5g V1= (5g)/(20g/100mL) V1= 25 ml of 20% solution
47
47. Which of the following documents would you consult to find out what first-aid measures should be taken after being exposed to a particular chemical in the laboratory? a. Safety Data Sheet b. IACUC protocol c. Standard Operating Procedure d. Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s Bloodborne Pathogens Standard
a. Safety Data Sheet
48
48. If you wanted to determine the exact pH of a neutral-buffered formalin solution, the pH meter should first be calibrated with which of the following? a. pH 4.0 standard b. pH 7.0 standard c. pH 10.0 standard d. Electrode storage solution
b. pH 7.0 standard
49
49. 300 microliters is equal to how many milliliters? a. 3 b. 30 c. 0.3 d. 0.03
c. 0.3
50
50. Which of the following can be an explosion hazard? a. Oxalic acid b. Liquid nitrogen c. Iodine d. Picric acid
d. Picric acid
51
51. Which of the following is NOT an Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard designed to protect workers in the laboratory? a. Hazard Communications b. Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in the Laboratory c. Bloodborne Pathogen d. Safe Work Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories
d. Safe Work Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories
52
52. The histologic finding of Negri bodies within a brain tissue section is the pathognomonic finding for which of the following diseases? a. Lyme disease b. Alzheimer disease c. Rabies d. Parkinson disease
c. Rabies
53
53. Which of the following federal agencies regulates the disposal of chemical hazardous waste? a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) b. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) c. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) d. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
d. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
54
54. Which of the following fixatives can cause false-positive staining when used with the periodic acid–Schiff technique? a. Glutaraldehyde b. 10% neutral-buffered formalin c. Bouin solution d. Methanol
a. Glutaraldehyde
55
55. What is the maximum number of biotin molecules that a single avidin molecule can bind to? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
d. 4
56
56. Many problems can occur when performing an immunohistochemical stain. Which of the following problems could be detected using commercially prepared control slides? a. Degradation of primary antibody due to improper storage temperature b. Improper pH of buffers used in epitope retrieval c. Over-fixation of tissue d. Cross-contamination of specimens
a. Degradation of primary antibody due to improper storage temperature
57
57. Which of the components of the Grocott methenamine silver nitrate fungus stain is used to oxidize polysaccharides to aldehydes? a. Silver nitrate b. Chromic acid c. Borax d. Methenamine
b. Chromic acid
58
58. A liver section stained with Prussian blue shows positive staining, exemplified by many blue granules throughout the hepatocytes. One possible diagnosis for this patient could be ____________. a. liver cancer b. hepatitis A c. hemochromatosis d. glycogen storage disease
c. hemochromatosis
59
59. A technician stains a tissue suspected to have a liposarcoma by the Oil Red O method. No positive red staining is visualized, which is unusual since most tissues contain some fat. What could be one explanation for this result? a. Oil Red O stock was dissolved in isopropyl alcohol rather than propylene glycol. b. A frozen section was used rather than a paraffin section. c. An alcohol fixative was used. d. A 10% neutral-buffered formalin was used.
c. An alcohol fixative was used.
60
60. Which of the following enzyme types acts on their specific substrate by either adding or removing water? a. Hydrolases b. Oxidoreductases c. Transferases d. Lyases
a. Hydrolases

***Histotech exam secret study guide (1 decks)

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